• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluates a new banana bulk packaging method under the real transport conditions of Sri Lanka. Methods: A field evaluation of optimized 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets used as the cushioning material was applied. A trial transport was conducted from Thambuttegama to Colombo using a medium-sized open truck, with banana leaves as the control material. Data were recorded at the farmer, transporter, retailer, and consumer stages of the supply chain. Mechanical damage, physiological loss in weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, ripeness index, visual quality ratings, and the physical damage index of the bananas were measured at each stage. A cost-benefit analysis was also conducted for both packaging methods. Results: The 8-mm styrofoam sheets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the mechanical damage from 26.3% to 12.9% compared to the conventional method for long-distance transport, and the physiological loss in weight showed a decrease of 2.88%. The loss of firmness of the fruits followed a simmilar pattern for both methods until reaching the retailer, but at the consumer was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the control. However, the physical damage index at the retail stage for the control showed symptoms of physical injury, whereas the bananas transported using the cushioning materials exhibited only minor symptoms. Further, the visual quality of the fruits after transport from the farmer to the consumer was preserved, which is one of the main factors affecting consumer preference and retail price. The proposed method increases the profit margin by 51.2% for Embul bananas owing to the reduced postharvest losses. Conclusion: The 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets reduced the physical damage to the bananas, with the quality parameters maintained at the prefered level. Moreover, profits may be increased.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.416-429
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• 2018

태풍, 홍수는 우리에게 빈번하게 닥치는 자연 재해이며, 이와 같은 자연 재해로부터 오는 피해는 사전에 예측되어 대응책이 마련될 필요가 있다. 자연 재해로부터 야기되는 피해에는 건물의 붕괴, 인명 피해, 논/밭의 유실 등 주로 직접적인 피해가 많지만, 소비자 물가 상승과 같은 간접적인 영향에도 관심을 가져야 한다. 태풍, 홍수의 피해로부터 영향을 받는 대표적인 소비재 상품은 농산물이다. 갑작스럽고 강력한 태풍은 많은 비를 동반하면서 농작물에 피해를 주고, 농산물의 가격을 상승시킨다. 본 연구에서는 딥러닝 알고리즘을 활용하여 태풍과 같은 자연 재해가 농산물 가격에 미치는 영향을 예측한다. 우리는 데이터 확보가 가능한 쌀, 양파, 대파, 애호박, 시금치 등을 가격 예측 대상으로 했고, 농산물 가격에 영향을 미치는 변수 데이터들로 학습 모델을 만들고, 그 학습 모델이 농산물 가격을 예측하는 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 모델에 의한 예측 가격과 실제 가격의 차이를 나타내는 RMSE가 0.069 수준이며, 농산물 가격을 비교적 잘 설명하는 것으로 해석된다. 정확한 농산물 가격 예측은 정부의 농산물 공급 규모 조절 등 자연 재해 대응을 위한 정부의 노력에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• CRM연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2006

본 연구는 우리나라 전자상거래 업계에서 새로운 업태로 급격하게 성장하고 있는 인터넷 오픈마켓기업이 고객의 신뢰도 확보를 위하여 갖추어야 할 전략적 요소는 무엇인지 파악하고자 실시되었다. 소비자들이 오픈마켓의 명성과 평판을 보고 거래에 참가하지만, 실제 거래는 인지도나 만족도가 낮은 중소규모의 판매자 또는 일부 프로 슈머와 거래해야 된다는 점에서 판매자의 신뢰확보 여부가 오픈마켓 성패의 중요한 요소가 될 것이다. 연구결과, 오픈마켓에 참가하는 소비자가 구매과정에서 경험한 만족도는 7점 척도기준 4.23으로 비교적 낮은 수준이었으며, 거래의 안전성 확보를 위하여 중요하게 인식하는 요인은 (1) 사후적 피해보상의 가능성 (2) 상품품 질 및 브랜드의 진정성 (3) 상품의 신속 정확한 배송 (4) 상품가격 및 품질 등 선택정보 제공 등으로 나타났다. 이러한 요인들과 판매자의 신뢰도와의 관계를 회귀분석한 결과 양자의 관계는 매우 유의한 것으로 나타나 이러한 요인들이 충족될 경우 판매자에 대한 소비자의 신뢰도가 향상될 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 오픈마켓 기업은 소비자 신뢰확보를 위하여 판매자에 대한 소비자의 신뢰 확보를 위하여 지속적인 관계마케팅, 고객관계 관리 전략이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.477-493
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• 1997

The consumers' purchase experiences of some imported agricultural products (rice, sesame, garlic, onion, jujube, red pepper, oak mushroom, apple, dried persimmon) and their consciousness for the labelling of the country of origin for agricultural products in Youngnam region were examined in this study. The sample consisted of 438 women who lived in Taegu, Pusan and other cities of Kyungpook and Kyungnam, and the self-administered questionnaire for the survey was used. The main reasons to purchase the imported agricultural products were the wide distribution and low price of them. Most of the consumers were concerned about safety of the imported agricultural products but only a few people experienced unsatisfaction of the products. The price, quality, package, container, label, and safety of the examined products were evaluated worse than those of the domestic products. Generally, although they suffered unsatisfaction, the consumers did not complain because they wanted to avoid troublesome work, which means the consumers did not assert their rights. Some people did not know the labelling system for the country of origin and the place to charge the market violating it. Therefore, it will be necessary for the consumers to receive education about the labelling system for the country of origin and the compensation criteria for consumers' grievances and damages. The current labelling method for the country of origin generally met the consumers' preference but the consumers wanted to improve the position and color of the label. Most consumers could not differentiate the imported products from the domestic products. The results obtained from the survey suggest consumer education for the labelling system for the country of origin and the compensation criteria should be activated through various ways such as mass media and consumer organizations.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제40권
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• pp.3-30
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• 2008

This article attempts to describe and analyze the rules on the buyer's remedies for lack of conformity under PELS. It shows that such remedies under the PELS operate in a two-tier remedial scheme which is alien to both domestic and international legal systems. That is, repair and replacement take the position of primary remedy, whereas termination, price reduction and damages are secondary remedies which are available only where the primary remedies cannot be invoked. Notwithstanding its superiority, the PELS have some drawbacks in several aspects. First, the PELS seems to place its focus on the factor of cost except the other factors, for instance, the significance of the lack of conformity, when one decides whether the first tier remedies cause the seller unreasonable effort or expense. It is argued that the factors can be considered by referring to art. 1:302 PECL. Second, the PELS does not expressively provide any exclusion of the seller's right to choose between repair or replacement on the basis of unreasonable uncertainty in reimbursing the expenses advanced by the buyer. It argues that if there is such uncertainty, it should be regarded as causing the buyer an unreasonable inconvenience under art. 4:204(1). Third, the PELS does not seem to properly reflect the consumer's interests in that most consumers prefer to have the absolute right of termination as against the commercial sellers who have a relatively stronger bargaining position. The reasons for that is that there is a big hurdle, i.e., a hierarchy of remedies, to be overcome by the consumer to battle with the commercial seller, and that unavoidable vagueness in defining a minor lack of conformity has been often used against the consumer, but in favour of the commercial seller with a strong bargaining position.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2024

사용자 인터페이스(user interface, UI) 기능이 왜곡되어 의도적으로 사용자를 기만하거나 유혹하는 다크패턴으로 등장하고 있다. 다크패턴을 인지하지 못한 소비자는 선택권을 제약받고 이로 인해 불필요한 경제적 피해를 보고 있다. 본 연구에서는 질적연구 방법을 통해 온라인 쇼핑몰의 다크패턴에 대한 소비자들의 다양한 쇼핑 감정 및 다크패턴인지 이후의 행동의도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 다크패턴 유형에 따라 인지하는 비율은 다소 차이가 있었고, 해당업체에 대한 불신, 사용자 기만, 불쾌함 등의 소비자 감정을 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 다크패턴 인지 이후의 행동은 아직까지는 적극적으로 해당업체에 항의하여 피해보상을 요구하는 것보다는 재발방지를 위한 다짐, 지인에게 경고 등의 소극적인 행동을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2001

Cultural needs of human have grown enormously. Consumer trend and individual taste have become more individualistic and diversified. Efforts to improve the quality of life have changed the concept of lift space as well as the concept of interior life supplies. Products are no longer standardized and produced in massive scale, thus a shift of value has risen. Damages done by the economical development have made consumers take interests in products that are more natural and in harmony with human beings. It is a tendency that wooden materials are becoming a preference as a specific alternative. There is a great social change with a new paradigm like this. Considering the change, we propose a new vision and activation plan on design development of wooden products through specific and practical studies by the system of educational and industrial cooperation which is an organic association system for developing human resources of educational system and producing profits of industry. From it, we can expect great effects as a competitive design of coming future.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.265-282
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• 2000

Despite manufacturers' effort to provide safe and reliable products, a number of product-related accidents occur all over the world resulting in much damage to property, personal injury and even loss of life. Considerable evidence indicates that some accidents arise from user negligence, but most are due to the design, manufacture, and distribution of unreasonably dangerous products when compared to their use. As a result, a tremendous number of product liability lawsuits have been filed, many times causing huge amount of financial damages to manufacturers. Furthermore, with increasing government regulation and growing power of consumer lobbies, manufacturers might be more exposed to product liability claims in the future than now. The objectives of this study are twofold: to provide a framework of future research on product liability and safety and to introduce a product safety policy. To accomplish these objectives, previous studies on product liability and safety were reviewed thoroughly. The product safety policy consists of two parts: (1) an engineering design strategy for reducing product-related risks and (2) a management program for a product liability loss prevention plan. The policy is essential to preventing manufacturers' liability exposure as well as designing a safer product.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2005

A company is liable for its products and has the responsibility to make good on any loss or damage incurred by the user of its product. The purpose of the Product Liability Act(PLA) is to protect consumers against damage caused by defective products, and contribute to the safety of the citizen's life and the sound development of the national economy by regulating the liability of manufacturers, etc. for damages caused by the defectiveness of their products. In this study, the cognition levels of consumers and producers for PLA were surveyed. The cognition levels of four factors of acknowledgement, comprehension, necessity and impact for PLA were assessed. The results were as follows : i) Acknowledgement and comprehension levels of consumer were assessed low but they assessed necessity and impact of PLA high; ii) Producers assessed necessity and impact of PLA higher than their acknowledgement and comprehension levels; iii) Overall cognition levels of producers were higher than those of consumers.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2009

전자상거래는 1990년대 후반 이후부터 폭발적인 성장을 거듭해 가고 있다. 그러나 전자상거래의 비대면성과 익명성, 국제성, 일방성, 현혹가능성 등과 같은 특성으로 인하여 소비자의 피해가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 소비자보호를 위한 법 제도적 개선점을 다음과 같이 종합적으로 도출해 보았다. 첫째, 전자상거래소비자보호법상 청약철회권 행사기간을 연장할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 전자상거래는 비대면적으로 이루어지기 때문에 소비자가 착오를 일으킬 가능성이 높으며, 소비자가 자신의 착오를 입증하기가 용이하지 않으므로 사전에 착오가 발생하지 않도록 정확한 정보가 제공되도록 해야 한다. 셋째, 전자약관에 대한 인증마크 제도를 도입하여야 한다. 넷째, 소비자의 안전한 개인정보관리를 통한 개인정보유출과 이용에 대한 불안감이 없도록 법적, 제도적 그리고 기술적 대책이 강구되어야 한다. 다섯째, 인터넷 신뢰마크에 대한 엄격한 감독이 요구된다. 마지막으로 온라인 조정에 있어서 절차상 전송된 메시지나 문서에 대한 해킹 등을 통하여 제3자의 개입과 간섭이 있을 수 있으므로 당사자간의 명확한 인증을 통하여 시스템상에서의 보안성을 높일 필요가 있다.