• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.541-551
• /
• 2016

Asphalt pavements are exposed to complex weather conditions and vehicle traffic loads leading to crack initiation and crack propagation in asphalt pavements. This paper presents the impact of weather conditions on fracture toughness of an asphalt concrete, prevalently employed in Ardabil road networks, under tensile (mode I) and shear (mode II) loading. An improved semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen was employed to carry out the fracture experiments. These experiments were performed in two different weather conditions namely fixed and cyclic temperatures. The results showed that consideration of the impact of temperature cycling resulted in decreasing the fracture toughness of asphalt concrete significantly. Furthermore, the fracture toughness was highly affected by loading mode for the both fixed and cyclic temperature conditions studied in this paper. In addition, it was found that the MTS criterion correctly predicts the onset of fracture initiation although this prediction was slightly conservative.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.687-696
• /
• 1999

Characteristics of four publicly-available accidental release models, ALOHA, SLAB, HGSYSTEM, and DEGADIS, are compared. These models are world-widely used and recently recommended by the Chemical Dispersion and Consequence Assessment(CDCA) Working Group of the United States as models applicable to generally broad safety-basis documentation applicatons. Four release scenarios are assumed by referring to the usage and storage conditions of toxic substances in the field as well as the USEPA model guideline(1993). Sensitivity of impact radius by varying meteorological conditions is tested in typical and worst-case meteorological conditions. The results show that ALOHA generally gives conservative estimates and the results from HGSYSTEM are sensitive to variations in meteorological conditions.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.43-59
• /
• 2000

Characteristic boundary conditions are discussed in conjunction with a flux-difference splitting formulation as modified from Roe's linearization. Details of how one can implement the characteristic boundary conditions which are made compatible with the interior point formulation are described for different types of boundaries including subsonic outflow and adiabatic wall. The validity of boundary conditions are demonstrated through computation of transonic airfoil, supersonic ogive-cylinder, hypersonic cylinder, and S-duct internal flows. The computed wall pressure distributions are compared with published experimental and computed data. Objectives of this paper are thus to give insight of formulation procedure of a flux-difference splitting method and to pave ways for other users to adopt present boundary procedure on their numerical methods.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.679-686
• /
• 2013

In this paper, the new stability conditions for discrete systems with time-varying delay time are proposed by Lyapuniv theory for the stability analysis of NCS(Networked Control System) having data communication. The proposed stability conditions are very simple and easily calculated compared to the previous conditions having complex numerical calculations. The proposed results can include several previous works on the same issue. From the simulation results, the proposed conditions show the better performance and less conservative on checking stability compared with previous results.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Sinus tarsi syndrome (STS) is caused by various pathologies. However, the exact etiology of STS remains controversial. This study evaluated the imaging and arthroscopic findings of patients who underwent surgical treatment after conservative treatment for STS failed. Materials and Methods: Between December 2014 and August 2018, 20 patients (21 cases) who underwent surgical treatment for STS were included in the study. The clinical results were analyzed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot functional scale. The radiographic results were analyzed using Meary's angle, calcaneal pitch angle, and hindfoot alignment angle. The pathologic conditions of sinus tarsi were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subtalar arthroscopy. Synovitis, bone edema, and accessory anterolateral talar facet (AALTF) were evaluated on MRI. Synovial thickening, cartilage damage, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) and cervical ligament rupture, soft tissue impingement, AALTF, and accessory talar facet impingement (ATFI) were evaluated by subtalar arthroscopy. Results: The mean duration of symptoms was 28.7 months (4~120). All patients showed significant improvement in the VAS and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale. Significant improvements in hindfoot alignment angle and Meary's angle postoperatively were noted in patients who underwent medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. MRI confirmed synovitis in all patients, AALTF in 19 cases (90.5%), and ATFI with bone edema in seven cases (33.3%). In subtalar arthroscopy, pathologic conditions were observed in the following order: synovitis in 21 cases (100%), AALTF in 20 cases (95.2%), ITCL partial rupture in nine cases (42.9%), and soft tissue impingement in seven cases (33.3%). All cases had two or more pathological conditions, and 15 (71.4%) had three or more. Conclusion: In cases of STS that do not respond to conservative treatment, a comprehensive examination of the lesions of the tarsal sinus and lesions around the subtalar joint is essential.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2013

Pain and pain control are important to the dental profession because the general perception of the public is that dental treatment and pain go hand in hand. Successful dental treatment requires that the source of pain be detected. If the origin of pain is not found, inappropriate dental care and, ultimately, extraction may result. Pain experienced before, during, or after endodontic therapy is a serious concern to both patients and endodontists, and the variability of discomfort presents a challenge in terms of diagnostic methods, endodontic therapy, and endodontic knowledge. This review will help clinicians understand the basic neurophysiology of pulpal pain and other painful conditions of the dental pulp that are not well understood.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1794-1800
• /
• 2001

Mass conservation is a key issue for accurate streamline and stream surface visualization of flow fields. This paper complements an existing method (Feng et al. 1997) for CFD velocity fields defined at discrete locations in space that uses dual stream functions to generate streamlines and stream surfaces. Conditions for using the method have been examined and its limitations defined. A complete set of dual stream functions for all possible cases of the linear fields on which the method relies are presented. The results in this paper are important for developing new methods for mass conservative streamline visualization from CFD and using the existing method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.401-416
• /
• 2018

Composite beams with web openings are vulnerable to Vierendeel bending failure. The available methods provide quite conservative estimates of Vierendeel bending resistance. An alternative design method to compute the resistance was proposed in this study, based on quadratic nonlinear interactions of normalized shear force, axial force and Vierendeel bending moment. The interactions of the top and bottom Tee section must satisfy mutual conditions to prevent the Vierendeel failure. The normalized shear force and Vierendeel bending moment of the composite part were used instead in the top Tee interaction. The top Tee axial force was computed based on force equilibrium. Based on a rigid-plastic model, the composite resistance is estimated using an effective slab width of the vertical shear resistance. On using the proposed method, nonlinear reductions due to shear loads and axial forces are not required, in contrast to prior methods. The proposed method was validated against experiments from literature. The method limitations and accuracy as well as the Vierendeel behavior were investigated by finite element simulations, with varied composite beam parameters. The proposed design loads are less conservative than earlier estimates and deviate less from the simulations.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.70-74
• /
• 2021

There are many possible causes of duodenal obstruction, such as congenital anomalies and various acquired conditions associated with space-occupying lesions. However, hemorrhage or retroperitoneal hematoma is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction. Here, we report the case of a 55-year-old man who developed duodenal obstruction due to a large retroperitoneal hematoma after acupuncture therapy. The patient experienced abdominal discomfort along with vomiting and nausea. Considering the size of the hematoma, emergency surgery could have been performed, but conservative treatment was continued because the patient's vital signs were stable. With spontaneous resolution of the hematoma, the symptoms of duodenal obstruction improved. The patient was eventually discharged without any complications associated with the hematoma. Our findings suggest that even when a hematoma is large, a conservative approach can be maintained until improvement of the symptoms of duodenal obstruction if the vital signs of the patient remain stable.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.1616-1629
• /
• 2023

To quantify the conservatism of existing ASME strain-based evaluation methods for seismic loading, this paper presents very low cycle fatigue test data of elbows under various cyclic loading conditions and comparison of evaluation results with experimental failure cycles. For strain-based evaluation methods, the method presented in ASME BPVC CC N-900 and Sec. VIII are used. Predicted failure cycles are compared with experimental failure cycle to quantify the conservatism of evaluation methods. All methods give very conservative failure cycles. The CC N-900 method is the most conservative and prediction results are only ~0.5% of experimental data. For Sec. VIII method, the use of the option using code tensile properties gives ~3% of experimental data, and the use of the material-specific reduction of area can reduce conservatism but still gives ~15% of experimental data.