• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.353-367
• /
• 2003

이 논문에서는 단조증가하중 하에서 철근콘크리트 전단벽의 수치해석을 위해 개발된 재료모델을 반복하중을 포함한 일반적인 하중 하에서의 구조 거동을 효과적으로 모사하기 위한 해석모델로 확장하여 제안하고 있다. 먼저 재료모델을 구성함에 있어 하중이력에 따라 인장과 압축이 교대로 작용하는 콘크리트는 기본적으로 회전균열모델을 따르는 직교이방성 재료로써 가정하였고, 직교하는 축에 대해 인장과 압축을 오가는 이력곡선을 중심으로 등가의 일축응력-변형률 관계를 정의하였다. 나아가 철근은 평균응력-변형률 개념을 통해 단조증가 상태의 응력-변형률 관계를 구성하였고, 역전된 반복하중으로 인해 발생하는 Bausc-hinger 효과를 고려하여 이력곡선을 정의하였으며, 전단 효과를 고려하기 위해 전단지간 비에 따라 기존에 제안된 이력곡선을 수정하였다. 특히 해석과정의 효율성을 도모하고 변형연화 거동특성 등 일반적인 하중-변위 평형경로를 갖는 철근콘크리트 구조물의 비선형 해석을 위해 arc-length 기법을 도입하였다. 또한 제안된 수치해석모델에 대한 효율성을 검증하기 위해 요소단위의 철근콘크리트 판넬 시험체와 대표적인 전단벽 시험체의 반복하중 이력에 따른 하중-변위 관계 등 전단에 의해 지배를 받는 구조체에 대한 해석 결과와의 비교가 이루어졌다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.531-545
• /
• 2015

Two fundamental issues exist in the damage theory of geo-material based on the concept of thermodynamics: existence or nonexistence of the dissipation potential, and whether the dissipation potential could be decoupled into a damage potential and a plastic one or not. Thermodynamics theory of elastoplastic damage assumes the existence of dissipation potential, but the presence of dissipation potential is conditional. Based on the dissipation inequality in accord with the second law of thermodynamics, the sufficient and necessary conditions are given for the existence of the dissipation potential separately in total and incremental forms firstly, and proved strictly in theory. With taking advantage of the basic mechanical properties of geo-materials, the nonexistence of the dissipative potential is verified. The sufficient and necessary conditions are also given and proved for the decoupling of the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total and incremental forms. Similarly, the non-decoupling of the dissipation potential has also been proved, which indicates the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total or incremental forms could not be decoupled into a dissipative potential for plasticity and that for damage respectively. The research results for the fundamental issues in the thermodynamics theory of damage will help establish and improve the theoretic basis of elastoplastic damage constitutive model for geo-materials.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2012

Decomposed granite soils are in a wide range of conditions depending on the degrees of weathering. This paper is intended to examine laboratory tests such as consolidation tests and conventional triaxial compression tests conducted in order to find out the mechanical properties of Cheongju granite soil. Along with the foregoing, the results of basic physical tests conducted in order to grasp the physical properties of Cheongju granite soil were described and based on the results, methods to calculate the mechanical parameters of numerical approaches using Lade's double surface work-hardening constitutive model were examined. Finally, it is intended to explain the stress properties of Cheongju granite soil used as a geotechnical material based on its shear behavior and critical state concept using the results of isotropic consolidation tests and triaxial compression tests. As a conclusion, it can be seen that in the relationship between confining stress and maximum deviator stress, the slope is maintained at a constant value of 2.95. In the drained CTC test, maximum deviator stress generally existed in a range of axial strain of 6~8% and larger dilatancy phenomena appeared when confining stress was smaller. Finally, based on the results of the CTC tests on Cheongju granite soil, although axial strain, deviator stress and pore water pressure showed mechanical properties similar to those of overconsolidated soil, Cheongju granite soil showed behavior similar to that of normally consolidated soil in terms of volumetric strain.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.569-583
• /
• 2015

Two fundamental issues exist in the damage theory of geo-material based on the concept of thermodynamics: existence or nonexistence of the dissipation potential, and whether the dissipation potential could be decoupled into a damage potential and a plastic one or not. Thermodynamics theory of elastoplastic damage assumes the existence of dissipation potential, but the presence of dissipation potential is conditional. Based on the dissipation inequality in accord with the second law of thermodynamics, the sufficient and necessary conditions are given for the existence of the dissipation potential separately in total and incremental forms firstly, and proved strictly in theory. With taking advantage of the basic mechanical properties of geo-materials, the nonexistence of the dissipative potential is verified. The sufficient and necessary conditions are also given and proved for the decoupling of the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total and incremental forms. Similarly, the non-decoupling of the dissipation potential has also been proved, which indicates the dissipation potential of geo-materials in total or incremental forms could not be decoupled into a dissipative potential for plasticity and that for damage respectively. The research results for the fundamental issues in the thermodynamics theory of damage will help establish and improve the theoretic basis of elastoplastic damage constitutive model for geo-materials.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제54권5호
• /
• pp.855-875
• /
• 2015

Many novel materials exhibit a property of different elastic moduli in tension and compression. One such material is graphene, a wonder material, which has the highest strength yet measured. Investigations on buckling problems for structures with different moduli are scarce. To address this new problem, firstly, the nondimensional expression of the relation between offset of neutral axis and deflection curve is derived based on the phased integration method, and then using the energy method, load-deflection relation of the rod is determined; Secondly, based on the improved constitutive model for different moduli, large deformation finite element formulations are developed and combined with the arc-length method, finite element iterative program for rods with different moduli is established to obtain buckling critical loads; Thirdly, material mechanical properties tests of graphite, which is the raw material of graphene, are performed to measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli, moreover, buckling tests are also conducted to investigate the buckling behavior of this kind of graphite rod. By comparing the calculation results of the energy method and finite element method with those of laboratory tests, the analytical model and finite element numerical model are demonstrated to be accurate and reliable. The results show that it may lead to unsafe results if the classic theory was still adopted to determine the buckling loads of those rods composed of a material having different moduli. The proposed models could provide a novel approach for further investigation of non-linear mechanical behavior for other structures with different moduli.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 1989

본문은 전단과정에서 경화되는 모래와 같은 재료의 구성식을 연구하기 위하여 그 기초실험으로서 이미 경화된 콘크리트를 대상으로 3주응력을 독립적으로 제어할 수 있는 입방체삼축추축실험기를 통해 여러가지 응력경로 실험을 실시한 것이다. 실험으로서는 HC, CTC, TC, TE, SS 등 5종이고 그 들의 응력-변형률관계와 강도특성을 8면체면에서 고찰한 것이다. 이들을 통한 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 경화재료에 대한 전단강도의 크기는 CTC, TC, SS, TE의 순서이다. 2. 8면체전단강도는 응력경로에 의존하고 3. 또한 등방응력이 클수록 좋다. 4. 8면체면에서 극한포락선은 원추형상이다. 5. 마찰성재료인 경화재료에 대해서는 인장강도의 영향을 고려해야 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.371-399
• /
• 2006

The theoretical background and capabilities of the developed program, SAR-CWF, for stochastic analysis of 3D reinforced-concrete shear wall-frame structures subject to seismic excitations is presented. Incremental stiffness and strength properties of system members are modeled by extended Roufaiel-Meyer hysteretic relation for bending while shear deformations for walls by Origin-Oriented hysteretic model. For the critical height of shear-walls, division to sub-elements is performed. Different yield capacities with respect to positive and negative bending, finite extensions of plastic hinges and P-${\delta}$ effects are considered while strength deterioration is controlled by accumulated hysteretic energy. Simulated strong motions are obtained from a Gaussian white-noise filtered through Kanai-Tajimi filter. Dynamic equations of motion for the system are formed according to constitutive and compatibility relations and then inserted into equivalent It$\hat{o}$-Stratonovich stochastic differential equations. A system reduction scheme based on the series expansion of eigen-modes of the undamaged structure is implemented. Time histories of seismic response statistics are obtained by utilizing the computer programs developed for different types of structures.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제28권A호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2008

Applicability of hyperbolic settlement prediction method to consolidation settlement in the dredged and reclaimed ground was assessed by analyzing results of centrifuge tests modelling self-weight consolidation of soft marine clay. From literature review about self-weight consolidation of soft marine clays located in southern coast in Korea, constitutive relationships of void ratio - effective stress - permeability and typical self-weight consolidation curves with time were obtained by analyzing centrifuge model experiments. For the condition of surcharge loading, exact solution of consolidation settlement curve obtained by using Terzaghi's consolidation theory was compared with results predicted by the hyperbolic method. It was found to have its own inherent error to predict final consolidation settlement. From results of analyzing thc self-weight consolidation with time by using this method, it predicted relatively well in error range of 0.04~18% for the case of showing the linearity in the relationship between T vs T/S in the stage of consolidation degree of 60~90 %. However, it overestimated the final settlement with large errors if those relation curves were nonlinear.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 재36권6호
• /
• pp.643-656
• /
• 2020

This article presents a comprehensive static analysis of simply supported cross-ply carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) laminated nanobeams under various loading profiles. The nonlocal strain gradient constitutive relation is exploited to present the size-dependence of nano-scale. New higher shear deformation beam theory with hyperbolic function is proposed to satisfy the zero-shear effect at boundaries and parabolic variation through the thickness. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as the reinforced elements, are distributed through the beam thickness with different distribution functions, which are, uniform distribution (UD-CNTRC), V- distribution (FG-V CNTRC), O- distribution (FG-O CNTRC) and X- distribution (FG-X CNTRC). The equilibrium equations are derived, and Fourier series function are used to solve the obtained differential equation and get the response of nanobeam under uniform, linear or sinusoidal mechanical loadings. Numerical results are obtained to present influences of CNTs reinforcement patterns, composite laminate structure, nonlocal parameter, length scale parameter, geometric parameters on center deflection ad stresses of CNTRC laminated nanobeams. The proposed model is effective in analysis and design of composite structure ranging from macro-scale to nano-scale.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.447-452
• /
• 2004

Vacuum interrupters in order to be used in various switch-gear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors, etc. spread the arc uniformly over the surface of the contacts. The electrodes of vacuum interrupters are made of sinter-forged Cu-Cr materials for good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Since the closing velocity is 1-2m/s and impact deformation of the electrode depends on the strain rate at that velocity, the dynamic behavior of the sinter-forged Cu-Cr is a key to investigate the impact characteristics of the electrodes. The dynamic response of the material at intermediate strain rate is obtained from the high speed tensile test machine test and at the high strain rate is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test. Experimental results from both quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests are interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of the electrodes. The impact characteristics of a vacuum interrupter are investigated with computer simulations by changing the amount of chromium content.