• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.288-292
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• 2009

A crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin, and cementum. The fractures may be grouped according to pulpal involvement into uncomplicated and complicated. Generally a vertically crown-root fractured tooth must be extracted. However, it should be mentioned that the cases have been reported where bonding of the coronal fragment has led to consolidation of the intraalveolar part of the fracture. Definitive conservative therapy comprises one of four treatment alternatives; fragment removal only, fragment removal with gingivectomy, orthodontic extrusion of apical fragment, and surgical extrusion of apical fragment. The choice is primarily determined by the exact information on the site and the type of fracture, but the cost and the complexity of treatment can also be decisional factors. On the other hand, intentional replantation of the teeth with vertical root facture reconstructed with resin bonding has emerged as a new promising method in recent years. This case presents an intentional replantation of the crown-root fractured maxillary central incisor reconstructed with resin bonding. However, an obvious increase of radiolucency was observed after 4 months and the tooth was re-fractured after 16 months.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2009

Background: Benign teratoma is mostly asymptomatic, but this tumor rarely ruptures into the adjacent structure such as the pleural space, pericardium, lung parenchyma or tracheobronchial tree. Thus, it is important to differentiate ruptured teratoma from unruptured teratoma. This study evaluated the difference between ruptured and unruptured benign teratoma. Material and Method: Twenty-four cases of surgically resected benign teratomas were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical symptoms, chest CT findings and operative findings of the ruptured teratoma were compared with those of the unruptured teratoma. Especially, the tumor size, wall thickness, location of the mass, internal septation, homogeneity, calcification and ancillary findings were evaluated on CT. Result: Of the 24 patients, 7 patients were diagnosed with ruptured teratoma. Severe symptoms were more commonly found for ruptured teratoma than for unruptured teratoma. The ruptured teratoma had a tendency to display calcification and such ancillary findings as collapse or consolidation of the lung parenchyma. For the ruptured teratoma, the resection was performed by sternotomy or thoracotomy, and more lung resection was included. Conclusion: Calcification within the mass and changes in the lung parenchyma on the preoperative CT findings can be diagnostic signs of a ruptured teratoma. The demonstration of ruptured teratoma is important not only for making the early diagnosis, but also for the surgical planning.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2010

IT Systems based on Global Single Instance (GSI) can manage a corporation's internal information, resources and assets effectively and raise business efficiency through consolidation of their business process and productivity. But, It has also dangerous factor that IT system fault failure can cause a state of paralysis of a business itself, followed by huge loss of money. Many of studies have been conducted about fault-tolerance based on using redundant component. The concept of fault tolerance is rather simple but, designing and adopting fault-tolerance system is not easy due to uncertainty of a type and frequency of faults. So, Operational fault management that working after developed IT system is important more and more along with technical fault management. This study proposes the fault management process that including a pre-estimation method using TRM (Technical Reference Model) check point and event rule engine. And also proposes a effect of fault-free process through built fault management system to representative company of Hi-tech industry. After adopting fault-free process, a number of failure decreased by 46%, a failure time decreased by 56% and the Opportunity loss costs decreased by 77%.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.275-301
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• 2016

Attentional blink (AB) refers to the phenomena where conscious report for a target (T2) subsequent to the first target (T1) in a stream of items under rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) becomes difficult if the T2 follows no later than 500ms after the T1. The present study examined the effect of T1 visibility on T2 AB strength according to the bottleneck account proposing that the amount of allocated resources for T1 memory consolidation determines the strength of AB against T2. In the low-visibility condition, the T1 had a gray color for a low stimulus contrast against the black background whereas had a bright and saturated color in the high-visibility condition. In both visibility conditions, the T1 was also highly distinct from the remaining distractors. A multi-RSVP method was also used for increasing location uncertainty of the targets supposedly consuming on average attentional resources for the targets. Two experiments revealed that AB strength was more intense in the low-visibility than high-visibility condition, and the pattern of difference went more pronounced if T2 visibility was improved. The results indicate that T1 visibility can affect more strongly when attentional resources are relatively lacking for resolving the T1 bottleneck, and support for the bottleneck account proposing that the level of T1's visibility can determine the intensity of the T1 bottleneck.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2006

Objectives : It is difficult to place implants at a severely atrophied edentulous mandible because of vertical and horizontal alveolar defect. The autogenous and allogenic bone graft and guided bone regeneration are useful, but there are some limitations such as the resorption and infection of the grafted bone, and insufficiency of soft tissue. Distraction osteogenesis has recently evolved a challenging technique to overcome major draws of conventional augmentation procedures, we, therefore, report the four applications of implant placement after vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis. Patients and Methods : Four patients(all female, mean age: $60{\pm}6$ years) with severe alveolar ridge deficiencies at their anterior mandible were treated with vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis by intraoral device(Track 1.5, 15 mm model, KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) and placement of implants (Branemark MK III, TiUnite). After the latency periods of 5, 7, 8 days, distraction rhythm and rate were $0.5\;mm{\times}2\;times/day$ in the case of good bone quality, and $0.25\;mm{\times}3\;times/day$ in the case of poor bone quality. After consolidation periods of mean fifteen weeks, five implants for each patients were placed at the interforaminal area. Results : On average, a vertical gain of $11.38{\pm}1.38\;mm$ was obtained by distraction. And all distraction zone showed complete ossification by panoramic radiography. There were no postoperative complications other than numbness of lower lip in one case. Total twenty implants in four patients were placed and their outcomes were satisfactory. Conclusion : It is a useful method to place five implants after vertical distraction osteogenesis of the severely atrophied mandible for the implant-supported fixed prosthesis.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2003

This study analyzed descriptions about dots, lines, and sides which are used as a basic elements to express geometric figures as followings: -In the aspect of formative art, dots form images and feelings through their concurrence when make a slight move to coordinates. The concurrence can bring out either positive or negative images; -Lines have unlimited variation as a core measure in body art. They can make optimal effects with different lines such as straight and curved lines of human body; -Sides express not only effects of texture and perspective but also of space and solid by color effects. Expressive characteristics and geometric shapes can be classified by tattoo, henna and body painting: First, colorful tattoos are favored by Caucasian and original tattoos are mostly used by yellow and colored races in the way of scarification to get decorative effects. Recently, a rapid cycle of fashion change in tattoo figures has developed a tentative method of tattooing and a variety of decoration methods. It has made it a lot easier to change a pattern of a tattoo. Tattoos are now popular among people because they no longer have to suffer from pains when they get their body tattooed for a long time. Since tattoos boast their unique beauty which consists of most dynamic and attractive images among the types of body art. It will be one of the most favored make-up methods in the nearest future. Second, geometric designs used in henna include crosses, dots, straight lines, triangles, date palms, and so on. Henna has been particularly loved as an instant decoration by the public since it gradually disappears as time goes on. Third, body painting enables to draw a three-dimensional effect because of its close relation with body movements in a limited space. Each individual will have a different feeling appealed in their body painting. Body painting has been applied to many different areas, especially to theatrical art using lights, music and performance altogether producing impromptu and experimental works. Unlike other arts such as painting, sculpture, visual and industrial arts, body painting has mobility. Since it is painted on a three-dimensional human body, it can bear originality expressing realistic objects or animals and strengthen creative functions using body lines. Moreover, geometric designs can be diversified by the sexes. As a result of analysis, geometric designs expressed in body art seemed to transcend expressions of beauty and turned out to be another way of decoration. Body art has also been used as a way to express visual integration and consolidation dynamically not by human instinct but by social changes. The needs for body art will grow as the future comes nearer and be recognized as a new and fresh value. Formative elements of geometric figures deliver visual impressions combined with human body and finally create more various types of body art in harmony of body lines.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-119
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• 1989

In the present, since a five-year plan for economic development which was started in the early 60's has been successfully promoted for a quarter century, with consolidation in a department of social welfare in our country the participation. in economic society for women is more required than any other times. As a professional occupation for women is incereaing through a high-standard specialization, I think the upbringing for productive woman expert who has a strong motive of accomplishment as a developed person as well as a technical and skilful capacity which can be contributed to the growth of organization is very important. So in this study, I am evaluating the technical disposition of character of professional nurses working with hospital and also trying to supply the basic data being served to th extension of a skillful ability as a nurse, understanding the important factor related to it. The research method applied here is that we used 527 of formed questionnaires which were distributed to 7 University and General Hospitals, somewhat large in a scale, located in Seoul as an analytical material. It was performed between October 11, 1988 and October 18, 1988. An implement which was invented by Cho Moo-Sung is used after being amended and supplemented, which can measure the disposition of professional character. The formation of questionnaires of the disposition of character is 26 totally, 10 for Open-disposition, 11 for Active-disposition, 5 for wise-disposition, and it was measured. 'Ye', or 'No' through an one-half-standard and the environment of hospital organization is composed 12 questions from one point of 'Very Good' to 5 points of 'Very Bad.' Collected materials were analysed through an electronic calculation into the average value, the standard deflection, percentage, person correlative number, $X^2-test, m$ stepwise multiple regression. Summarizing the result from this research is as follows; 1. The average age of the subjective person of this investigation is 28.6 and the average career as a nurse is 6.0 years. 2. The Open-disposition that technical nurses showed is mostly half and half. 3. The Active-disposition of professional nurses was discovered affirmative largely and what they said in their questionnaires describes that they are very active answering $88.2\%$ for the disposition of self-control, $87.3\%$ for the people who think the training more seriously. 4. It was found out that the wise·disposition of technical nurse showed $90.7\%$ of 'Yes' about a new alternative of inquisitive question and we can see a progressive and profound aspect here. 5. As technical character of nurses, mutual relations between Active-disposition, Active-disposition, and wise­disposition were very profitably revealed as 0.42 in justice relations and also suggested that relations between Open-disposition, Active-disposition, and wise-disposition are 0.27 and 0.20 respectively. 6. What nurses recognize about the environment of hospital organization is reasonably acceptable while they feel very bad about rewards and punishments showing average 3.1 comparing to average 2.2 about time­control each other. Considering the prosperity of Active-disposition upon the result what I mentioned above, th possibility which is contributed to the productive improvement of hospital organization is very great and I think it can be more developed as a professional woman who has a strong motive of accomplishment, in advance.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2020

The bird track fossil site in Haman Formation is divided into seven sedimental layers by the sedimentary structures, lithofacies and sequences. The bird tracks top on the highest layer, which includes ripple marks and suncracks. The layer has lithofacies with reddish grey siltstone and dark grey mudstone, alternately. As an analysis for the same rocks of the fossil site, physical properties show on mean values for 0.62% of absorption rate, 1.64% of porosity and 2.63 of specific gravity. Rock-forming minerals composed mainly of plagioclase, quartz, calcite, chlorite and mica. Meanwhile, we executed an experiments based on the petrography and weatherings to find a proper consolidants. In the experiments, the OH 100 reagent proved stable aspect and the lowest transition rate in terms of weight and chromaticity. Also, it showed the highest increase in ultrasonic velocity, improving the physical properties of the rocks. In the case of applying the OH 100 with antihygro, an swelling inhibitors on the sedimentary rocks, the chromaticity indicated an stable transition aspect. When it comes to the physical properties, the antihygro also decreases the porosity effectively. Thus, the most proper method for the fossil site of Haman Formation is to apply antihygro and OH 100 reagents since the rocks includes clay minerals that show swelling characteristics. However, this result is deduced from an indoor application experiments, leaving the necessity of verification how these reagents would affect the bird tracks site under the field condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.113-134
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• 2001

This study was carried out with an objective to prepare the framework of conformity for the 21st century modern fashion, which is interactive with mankind, based on a position that the 21st century contemporary fashion with its amalgamating trend of diversified artistic forms may not be elucidated on a standpoint centering on one certain modality. The hybrid fashion trend of historical modality which provides freedom and satisfaction in creation of an individuals expressive power in expressing true desire of mans inside through man-centered thought of the times has made multifarious motives of the past and present fragmentary. It thus extracts inner divisions and the concept of consolidation through three-dimensional form. Modern fashion is newly interpreted by the material and details of high technologies. and is harmonized by mix and match with various expressions. By having it, it is being expressed together with many types of dresses and ornaments. Modern fashion is being expressed together with many types of dresses and ornaments by new interpretations with the material and details of high technologies and by being harmonized with mix and match with various expressions. The hybrid fashion design trend of regional elements formed by stimuli and contacts of diverse local culture by globalization of network that was achieved by scientific technologies of the contemporary information society has disintegrated varied boundaries in the conventional culture by the latest communication technology-new media on the basis of newly created culture. The fact that regional elements could be expressed as if they were interrelated without each being deprived of originality may be explained with an interpretation on pluralism. The hybrid fashion design trend of cultural aspect, which manifests in the background of scientific technological culture as it transcends the societal-cultural boundaries based on the de-centralization theory of Frederic Jameson, has supplemented the imperfect meanings through conversional correlation with other forms and internal program changes. The middle stratal and polyhedral characteristics are seen as each cultural element is dismantled and reassembled by application of 'multiple-time point expression'. Design forming method is not to bring destruction from outside, but to embrace instability and chaos through radical dismantling of the inside. and to pursue diversity and openness. Thus. it is implemented by an approach that takes the role of design process. In communication of discontinuity, continuity was dismantled through forms of mixing, overlap, perversion, insertion and coincidence.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2012

The strength of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites is, in general, known to be increased by the geometrically necessary dislocations punched around a particle that form during cooling after consolidation because of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the particle and the matrix. An additional strength increase may also be observed, since another type of geometrically necessary dislocation can be formed during extensive deformation as a result of the strain gradient plasticity due to the elastic-plastic mismatch between the particle and the matrix. In this paper, the magnitudes of these two types of dislocations are calculated based on the dislocation plasticity. The dislocations are then converted to the respective strengths and allocated hierarchically to the matrix around the particle in the axisymmetric finite-element unit cell model. The proposed method is shown to be very effective by performing finite-element strength analysis of $SiC_p$/Al2124-T4 composites that included ductile failure in the matrix and particlematrix decohesion. The predicted results for different particle sizes and volume fractions show that the length scale effect of the particle size obviously affects the strength and failure behavior of the particle-reinforced metal matrix composites.