• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.319-334
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• 2019

본 연구는 삼각함수와 관련된 과제를 통해 고등학교 학생들의 함수 개념 이해 정도를 Hitt(1998)의 층위 분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 우선 학생들의 함수 이해 정도를 층위 분석을 통해 단계를 구분한 후 이해 관점을 과정과 대상 관점으로 다시 분류하였다. 그 결과 고등학교 학생들의 함수 개념 이해의 정도 층위는 3단계에서 불완전성을 보였다. 그리고 함수의 이해의 관점은 그래프 해석에서 과정 관점이 주를 이루고 있으며 대수적 표상의 조작이 중요시되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 삼각함수를 다양한 관점으로 이해할 수 있는 교수-학습 방법에 대한 연구와 함께 문제 해결과 그에 따른 표상 체계 사이의 일관성이 유지되는 함수 개념 이해 층위 5단계에 도달할 수 있는 수업모델의 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

This study examines Dalibor Vesely's theoretical proposition of communicative space and tries to develop it through a review of the contemporary architectural case. Vesely poses a critical question about communication: how do the situational conditions of our everyday life and the spatial characteristics of the natural world in which we live communicate through representation. He emphasizes the spatial and situational conditions and the role of representation in communication, arguing that architecture should create the formation of communicative space to restore its primary role as the corporeal foundation of culture. This study thus focuses on one of the critical concepts of his theory: "the communicative movement," which is, according to him, ontological and situational because it animates and transforms human circumstances as a whole. Further, it pursues some practical knowledge of creating the communicative space, by examining the design theory and practice of Zaha Hadid, who thematizes communication and movement in her architectural approach. This study analyses the different levels of representation and modes of movement in her architectural space to reveal the possibilities and limits of its communicative roles. We will find that the representation of Hadid's architectural space is not the formal representation of reality, but a mathematical and projective representation of abstract concepts. Despite its apparent aesthetic consistency, the inward and self-referential relation between the individual elements of the architectural space reveals its limit for the communicative space.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2022

Objective: In the present study, to determine the extent of academic stress and pain from sitting for a long time, we will use a questionnaire to examine the effects of non-face-to-face stress and back pain on college students who have conducted non-face-to-face lectures. Design: Survey research Methods: A questionnaire was conducted using Naver foam to identify academic stress, attitude and time to listen to lectures, and the extent of back pain for college students who are experiencing non-face-to-face lectures. Outcome measures include the scale of academic stress (SAS), the Numeric rating scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI Korea version) was implemented. The difference in academic stress was analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA, and the correlation between academic stress and back pain was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. In order to examine the academic stress, consistency, and stability, the reliability of the academic stress items was measured by examining the reliability with the Cron-Bach alpha coefficient. Allstatistical significance levels were α=0.05. Results: According to the general characteristics of the subject, there were no statistically significant results compared to gender (P<0.05), but the higher the grade, the higher the stress index, the higher the level of pain. Conclusions: This study confirmed that non-face-to-face lectures caused by COVID-19 have increased academic stress and the resulting increase in back pain in college students.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2023

Background: To improve the support low-income individuals' medical expenses, it is necessary to think about ways to enhance the Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program. This study proposes expanding support criteria and changing the income standard. Methods: This study conducted simulations using national data from the National Health Insurance Service. Simulations performed for people who have used health services (n=172,764) in 2022 to confirm the Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program's size based on changes to the subject selection criteria. Results: As a result of the simulation with expanded criteria, the expected budget was estimated to increase between Korean won (KRW) 13.2 (11.5%) and 138.6 billion (37.4%), and the number of recipients increased between 41,979 (48.9%) and 150,317 (76.1%). The results of the simulation for the change in income criteria (applied to health insurance levels below the 50th percentile) estimated the expected budget to increase between KRW -8.9 (-7.8%) and 55.6 billion (15.0%) and the number of recipients to increase between -8,704 (-10.1%) and 41,693 (21.1%) compared to the current standard. Conclusion: The 2023 Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program's criteria were expanded as per the 20th Presidential Office's national agenda to alleviate the burden of medical expenses on the low-income class. In addition, The Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program needs to be integrated with other medical expense support policies in the mid- to long-term, and a foundation must be prepared to ensure the consistency of each system.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2024

This retrospective case series assessed the effectiveness of commercially available oral fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treating chronic enteropathies in eight animals, five dogs, and three cats, between 2020 and 2023 at the Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Chronic enteropathies, often resistant to conventional therapies, present a significant challenge in veterinary medicine. To assess oral capsule FMT's effectiveness (Doggybiome^® one capsule daily for dogs and Kittybiome^® one capsule daily for cats) as a universal adjunctive therapy for chronic enteropathies across species not responding to traditional treatments. This retrospective case series applied a uniform evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms and treatment efficacy, utilizing established scoring systems (Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index [CIBDAI] and Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index [CCECAI] for dogs, Feline Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index [FCEAI] for cats) before and one month after FMT. This approach ensured consistency in hypothesis testing across the study population. Results revealed significant improvements in clinical indices post-FMT, with notable reductions in the CIBDAI, CCECAI, and FCEAI scores (p < 0.05). Additionally, symptoms such as anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss showed marked improvement, with normalization of appetite and activity levels observed in most cases. No adverse effects were reported, indicating the safety and tolerability of this treatment. This study highlights the potential of oral capsule FMT as a viable therapeutic option for dogs and cats with chronic enteropathies unresponsive to conventional treatments, providing a new avenue for clinical management. Further research is warranted to expand these findings and explore the microbiome changes associated with FMT in veterinary patients.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.405-418
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• 2023

The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of the defatted wheat germ flour (DWGF) alone or in combination with xanthan gum (XG) as egg yolk substitutes in mayonnaise formulation. In this research, DWGF was used at different levels (0, 25, 75 and 100%) alone or in combination with the XG (0.2%) as egg substitutes. The effects of these substitutions on the stability, textural and rheological characteristics of mayonnaise were investigated. According to the results, DWGF can be used as an egg yolk substitute in mayonnaise. Combining DWGF and XG as egg yolk substitute, improved the stability, textural and rheological properties. Mayonnaise with 100% egg yolk replacement showed the hardest structure, while the lowest firmness value was obtained in the control containing 100% egg yolk. Also, the highest adhesiveness value occurred in the sample with 100% DWGF. The thixotropic behavior was observed for all investigated mayonnaise samples over the all ranges of the studied shear rate (0.05-450/sec). Furthermore, the highest content of consistency coefficient value was observed in the sample with 100% DWGF and 0.2% XG. Therefore, it can be concluded that low-cholesterol mayonnaise with proper stability, textural and rheological characteristics are achievable by applying of the desirable combination of DWGF and XG.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2001

키토산을 각각 0% (Co), 0.05%(A), 0.1%(B), 0.3%(C), 0.5%(D)의 비융로 침가하여 백설기를 제조하여 키토산 첨가에 따른 백설기의 품질특성과 저장성을 조사하였다. 백설기의 품질특성은 pH, 수분함량, 색상, 기계적 texture를 측정하고 관능검사를 행하였으며 백설기의 저장성은 $5^{\circ}C 와 25^{\circ}C$. 에서 저장중 생균수의 변화를 조사하였다. 키토산을 첨가하지 않은 대조구의 pH는 5.65로 산성 올 나따낸 편이나 키토산 첨가군은 모두 pH 7청도로 높은 편이었으며 수분함량은 38-40%로서 시료간에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 백셜기의 색상은 대조군의 명도 (L치)가 84.28, 적색도(a치)가 -1.56, 황색도(b치)가 7.68 이었으며 키토산의 증가에 따라 명도, 적색도, 황색도 모두 증가하는 경향이었고 $\Delta$E(색채)는 대조군에 비해 모든 군에서 차이를 나타내었으나 유의차는 볼 수 없었다. Texture 측정결과, 응집성(Cohesiveness)과 탄성 (Springness)은 대조군이 가장 높았으며 검성과 부서짐성 은 대조군에 비해 키토산의 챔가 함량이 중가할 수록 중가하는 경향을 나다내였다 관능검사결과, 대조군이 색상, 삼킨후의 느낌, 총합팽가에서 유의적으로 높았으며 향파 부드러운 정도는 유의적 차이가 없었고 촉촉한 정도는 키토산 첨가군이 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 접수를 얻었다(p<0.05). 떡의 저장직전의 생균.수는 대조구에서 $4.2\times102$C CFU/g이었으며 키토산 을 0.05 -0.1 % 첨가한 경우에는 대쪼구와 큰 차이가 없었으나 0.3-0.5% 첨가한 ;경우에 는 대조구보다 0.5 -1.0 log cycle 낯은 생균수 이었다 $5^{\circ}C$에서 4주일간 저장했윷 때 대조구는 저장 2주일까지 생균수의 증가를 냐타니}어 $8.1\times105$CFU/g에 도달한 후 $1.8\times104$CFU/g 으로 감소하였으며 키토산 첨가구는 0.3% 이상외 키토산 침가구는 대조구보다 1.9 log cycle 이상 낮은 생률수를 유치하였다 백성기를 20t에 l주일간 저장했을 때 대조구의 생균수는 108 많D/g 이상에 도짤하였으나 0.3%의 키토산 첨가구는 106_107 앉D/g에 도짤하였다 키토산 첨가 백설기의 Shelf~life는 $5^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 모두 대조구에 비하여 연장되는 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

본 연구는 하계기온 및 질소시용이 orchardgrass 그루터기의 저장탄수화물과 섬유소함양에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 냉해가 심했던 1980년과 하고현상이 심했던 1984년의 자료를 비교 검토할 목적으로 수행되었는데 orchardgrass 그루터기에 있어서 탄수화물함양과 NDF, ADF 및 hemicellulose의 함양을 대상으로 비교분석하였다. 1. Orchardgrass 그루터 기의 수용성탄수화물함량은 서늘한 계절에 축적되었고 고온기간에 감소하였다. 그리고 생육을 개시한후 신엽발생시 감소한 다음 생육이 진전됨에 따라 증가하였다. 2. 여름철 orchardgrass 그루터기의 저장탄수화물함양은 냉해가 심했던 년도가 하고가 심했던 년도의 두배정도 높았고, 저장속도가 더 빠르게 나타났다. 그리고 저장탄수화물함양은 질소시용에 의하여 낮은 경향을 나타냈으나 유의차는 없었다(p<. 05). 3, 여름철 orchardgrass 그루터기의 DNF, ADF 및 hemicellulose함양은 냉해가 심했던 년도와 하고가 심했던 년도간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러고 질소시비수준에 의해서도 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 4. 여름철 시비수준별 orchardgrass 그루터기의 탄수화물함양과 NDF, ADF 및 hemicellulose함양과의 상관관계는 냉해가 심했던 년도에는 모두 부의 상관관계 경향을 나타났으나 하고가 심했던 년도에는 일관성이 없었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2001

This study is based on the uses meta-analysis methodology to examine the statistical consistency and importance of random variation among results of epidemiologic studies between air pollutants exposure and childhood asthma. Studies for this meta-analysis were conducted by reviewing previous results and by asking researcher active in this field for recommendations. Overall, 10 cases of air pollutants exposures and childhood asthma were reviewed. A variety of statistical methods for meta-analysis have been used to assess the combined effects, to identify heterogeneity, and to provide a single summary risk estimate based on a set of simiar epidemiologic studies. In this study, classification of exposure metircs on air environmental epidemiologic studies are reported for (1) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 50 ppb increase SO$_2$(6 individual studies); (2) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 50 ppb increase NO$_2$(5 individual studies); (3) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 50 ppb increase $O_3$(7 individual studies); (4) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$increase PM$_{10}$ (4 individual studies); (5) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 1 ppm increase CO (2 individual studies); and (6) comparison of results between a Korean study results and this meta-analytic study. Results of this study indicated that an inverse-variance weighted pooling of the hospital admission risk at a 1ppm increment of CO levels was 1.12% (95% CI : 1.01 ~ 1.24). The hospital admission risk was estimated to increase 5% (95% CI : 1.02~1.08), 6%(95% CI : 1.04~1.09), and 5% (95% CI : 1.02~1.09) with each 50ppb increase of SO$_2$, NO$_2$, and $O_3$, respectively. In addition, our results lead to a small but significant elevation in risk of 2% (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01~1.04) with each 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$increase of PM$_{10}$ among 4 individual studies. We found a small elevation in risk of childhood asthma, and pooled results of 10 epidemiologic studies of childhood asthma using increase a cut-off-point levels of air pollutants showed a few pieces of evidence. The results of this meta-analysis suggested that air pollution associated with an increased incidence of childhood asthma. According to this study, relationship between exposure to air pollutants and childhood asthma in Korea seem to be high than results of this meta-analysis.sis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권6호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2012

A 55-year-old woman was admitted for an elevated serum carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) level, and a left pleural effusion, which were detected at a routine health examination. Computed tomography of the chest was performed upon admission, revealing extensive bilateral paratracheal and mediastinal lymph node enlargement with a massive left-sided pleural effusion. Subsequent analysis of the pleural fluid demonstrated consistency with an exudate, no evidence of malignant cells, and a normal adenosine deaminase. However, the pleural fluid and serum CA-125 levels were 2,846.8 U/mL and 229.5 U/mL, respectively. A positron emission tomography did not reveal any primary focus of malignancy. Finally, a surgical mediastinoscopic biopsy of several mediastinal lymph nodes was performed, revealing non-necrotizing granulomas, consistent with sarcoidosis. After a month of treatment of prednisolone, the left pleural effusion had resolved, and after 2 months the serum CA-125 level was normalized.