• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate of the protection efficiency in each part of developed pesticide-proof clothes by repeated washings. We investigated the effect of repeated laundering on mechanical properties of pesticide-proof clothes (not washed vs 5 times washed). We also examined pesticide infiltration rate into the pesticide-proof clothes by repeated laundering. The patches(TCL paper, surface area 50cm2)were attached to the inside of pesticide-proof clothes(head, chest, right upper-arm, right forearm, left thigh, left calf, back) which subjects had dressed in during pesticide spraying. The patches were detached from working clothes after work. For the extraction of pesticide in pesticide-proof clothes, sonication was applied for 30 min with methanol. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to identify the pesticide component. The results of this study are as follows: The force strength, water-vapour resistance and surface wetting resistance of pesticide-proof clothes decreased 5 times more in washed clothes. The concentration of pesticide was the highest in the head area of pesticide-proof clothes. In seven parts of TLC paper attached to the pesticide proof clothes, the concentration of pesticide was higher in the left thigh. The penetration part and concentration of pesticide increased as washing was repeated. Therefore the conclusion which can be drawn from this study is this: protection efficiency of pesticide-proof clothes decrease by repeated washings.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2007

국내 지역을 경기도, 강원도, 충청도, 전라도, 경상도로 크게 5그룹으로 구분한 후 각각을 2곳의 군단위로 나누어 총 10곳의 지역으로 구분한 뒤, 국내 축산의 주요 축종인 소, 돼지, 닭 축사를 중심으로 분변, 퇴비, 축산인의 손, 지하수, 토양, 하천에서 E. coli 197균주, S. aureus 42균주, C. jejuni/coli 13균주, E. faecium/faecalis 223균주를 분리하여 항생제 감수성 시험을 실시하였다. 모니터링 결과 축산환경에서 분리된 균 중 한 가지 이상의 항생제에 대한 내성율은 E. coli 69.4%(137균주), S. aureus 78.6%(33균주), C. jejuni/coli 100%(13균주), E. faecium/faecalis 82.1%(183균주)를 나타내었다. 또한 4계열 이상의 항생제 내성이 있는 다제 내성율은 각각 19.2%(38균주), 11.9%(5균주), 15.4%(2균주), 6.2%(14균주)였다. 그리고 환경 중에서 VREF 2개 균주를 분리하였다. 축종별 항생제 사용추이를 살펴보면, 소, 돼지, 닭 및 수산용 등 주요 사육가축에 한정하여 판매량을 조사한 결과 소의 경우 01년부터 연도별로 6%, 9%, 8% 판매, 돼지 경우 01년부터 연도별로 57%, 56%, 55% 판매, 닭의 경우 01년부터 연도별로 23%, 23%, 26% 판매, 수산용의 경우 01년부터 연도별로 14%, 12%, 11%판매된 것으로 조사되었다[18]. 이는 소축사 환경에서 분리한 균이 돼지나 닭 축사 환경에서 분리한 균보다 내성율이 낮게 나타나 항생제 사용량과 관계가 있는 것을 추측할 수 있었다. 전체적으로 분리된 균의 내성율이 임상에서 분리되는 균의 항생제 내성율에 비해서는 낮게 검출되었다. 그러나 하천, 토양, 축산인의 손, 지하수 등에서 분리된 균의 항생제 내성회득 결과는 동물의 분변 등 환경관리에 대한 좀 더 많은 관심과 정책이 필요할 것으로 사료되었다 또한 축산 환경에서 분리된 내성균이 많지 않은 국내 현실을 감안할 때 본 연구에서 분리된 균주들은 향후 항생제 내성균 전파 경로를 추적하는 좋은 연구 자료가 될 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2004년도 ISMP Pb-free solders and the PCB technologies related to Pb-free solders
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• pp.93-99
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• 2004

At present, LG Electronics pushes ahead to eliminate the Pb(Lead) -a hazardous material- from all products. Especially, we have performed to select the optimum standard composition of lead free alloy for the application to products for about 3 years from 2000. These days, we have the chance for applying to the mass-production. This project constructed the system for applying the lead free solders on consumer electronic products, which is one of the major products of the LG Electronics. To select the lead free solders with corresponding to the product features, we have passed through the test and applied with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy system to our products, and for the application to the high melting temperature composition, we secured the thermal resistance of the many parts and substrate and optimized the processing conditions. We have operated the temperature cycling test and the high temperature storage test under the standards to confirm the reliability of the products. On these samples, we considered the consequence of our decision by the operating test. For the long life time of the product, we have operated the temperature cycling test at $-45^{\circ}C-+125^{\circ}C$, 1 cycle/hour, 1000 cycles. Also we have tested the tin whisker growth about lead free plating on lead finish. We have analyzed with the SEM, EDS and any other equipment for confirming the failure mode at the joint and the tin whisker growth on lead free finish.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.185-188
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• 2001

Genetically modified foods and food additives are derived from organisms that have been inserted foreign genetic materials by recombinant DNA techniques to improve the quality or any other pur-poses. The problems such as toxicity, allergenicity and antibiotics resistance in the safety of genetically modified foods are usually concerned. In Korea, the safety of foods is ensured by the Food Sanitation Act. Although there is no specific provision regarding the genetically modified foods in it, any foods that might cause negative effect(s) on public health or human life are prohibited to sell in the market. In order to systematically evaluate safety of genetically modified foods, the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) promulgated "Guidelines regarding review of safety assessment data for genetically modified foods and food additives (KFDA Notification 1999-46)". The objectives of these guidelines are to ensure safety of genetically modified foods and food additives. In order to evaluate the safety of genetically modified foods. KFDA operates a special expert committee composed by experts from government, universities, research institutes. and consumer's unions. Recently. manufacturers and consumers are interested in the issues on safety and labeling of genetically modified foods, because of increment of imported genetically modified crops and processed foods. Since government and consumers unions have different viewpoints, their positions regarding the issue are different each other. Therefore, the regulation of labeling on genetically modified foods is prepared and should be enforced at July 2000 in Korea. in Korea.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.688-701
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• 2014

This study examined the expression characteristics in pop art works of Jean-Charles de Castelbajac. The study here aimed at possibility to find a design development in building up the unique art world of creativity based on popularity, artistry, and originality without confinement to the trend only. For the research method, review of literature and analysis about Castelbajac's works reflecting the pop art feature in the collections from 2000S/S to 2012F/W were performed. The results of research are as follows. The external expression form of Castelbajac's works based on pop art was grouped roughly into use of mass culture image, appropriation of pop art expression technique, and parody of art works. First, his work appeared as application of the mass culture image such as symbolic thing in the modern consumer society, object in an ordinary life, character of well-known animation, national flag and famous star. Second, such appropriated pop art techniques showed as pop color in strong primary color and silk screen, photomontage, collage, assemblage, graffiti, and lettering. Third, a variety of images featured earlier in art works were shown in parody. These works are valuable in that they are expressed aesthetically through regeneration of popular culture's various images in view of fashion, they are described in the non-traditional value with frolic resistance and deviation out of existing fashion norm, and they are given the dynamic creativity integrated with art and fashion.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2012

One of the main methods of building LNG tankers uses the Moss spherical tank design since it can be precisely analyzed with respect to reliability and safety of construction by stress analysis. Aluminum alloy 5083 is generally used in the Moss spherical tank design for the wall in constructing the LNG tanker. This aluminum alloy does not have low temperature brittleness, but has good corrosion resistance, good weldability, and excellent material properties for the application. The Moss spherical tank is constructed with several sections of A5083 thick plate with curved surfaces, which are welded together. It is essential to predict the amount of springback for the deformed thick plates in design to insure a reliable construction because the structure needs to be assembled into a perfect sphere. Unless the initial construction meets the design, there are additional processing costs for reworking to meet the specifications as well as a cost penalty paid to a consumer. In this paper, FE analyses were conducted to predict the amount of springback for various forming conditions and forming processes. The various forming processes were evaluated with respect to reducing springback and compared with the conventional forming process used for curved surfaces of thick Al plate.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.743-754
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• 2014

This study identified the internal motives for the purchase behavior of Korean male consumers in multi-brand fashion stores by conducting in-depth interviews with 8 men in their 20s and 30s. All respondents had significant experience with this type of store. Data were analyzed in an inductive way and compared with Bohemianism to interpret and described the results as a recent phenomenon of men's fashion. The five internal motives were extracted from analysis: the pursuit of freedom of expression, the counter-cultural resistance to department stores and domestic fashion brands, which tend to copy designs from international brands, the pursuit of mobility and adventure for trying to search and wear a new fashion style, the pursuit of pleasure through store experience, and the pursuit of artistic value by considering goods purchased in multi-brand fashion stores as artistic and cultural goods.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2018

Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is one of the most common diseases of strawberries (Fragaria${\times}$ananassa Duchesne) worldwide. Although many chemical fungicides are used for controlling the growth of B. cinerea, the risk of the fungus developing chemical resistance together with consumer demand for reducing the use of chemical fungicides have necessitated an alternative method to control this pathogen. Various naturally occurring microbes aggressively attack plant pathogens and benefit plants by suppressing diseases; these microbes are referred to as biocontrol agents. However, screening of potent biocontrol agents is essential for their further development and commercialization. In this study, 24 strains of yeast with antagonistic ability against gray mold were isolated, and the antifungal activity of the volatile and diffusible metabolites was evaluated. Putative mechanisms of action associated with the biocontrol capacity of yeast strains against B. cinerea were studied through in vitro and in vivo assays. The volatile organic compounds produced by the Galactomyces candidum JYC1146 could be useful in the biological control of plant pathogens and therefore are potential alternative fungicides with low environmental impact.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2012

This study aims to define the influences of an individual's talent types and body consciousness factors on high((intense)-level appearance management behavior in 367 adults(female 172 and male 195). The present study is the first to consider both human talent type and the body consciousness on the high level-appearance management behavior correlates to appearance management behaviour. According to the result of the analysis, plastic surgery on body forms or faces are done by few people. However, straightening teeth, ear piercing, removal of spots or imperfections, and eyebrow tattoos are conducted by many consumers without much resistance. It is rather widely accepted, despite the fact that it can cause pain, discomfort, and side-effects. Furthermore, although excessive acts such as muscle training, dieting, weight managing, and oriental treatments can lead to side-effects, the standardized efficient beta value turned out to be high for these treatments. Thus, this study suggests that both the interpersonal talent among 8 talent factors and 2 body consciousness factors contributes to the reinforcement of the self-identity through high level-appearance management behaviors, but except risky plastic surgery. Therefore, this study supports the previous researches that body consciousness composed of self-source, which is desires and efforts to achieve the ideal body, and external-source, which is the internalization of other people's feedbacks.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.687-703
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• 2019

A survey we conducted suggests that the ingestion of veterinary drug residues in edible animal parts constitutes a potential health hazard for its consumers, including, specifically, the possibility of developing multidrug resistance, carcinogenicity, and disruption of intestinal normal microflora. The survey results indicated that antibiotics, parasitic drugs, anticoccidial, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are broadly used, and this use in livestock is associated with the appearance of residues in various animal products such as milk, meat, and eggs. We observed that different cooking procedures, heating temperatures, storage times, fermentation, and pH have the potential to decrease drug residues in animal products. Several studies have reported the use of thermal treatments and sterilization to decrease the quantity of antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, macrolides, and sulfonamides, in animal products. Fermentation treatments also decreased levels of penicillin and pesticides such as dimethoate, malathion, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and lindane. pH, known to influence decreases in cloxacillin and oxacillin levels, reportedly enhanced the dissolution of antimicrobial drug residues. Pressure cooking also reduced aldrin, dieldrin, and endosulfan in animal products. Therefore, this review provides updated information on the control of drug residues in animal products, which is of significance to veterinarians, livestock producers, and consumer health.