• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2018

Objective: Since certain chemicals are widely applied in a variety of consumer products, exposure via simultaneous use of multiple consumer products can put human health at risk. For this reason, use patterns of consumer products are an important factor inhuman health risk assessment. The aim of this study is to investigate co-use patterns of air-fresheners and deodorizers in Korea in order to estimate potential cumulative exposure. Methods: To collect the information on use patterns of air-fresheners and deodorizers, ten air-fresheners and 14 deodorizers were selected. A total of 3,000 participants were recruited and asked through on line questionnaires whether they had simultaneously used the selected air-fresheners and deodorant products in their daily lives. Results: Among the 3,000 participants, 45.6% had used more than two air fresheners and 46.3% used more than two deodorizers. The most common types of air fresheners used concurrently include liquid and candle types for indoor environments, while those of deodorizers were fabric trigger sprays and refrigerator gels. In addition, 73.7% used more than two products without product categories. Fabric trigger sprays were contained in all of the high-ranking product combinations. Conclusions: This study showed that many consumers concurrently used air-fresheners and deodorizers in their daily routines. For accurate exposure assessment, co-use patterns of consumer products should be further investigated.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 1987

This paper was designated to review consumer complaining in the context of consumerism . For the purpose of this study, the literature in the consumer satisfaction/ dissatisfaction, complaining and noncomplaining behavior was reviewed. A conceptual approach to understanding why consumers complain or not when the dissatisfied was presented. It was suggested that regardless of how dissatisfied a consumer is , an action is taken or forgone only after the costs and benefits of the various alternative are considered and an assessment of the probabilities of success are made. It was suggested that aroused citizens through consumer education, government agency's effort to reduce the consumer's dissatisfaction and seller's marketing strategy in the view of consumerism are three main propositions for the enhancement of the consumer's quality of life in this study. Consumer complaining must be made in virtue of national economic systems( standard of living and the effectiveness of its marketing system, extent of government control and provision of consumer assistances) to achieve high levels of efficiency. Besides national economic systems. the third parties must be promoted for the efficient consumer complaining.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2009

Recently, it is becoming the big issue internationally where the safety problem of the industrial product including the foodstuffs. The way is able to construct the trust of the consumer that the external specialized agency independently operating confirms what production process of the product keep a standard or a technical regulation. This is conformity assessment. In the many countries, agencies entrusted government authority do conformity assessment. Specially, 'certification' in one form of conformity assessment process is operating a certification system at the government and the non-government body in Korea. Also non-government certification is fixed by trusted system from consumer. He has to prepare a competitive power in liberalization time, so need the countermeasure urgently. This study purpose that develops strategy so as to activating of non-government certification system in gist of the origination called 'self-control.' I present activation strategies using SWOT/AHP analysis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-168
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• 2000

The SERVQUAL scale is based on the gap theory, which indicates the difference between consumers' expectations and their actual performance. In SERVQUAL scale, the expectations are defined as a "feasible ideal point"(ex, An Excellent hospital has up-to-date equipment). But empirical research identified important problems concerning the conceptual definitions of expectations. They suggests the usage of "desired expectations". Desired expectations are defined as the level at which the consumer predict the service that the organization they visited will perform(ex, $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ hospital has up-to-date equipment). The purpose of this study was to compare the feasible ideal point expectations with desired expectations in assessment of consumer expectations using SERVQUAL scale. We developed two types of questionnaires : (1) to measure feasible ideal point expectations, (2) to measure desired expections. Questionnaire were distributed to ambulatory patients who used the medical service. Total 329 patients participated the hosiptal satisfaction questionnaire(167 for feasible ideal point expectations, 162 for desired expectations). The major finding is as follows: (1) the SERVQUAL scale which was computed by the feasible ideal point showed the higher explanatory power in consumer satisfaction ($R^2$=0.26) than the other identified alternatives(desired expectation, $R^2$=0.11) The results of a study suggests that the feasible ideal point were more conceptually suitable to assess of consumer satisfaction using SERVQUAL scale.SERVQUAL scale.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the country image, the pre-assessment, and the usage intention about overseas internet shopping mall service in china and how these factors are related to one another according to internet shopping mall using experience. And this study divided the country image for internet shopping mall service into two components : general country attribute and general service product attribute. In this study it is found that the country image of international internet shopping service is directly related to the pre-assessment, and the pre-assessment is related to usage intention especially in case that chinese consumer has a lot of internet shopping mall using experience. In the other case, the general country attributes affect the general service product attributes but the general service product attributes don't have any relationship with the pre-assessment. For a successful international internet shopping mall service business in China, marketer should recognize that it is important to formulate the policy extending the internet shopping mall experience as well as using the country image.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This study identified the use types of a home help service and the level of service quality and reviewed the extent of their effects on consumer satisfaction. As a result of measuring the service quality in terms of support, assurance, reliability, empathy and responsiveness, a high overall reliability was demonstrated in the service. The consumer satisfaction with the home help service was discovered as being high, in general. Meanwhile, with the female research participants, the lower the service fee was perceived to be, the higher the consumer satisfaction. The quality assessment items concerning support and reliability were found to be important variables which were influential on consumer satisfaction. Therefore, it has been shown to be imperative to prepare political alternatives regarding the development of the service standard in order to protect user's rights, offer relevant information, and ensure reliability in the home help service.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1070-1075
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• 2005

The evaluation items to assess the consumer needs are thought to be varied depending on their age, education and income. It should be noted that consumer needs are getting too diversified to notice them in time due to the rapid economic, social and cultural development. It is, therefore, considered improper to try to assess the level of consumer satisfaction and correct consumer needs by employing one evaluation method for the vastly diversified consumer types. This research is going to conduct a written questionnaire survey to the apartment dwellers in order to identify like dweller groups according to their age, income and education. Then the scope of personal characteristics of each group will be identified and the importance assessment model will be developed. Then the items on the POE will be weighted according to the assessed importance. Finally a method of developing the customer satisfaction index will be produced to quantify how much the consumers are satisfied with the project.

• Journal of Consumption Culture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-90
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• 2012

When consumers choose healthy foods, they base their buying decisions on health-related food labeling and quality assessment of taste, health, and price. Moreover, both purchase experience and opinions of family and friends affect consumer choices. Focusing on these points, this study examined the effects of health-related food labeling on consumer choices by adding two variables-quality assessment of taste, health, and price and purchase experience-to the model of the theory of planned behavior. We also used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. In the study, health-related food labeling includes organic labeling, nutrient claims, and food additive labeling. We conducted a mail survey among 300 married women who buy cheese slices for their children more than once a month. It was discovered that health-related food labeling positively affected the level of quality assessment of taste, health, and price, and consequently led to positive attitudes and purchase intentions. Particularly, health-related food labeling positively influenced attitude toward using products without assessing the quality of taste, health, and price. The level of quality assessment of price positively affected attitude toward using and purchasing products, and purchase experience positively affected attitude toward using and purchasing products, and purchase intentions. The relationship between attitude to purchasing products and purchase intentions was the most positive, and the relationship between perceived behavioral control and purchase intentions was not significant. Overall, this study essentially contributes to the development of a theoretical framework of food labeling and consumer choices, which includes quality assessment of taste, health, and price and purchase experience, by using the theory of planned behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.656-671
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• 2015

Discussions on sustainability in the fashion industry highlight the need for a holistic and strategic approach. This study investigated consumers' perception of fashion companies' sustainability and its relationship with value and perceived consumer effectiveness as well as with consumer trust, preference, and purchase intention. The assessment scale of fashion companies' sustainability was developed for this study and data were obtained from 645 consumers in their 20's to 60's in Korea. As a result, consumers' value and perceived consumer effectiveness had significant effects on consumers' perception of fashion companies' sustainability. Universalism, security/benevolence and perceived consumer effectiveness were variables that had significant effects on all four dimensions of sustainability. Consumer's perception of fashion companies' sustainability significantly influenced consumer trust, preference and purchase intention. Especially, environmental, societal, and cultural sustainability (rather than economic dimension) were shown to have a greater impact on consumers' trust, preference and purchase intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2011

This study investigates the influence of self-efficacy in purchasing clothes in the consumer satisfaction formation process. A survey was conducted on 300 adults living in the Seoul and Gyeonggi area and 231 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. The survey questionnaires measured the respondent's self-efficacy in purchasing clothes, expectation, perceived performance, expectation confirmation, and satisfaction level. The data were analyzed by moderated regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, for apparel products, perceived performance, and expectation confirmation have a direct effect on consumer satisfaction, while expectation has no direct effect on consumer satisfaction. This finding agrees with the results reported in a previous study on consumer goods with low ambiguity in assessing products and services including sneakers, underwear, cereals, and financial services. Second, the lower the self-efficacy in purchasing clothes, then the increased effect of the expectation confirmation that influences consumer satisfaction. However, the self-efficacy in purchasing clothes did not show any moderating effect on the perceived performance affecting the consumer satisfaction. The self-efficacy in purchasing clothes seems to have a moderating effect on the consumer satisfaction formation process by affecting the ambiguity in pre-purchase product assessment and not in post-purchase product evaluation.