• 제목/요약/키워드: constitutional principles

검색결과 68건 처리시간 0.022초

국내외 전자파 취약계층의 인체보호 정책 분석 (Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Policies on Protecting Human Beings from EMF for Vulnerable Groups)

  • 신한철;안준오
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제26권8호
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    • pp.690-698
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문에서는 전파를 이용하는 기기의 확산에 따른 전자파 인체영향 정책 방향에 대하여 제안한다. 특히 해외 주요국에서 시행하고 있는 사전주의 원칙에 대한 개념과 이를 근거로 취약계층의 보호를 위하여 국제기준보다 강화된 인체보호기준을 적용하는 사례를 분석하였다. 또한, 최근 경기도의회에서 제정한 전자파 안심지대 조례에 대하여 헌법상 법률우위의 원칙, 법률 유보의 원칙 등에 위배되는 사실에 대하여 분석하였으며, 향후 국내에서 전자파 취약계층을 위한 법제도 정비 및 관련 정책 추진은 전파법에 근거하여 추진할 것을 제안한다.

저령차전자탕(猪苓車前子湯)의 기원(基源), 변천과정(變遷過程) 및 구조원리(構成原理) (The Origin, Changes and Compositive Principles of Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang)

  • 권오원;김배수;이지원;신승원;이의주
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.103-109
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    • 2016
  • Objectives This paper investigates the origin, the progressive changes and the constructive principles of Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang(猪苓車前子湯).Methods Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of their pathological indications, based on previous literature including 『Sanghannon(傷寒論)』, 『Keumkuaeyoryak(金匱要略)』, 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』, 『Donguisusebowon‧Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元‧四象草本卷)』, 『Donguisusebowon‧Gabogubon(東醫壽世保元‧甲午舊本)』, 『Donguisusebowon‧Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元‧辛丑本)』Results and Conclusions 1) The origin of Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang is discovered in the prescriptions for Lee-su(利水), that is, Jeoryoung-tang(猪苓湯). 2) Ohryoung-san(五苓散) introduced in 『Donguisusebowon‧Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元‧四象草本卷)』progressively transformed into Shihosaryoung-san(柴胡四苓散)(『Donguisusebowon‧Gabogubon(東醫壽世保元 ‧甲午舊本)』) and ultimately into Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang(『Donguisusebowon‧Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元‧辛丑本)』), a prescription appropriate for usage in the Mangeum symptomatology(亡陰證). 3) The Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang is composed of 10 herbs. Of these, Notopterygium incisum Ting(羌活), Aralia cordata Thunb.(獨活), Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.(荊芥), Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk.(防風) make the Pyoeum(表陰) drop, and Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.(知母), Gypsum fibrosum(石膏) scatter the uihwa(胃火), and Poria cocos Wolf.(茯苓), Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉), Polyporus umbellatus Fr.(猪苓), Plantago asiatica L.(車前子) facilitate urination.

인삼진피탕(人蔘陳皮湯)의 기원(基源), 변천과정(變遷過程) 및 구성원리(構成原理) (The Origin, Change of the Time and Constructive Principle of Insamjinpi-tang(人蔘陳皮湯))

  • 이한신;이준희;김달래;고병희;이의주
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.174-183
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    • 2011
  • 1. Objectives: This paper was written to understand the origin, changes and the constructive principles of Insamjinpi-tang(人蔘陳皮湯) 2. Methods: Insamjinpi-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of pathology, based on "Dongyisusebowon Chobongwon(東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Dongyisusebowon Gabobon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Dongyisusebowon Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)", "Donguisasangsinpyeon(東醫四象新編)" 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The origin of Insamjinpi-tang is Doksamyangbung-tang(獨蔘良崩湯), which is combination of Yijung-tang(理中湯), and Insamkeji-tang(人蔘桂枝湯) (2) The origin of Insamjinpi-tang was derived from Doksamyangbung-tang of "Dongyisusebowon Gabobon". Insamjinpitang greatly increases Ginseng Radix Alba(人參) when Insamjinpitang was compared with Yijung-tang, Insamkeji-tang. Insamjinpitang put to use Amomi Fructus(砂仁) newly first. (3) The Insamjinpitang composed of 5 herbs, Ginseng Radix Alba(人參), Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus(生薑), Citrus unshiu (陳皮), Zizyphus jujuba(大棗) and Amomi Fructus(砂仁); Ginseng Radix Alba(人參) and Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus (生薑) treat Taeumjeung(太陰證) of Soeumin(少陰人) through warming the Stomach(溫胃), Citrus unshiu(陳皮) makes the Yin(陰) downbearing, Zizyphus jujuba(大棗) making harmony between innerside and outerside of body and Amomi Fructus(砂仁) making stable one's mind.

진료수가제도의 헌법적 한계와 정액수가제의 위헌성 -헌법재판소 2020. 4. 23. 선고 2017헌마103 결정을 중심으로- (Constitutional Limits of the Medical Fee Payment System and the Unconstitutionality of Fixed Payment System)

  • 현두륜
    • 의료법학
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.69-105
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    • 2020
  • 의료보장제도에서 진료수가는 의료보장체계의 근간을 이루는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 국민건강보험법은 진료수가의 결정방식에 관하여 계약제를 채택하였고, 그 계약의 내용은 상대가치점수에 대한 점수당 단가를 정하는 것이다. 그에 따라 건강보험 요양급여비용은 매년마다 물가상승이나 경제 상황의 변화에 따라 조정된다. 반면, 의료급여의 경우, 의료급여법에서는 진료수가의 결정방식에 관한 내용을 규정하지 않고, 모든 사항을 보건복지부 장관에게 위임하고 있다. 그에 따라 보건복지부 장관은 2001년부터 혈액투석 치료에 관하여 정액수가제를 채택하고 있다. 이러한 혈액투석 정액수가제에 대해서 2017년 헌법소원이 제기되었고, 헌법재판소는 2020년 헌법소원 심판 청구를 모두 기각하였다. 이 글에서는, 위 헌법소원 사건을 중심으로 진료수가제도의 의미와 내용을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 헌법적 한계로 3가지 원칙을 제시한다. 그 원칙의 첫째는 법률유보의 원칙, 둘째는 포괄위임금지의 원칙, 셋째는 비례의 원칙이다. 그러한 관점에서 검토해 보면, 혈액투석 정액수가제는 상당히 위헌적인 제도로 판단된다.

사회복지법 관련 헌법재판소 판례 분석 : $1987{\sim}2004$년 헌법판례 현황과 내용을 중심으로 (Analysis on the Constitutional Judicial Precedents concerning the Social Welfare Law)

  • 정진경
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제58권1호
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    • pp.395-423
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 1987년 헌법재판소 출범이후 청구된 사회복지법 관련 헌법판례를 분석함으로써, 사회복지제도의 실시와 관련되어 어떠한 법생활적 갈등이 제기되고 있으며, 판결결과에서 나타난 헌법의 적용과 해석이 어떠하였는지를 고찰하고자 하였다. 분석에 활용된 헌법판례는 총 62건이었으며, 이 중 요건미충족 등으로 각하된 40건을 제외한 22건의 판례에 대해 내용분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 22건의 헌법재판 판례는 국민건강보험법 9건, 산업재해보상보험법 6건, 국민연금법 4건, 국민기초생활보장법 2건, 사외복지사업법 1건이었다. 판례의 주된 내용으로, 내용적 측면에서는 제도의 운영원리와 적용대상, 급여의 수준 및 급여수급 제한조건 사외복지서비스조직과 재정에 관련된 법률 규정들이 재산권과 평등권, 행복추구권 인간다운 생활 보장권 등의 기본권 침해와 관련된 판례가 주를 이루었다. 또한 절차적 측면에서는 권리구제절차 등이 재판청구권, 위임입법의 한계 등을 위배했는지의 여부를 심사하는 판례였다. 한편, 판결결과를 통해서 사외복지법과 관련된 우리나라의 헌법은 사회연대를 통한 복지국가주의와, 사회적 시장경제주의를 기본원리로 하여 사외복지제도의 시행을 제도보장으로 하고 있는 한편, 구체적인 제도시행의 내용에 있어서는 입법부와 행정부의 광범위한 재량을 인정하는 경향을 발견할 수 있었다.

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전염성 감염병에 대한 신속변증 시행을 위한 팔강복합증형 표준안 연구 (Studies on the Standard Measure of Compound Patterns of Eight Principles for Rapid Pattern Differentiation against Epidemic Contagious Diseases)

  • 지규용
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.147-154
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    • 2022
  • In order to secure practising rapid pattern(證, zheng) differentiation against acute infectious diseases like corona virus disease-19(COVID-19) showing rapid variation and contagion, a simplified classification of stages centering on the exterior-interior pattern identification with 2 step-subdivision by cold, heat, deficiency, excess pattern and pathogens is proposed. Pattern differentiation by compound patterns of 8 principles is made for the non-severe stage of general cold and the early mild stage of epidemic disease. Compound pattern's names of 8 principles about external infectious diseases are composed of three stages, that is disease site-characters-etiology. Based on early stage symptoms of fever or chilling etc., exterior, interior and half exterior and half interior patterns are determined first, and then cold, heat, deficiency, excess patterns of exterior and interior pattern respectively are determined, and then more concrete differentiation on pathogens of wind, dryness, dampness and dearth of qi, blood, yin, yang accompanied with constitutional and personal illness factors. Summarizing above descriptions, 4 patterns of exterior cold, exterior heat, exterior deficiency, exterior excess and their secondary compound patterns of exterior cold deficiency and exterior cold excess and so on are classified together with treatment method and available decoction for a standard measure of eight principle pattern differentiation.

형방지황탕(荊防地黃湯)의 기원(基源), 변천과정(變遷過程) 및 구성원리(構成原理) (The Origins, Changes, and Compositive Principles of Hyungbangjihwang-tang)

  • 류소현;이수현;박성욱;신승원;이의주
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2022
  • Objectives This paper investigates the origins, changes, and the constructive principles of Hyungbangjihwang-tang(荊防地黃湯). Methods Hyungbangjihwang-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of their pathological indications, based on previous literature including 『Gogeumuigam(古今醫鑑)』, 『Sanghannon(傷寒論)』, 『Uihagjeongjeon(醫學正傳)』, 『Donguisusebowon·Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元·四象草本卷)』, 『Donguisusebowon·Gabobon(東醫壽世保元·甲午本)』, 『Donguisusebowon·Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元·辛丑本)』. Results and Conclusions The origins of Hyungbangjihwang-tang can be seen in three sections depending on the classification of medicinal herbs. Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.(荊芥), Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk.(防風), Notopterygium incisum Ting(羌活), Aralia cordata Thunb.(獨活), and Plantago asiatica L.(車前子) originated from Hyungbangpaedok-san(荊防敗毒散) included in 『Gogeumuigam』. Poria cocos Wolf.(茯苓) and Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉) originated from Ohryoung-san(五苓散) included in 『Sanghannon』. Rehmannia glutinosa for hueichingensis(熟地黃) and Cornus officinalis S. et Z.(⼭茱萸) originated from Yukmijihwang-tang(六味地黃湯) included in 『Uihagjeongjeon』. Hyungbangpaedok-san was transformed into "Paedok-san" in 『Chobongwon(草本卷)』, Hyungbangpaedok-san in the 『Gabobon(甲午本)』 and 『Sinchukbon(辛丑本)』. Yukmijihwang-tang was mentioned as a Soyangin medicine in the 『Chobongwon』 and was later transformed into a Suhwagije-tang(水火旣濟湯) in 『Gabobon』. The meaning of Yukmijihwang-tang inherited in 『Sinchukbon』 as Dokhwaljihwang-tang and Hyungbangjihwang-tang. The medicinal herbs in Hyungbangjihwang-tang can be categorized in three sections by their functions, Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk., Notopterygium incisum Ting, Aralia cordata Thunb., and Plantago asiatica L. scatter the Pyohan(表寒) and make the Pyoeum(表陰) drop. Poria cocos Wolf.(茯苓) and Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉) make the Pyoeum(表陰) drop through Lee-su(利水). Rehmannia glutinosa for hueichingensis(熟地黃) and Cornus officinalis S. et Z.(⼭茱萸) tonify Shin-won(腎元). The each principles of medicinal herbs corresponds to the stage of the "Cold-related Diarrhea in Soyangin Spleen Cold-based Exterior Cold disease(少陽人 脾受寒表寒病 亡陰病 身寒腹痛亡陰證)".

국내 한의사의 팔강변증에 관한 인식 및 활용현황 조사 (An On-line Survey on the Perception and Usage of Korean Medicine Doctors about Pattern Identification of Eight Principles)

  • 배정현;박신형;이인선;김종원;전수형;강창완;지규용
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 2021
  • In order to increase the clinical value of an identification of patterns according to the eight principles (IPEP) in Korean medicine practice, The research on the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) of IPEP should comprehend the situation of clinical usage of IPEP practiced by Korean medicine doctors at first. Google survey form were emailed to Korean Medicine doctors registered in the Association of Korean Medicine on 04/15/2021 and the survey was closed at 04/22/2021. Data of 505 answered cases were analyzed by Frequency analysis, Chi-Square analysis, correlation analysis for understanding differences by groups. Out of 505 respondents, 57.6% have answered that they are using IPEP. It means that 42.4% of KM doctors don't use in the medical practice reversely in spite of fundamental diagnostic theory. The 64.7% respondents of no using IPEP presented their opinion about the theoretical problem that it is difficult to use because the concept of IPEP is ambiguous. And next, the 52.1% of the respondents expressed that there is no objective tools to measure and record the IPEP evidences in actual implementation. And 49.6% of the respondents also suggested that it is hard to trust and use IPEP similar to the previous comment. Even about 50% of the respondents are carrying out diagnosis and treatment using IPEP, it showed that there were several unsolved problems such as lack of understanding and practical tools or objective indicators for diagnosis of IPEP. Through the above results, the concept, usage, measurement requirements with indices and discriminant logic of IPEP were manifested as the main hopes of attending members of Korean medicine in the survey, so the IPEP CPG should make clear about these difficult but necessary assignment in the near future.

동무(東武) 이제마(李濟馬)의 태극심(太極心)에 대한 고찰(考察) (A Study about Great Absolute-Mind from Lee Je-Ma's Thoughts)

  • 강태곤;박성식
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2006
  • 1. Objectives The purpose of study is to find Lee Je-Ma's thoughts about Great Absolute-Mind in his writings. 2. Methods the concept of Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind versus preexisted Great Absolute-Mind is compared and analysed in this study. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) Lee Je-Ma composed his Great Absolute-Mind based on its concept of the science of divination, Confucianism and medicine. However his Great Absolute-Mind is rooted in preexisted meaning, it was disputed desides the controversy between the science of divination, Confucianism and medicine. For this reason, Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind is such an originative concept unable to be explained with a simple substitution this concept for the preexisted one of the science of divination, Confucianism and medicine. (2) Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind is the human being itself and it can include the humanity from human being itself. (3) There are not only physical meaning of heart but also abstract metaphysical concept of heart included in Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind. (4) The talent for comprehending principles is organically connected with the ability to attain their will. And the talent and ability is devided into Two Modes(兩儀) like Mind & Body(心身), Perception & Action(知行) and Nature & Emotion(性情). (5) The supervision of Lee Je-Ma’s Great Absolute-Mind affects physical part of body as well as spiritual part and is not devided into two but one. (6) The source of the supervision is rooted on Lungs Spleen liver Kidney(肺脾肝腎), Sasang(四象), even though it exists in the Great Absolute-Mind. So Sasang(四象), which is Lungs Spleen Liver Kidney(肺脾肝腎), is organically related to the Great Absolute-Mind in its effect and origin.

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소양인(少陽人) 신정처방(新定處方)의 형성과정(形成課程)에 대(對)한 고찰(考察) (A Study About the Formative Process of So Yang-In(少陽人)'s prescriptions)

  • 서웅;송정모
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.213-243
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    • 1997
  • After studying about the formative process and theory concerning So-Yang In(少陽人)'s prescriptions, Some principles were founded. Those were summarized as follows. 1. Lee Jae Ma(李濟馬) established the theory and remedy about the So Yang In's diseases, and the formation of So Yang In's prescriptions was based on those theories and remedies 2. As the emprical prescription of So Yang In's diseases, ten pre-scriptions of Discussion of Cold-Induced Disorder(傷寒論) and nine of Won Myung dynasty period(元明時代) were described in Dong Eui Su-Se Bo Won(東醫壽世保元), and I could confirm that the formation of So Yang In's presciptions was based on those emprical prescriptions. 3. The pathological characteristics of emprical prescriptions of So-Yang In's diseases in Discussion of Cold-Induced Disorder(傷寒論) were completely corresponded with the principle of So Yang In's diseases, and we could know that emprical presciptions of diseases that were the base of So Yang In's prescriptions were selected by the principle of So Yang In's diseases. 4. In the serious cases of So Yang In's diseases, So Yang In's pre-scriptions were mostly made up of tonifying and nourishing yin medicine(補陰藥物) that dirrectly rufill the damaged Eum Chung Zi Ki(陰淸之氣). According to the above results, it could be concluded that Lee Jae-Ma(李濟馬) made So Yang In's prescriptions with emprical pre scri-ptions that were based on the theory of So Yang In's diseases and concluded that So Yang In's prescriptions were made up of tonifying and nourishing yin medicine(補陰藥物) in the serious cases of diseases.

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