• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.480-486
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• 2015

The adhesion of tissue and organ occur with frequency after surgery. Theomosensitive hydrogel was prepared from poloxamer/chitosan/epidermal growth factor as adhesion barrier agent. The prepared hydrogel showed sol-gel transition temperatures around human temperature and gelation temperature was the faster within 1 min. The hydrogel sustained the release of epidermal grow factor during 7 days. The hydrogel was highly effective for the prevention of tissue and organ adhesion in rat model. The thermosensitive and antibacterial chitosan hydrogel can be useful to consider the anti-adhesion barrier with increased adhesion of organ and sustained release of epidermal growth factor.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Ionization chambers often exhibit a stem effect, caused by interactions of radiation with air near the chamber end, or with dielectric in the chamber stem or cable. In this study measured stem effect correction factor for length of ionization chamber from medical linear accelerator recommend to with the use of stem correction method. For a model of the Farmer-type chamber, were used to calculate the beam quality correction factor. These interactions contribute to the apparent measured exposure. Additionally, it needs to consider ionization chamber use of small volume and stem effect of cable by a large field. Linear accelerator generated photons energy and increased dose repeatedly measured by using stem correction method. Stem effect was dependence of the energy and increases with photon energy conditions improved of beam quality. In conclusion, stem effect correction factor was measured within 0.4% calculated according to the exposures stem length and also supposed to determined below 1% of another stem correction method.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.669-678
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• 2004

Coastal states are adopting maritime boundary delimitation as their primary maritime policy because maritime jurisdiction directly relates to vast economic interest. This becomes specially important and sensitive when complex maritime boundary issues are involved between neighboring coastal states. China has not actively carried out nor declared maritime boundary delimitation until recently with any country except Agreement between China and Viet Nam on the demarcation of the territorial water, the exclusive economic zones and the continental shelf of China and Vet Nam in the Gulf of Tonkin on 25 December 2000 (hereinafter, the Gulf of Tonkin Agreement). The principles that governs maritime boundary delimitation are to consider primarily an agreement between States concerned, however, if no agreement can be reached, all relevant circumstances are considered to achieve an equity between concerned States. Relevant circumstances are length of coastline, form of coastline, existence and position of island or islands, speciality of geology/topography, and factor of economy and deffnce. Factors which sinologists are considering in regard to continental shelf delimitation of the Yellow Sea are as follows; i) geographical factor, ii) geological factor, iii) topographical factor, iv) environment and ecological (factor, v) historic interest, and vi) social and economic interest. The 'Gulf of Tonkin Agreement' is completed by basically applying the principle of delimitation according to median line which seems that China has adopted the maritime boundary delimitation principle of 'half and half' which was the intention of chinese government. At the same time, China recognized Viet Nam's dominion and sovereign right over the partial exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of Dao Bach Long Vi in Gulf of Tonkin. This case can be considered as an example of mutual concession or compromise in delimiting maritime boundary for states of concerned.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1041-1066
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• 2012

This article aims to analyse the change factor of the industry in rural area. As the regional economy is consist of variety industry in local Revitalization of Rural Economy should consider the growth factor of industry. Analytical method is Shift-Share analysis, analysis data is used GRDP of the 5 target area. Analysis is showed that Agriculture, forestry and fishing is leading position. but Farm population decreased rapidly underway. Side work farmer and industry population is increasing rapidly. the Regional Economic growth inhibitory of 5 Gun is the weakness of the internal factor. especially Competition component is than industry-Mixed component. and the Growth of Agriculture, forestry and fishing is external factor. To improve the regional economy, 5 Gun must improve the fault. and the growth of Agriculture, forestry and fishing should promote the consumption of local products to as the local food system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.627-636
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the second-order analysis using the load amplification factor suggested by design codes. For this purpose, the first-order analysis with the B1 and B2 factors suggested by KBC 2005 and the direct analysis with the load amplification factor suggested by KBC 2009 (draft) were performed for three-story -one-bay and five-story-three-bay unbraced steel frames. The results of the analyses were compared with the results of the second-order inelastic analysis to evaluate the validity of the suggested methods. The main parameters of the analysis were the scale of the frame, the axial load ratio of the column, and the methods of analysis. The research results showedthat the method suggested by KBC 2005 does not properly consider the second-order effect under the high axial load ratio, but the direct analysis method suggested by KBC 2009 (draft) properly estimates the second-order effect without any serious problem.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2007

The operating tasks of overhead crane have caused undue stress to the operators from physical, mental, and environmental workload. Existing workload assessment models for musculoskeletal disorders such as OWAS, RULA, and QEC have limited applicability to the crane operating tasks because they focus mainly on physical factors and do not consider the relative importance of each factor. The present study was to develop a workload assessment model customized to overhead crane operation, following a systematic process: (1) analyzing task characteristics, (2) selecting workload factors, (3) developing assessment methods, (4) establishing action levels, and (5) computerizing the assessment model. Based on literature review, worksite survey, and focus group interview, 4 physical factors (awkward posture, static posture, repetitive motion, and excessive force), 6 mental factors (visual demand, auditory demand, task complexity and difficulty, time urgency, work schedule related stress, and safety related stress), and 4 environmental factors (noise, vibration, dust, and temperature) were selected and their rating scales and relative weights were determined. Then, based on the workload assessment results of 8 overhead cranes operated at different workplaces, the action levels of each factor category were established. Finally, the crane operation assessment model was computerized for effective analysis and report preparation. The present approach is applicable to develop a customized workload assessment model for an operating task under consideration.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.939-950
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• 2023

This study was conducted to assess the impact of growing condition variables on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) productivity. A total of 197 alfalfa yield results were acquired from the alfalfa field trials conducted by the South Korean National Agricultural Cooperative Federation or Rural Development Administration between 1983 and 2008. The corresponding climate and soil data were collected from the database of the Korean Meteorological Administration. Twenty-three growing condition variables were developed as explaining variables for alfalfa forage biomass production. Among them, twelve variables were chosen based on the significance of the partial-correlation coefficients or potential agricultural values. The selected partial correlation coefficients between the variables and alfalfa forage biomass ranged from -0.021 to 0.696. The influence of the selected twelve variables on yearly alfalfa production was summarized into three dominant factors through factor analysis. Along with the accumulated temperature variables, the loading scores of the daily mean temperature higher than 25℃ were over 0.88 in factor 1. The sunshine duration at temperature between 0℃-25℃ was 0.939 in factor 2. Precipitation days were 0.82, which was the greatest in factor 3. Stepwise regression applied with the three dominant factors resulted in the coefficients of factors 1, 2, and 3 for 0.633, 0.485, and 0.115, respectively, and the R-square of the model was 0.602. The environmental conditions limiting alfalfa growth, such as daily temperature higher than 25℃ or daily mean temperature affected annual alfalfa production most substantially among the growing condition variables. Therefore, future cultivar selection should consider the capability of alfalfa to be tolerant to extreme summer weather along with biomass production potential.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2002

Questionnaire survey was performed in order to set an adequate meal table for athletes taking their food preferences into consideration. The survey was conducted against 32 athletes of a professional soccer team. Statistical data analysis was performed utilizing SAS package program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 18.8% of the answerers were found out to consider their autotrophic nutritional status as above average, 75.0% considered theirs as up to the average and 6.2%, below average. Among answers to the question what they consider as the most critical factor in their staying healthy; sound sleep won the most votes followed by enough rest, tranquillity and balanced eating habit. Yet, 68.8% replied their meal sizes were not settled. And 46.9% thought nutritive supplement helpful and 96.9% of the answerers said a dietitian is required as their health manager. 62.5% of them preferred Korean cuisine. Chigye and Chongol were the most preferred menus(55.6%) and Namul (28.1%), Muchim(26.3%) and Cheok.cheon(23.9%) enjoyed relatively low preference.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.879-902
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• 2015

The remaining service life (RSL) of buildings has been an important issue in the field of building and facility management, and its development is also one of the essential factors for achieving sustainable infrastructure. Since the estimation of RSL of buildings is heavily affected by the subjectivity of individual inspector or engineer, much effort has been placed in the development of a rational method that can estimate the RSL of existing buildings more quantitatively using objective measurement indices. Various uncertain factors contribute to the deterioration of the structural performance of buildings, and most of the common building structures are constructed not with a single structural member but with various types of structural components (e.g., beams, slabs, and columns) in multistory floors. Most existing RSL estimation methods, however, consider only an individual factor. In this study, an estimation method for RSL of concrete buildings is presented by utilizing a fuzzy theory to consider the effects of multiple influencing factors on the deterioration of durability (e.g., concrete carbonation, chloride attack, sulfate attack), as well as the current structural condition (or damage level) of buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1074-1085
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• 2009

This study compares the benefits for online clothing purchases between Korean and U.S. consumers. A total of 464 usable questionnaires were obtained from respondents who resided in Korea (n=253) and the United States (n=21l). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and MANOVA. For online clothing purchases, the benefit consisted of five factors: product attribute, transaction services, security, country of origin, and brand symbolism. Results showed that the main effect of nationality and gender on the benefit factors were significant; there was an effect of nationality on product attributes, transaction services, and country of origin. Compared with Korean consumer, U.S. consumers were more likely to consider the benefits of product attributes, transaction services, and country of origin for clothing in online purchases. In addition, there was a gender difference in benefit factors of product attributes, transaction services, country of origin, and brand symbolism. Females were more likely than males to consider the benefits for clothing in online purchases. An interaction effect of nationality and gender was not significant in online purchases for clothing. The managerial implications are discussed for global fashion marketing across the countries.