• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.277-288
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• 2022

'Eve 58-1', the subject of this study is a statue made of plaster and its structural stability was evaluated by utilizing the CAE program in order to prevent the risk of damage arising from impact and vibration that are generated during the packaging and transportation process given its material characteristics. CAE is an abbreviation for Computer Applied Engineering for realization by predicting changes at the time of application of virtual physical energy. It is applied by reflecting the physical property conditions and each boundary condition of plaster, and the digital images of the internal and external structure of the work were acquired through 3D scanning and CT analysis for interpretation by executing finite element modeling. When acceleration is applied to the work in the direction of its own weight, the left-right side and the front-rear side, it was possible to confirm a maximum displacement value of 15.24 mm in the head section of the front-rear side direction that has been tilted by approximately 27° from the Y-axis and the largest stress value of 12.46 MPa was at the left ankle section. The corresponding results confirmed that the left ankle section is the most vulnerable area and the section for which precautions need to be exercised and supplemented at the time of transporting the work by means of objective values.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2019

We characterized the smelting process and smelting furnace through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and raman micro-spectroscopy with 13 relics including slags and furnace walls excavated from square-shaped building sites and pits of the Three Kingdoms site at the Ungyo site section I. Our results revealed that the principal components were FeO and SiO₂; and CuO, PbO, and ZnO were contained in small quantities. Furthermore, fayalite, magnetite, augite, copper, and cuprite were found. High contents of FeO or SiO₂ components seem to have been added to form fayalite to remove gangue in the smelting process. The relatively low content of S detected in the copper prills suggests that roasting was performed well. Cristobalite and mullite, which are minerals that indicate high-temperature found in the furnace wall, show that the smelting temperature was higher than 1,250℃. The findings of this study show a high possibility that the Wanju Ungyo site is smelting remains of copper ores, which are nonferrous metals, rather than iron. Various smelting byproducts excavated in this area in the future will help us better understand the copper smelting process that may have been performed since ancient times.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2009

Nicobium castaneum belonging to the family Anobiidae of Coleoptera was found in Jeju Folk Museum in 2006, Miribeol Folk Museum in 2007, and a bier preserved in the bier house of Jeju in 2008. We found that this species did considerable damage to the several wooden cultural properties. For Identification and pest management to conserve wooden cultural properties from this anobiid species, we report morphology of adult and damage pattern (shape of exit holes from the host, tunnels and their excrements etc).

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2004

A lot of foreign objects(ceramics, pottery, bronze, glassware and coins, etc.) have been found in the archaeological sites in Korea. These foreign objects are the evidences of the cultural exchanges of that time, whose scale and routes are an important part of the studies in ancient history. So it is crucial to accumulate basic reference information such as the raw materials and the production method of these objects through scientific researches, along with archeological researches. These scientific research materials provide a basis for finding the importing route and the origin of these objects. Besides, we can find out extraordinary and distinctive production technique by comparison with tile domestic objects. This article reports the result of an analysis, performing on 36 samples of the glassware fragments excavated from the South Tomb of the Hwangnamdaechong, to verify their components and note peculiar features. We have analyzed the major and minor components of 10 elements, and then by using these data examined the differences in the composition of components, varying with the origin and color of glassware. We used the PCA(principal component analysis) as the statistical method to classify the sample in order to find out how the samples formed groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Among Korea's national folk cultural heritage, eight villages have been designated, and 37 years have passed since Hahoe Village was first designated in 1984. All eight villages have been constantly inhabited by residents from the past to the present, so the cultural value of inferring the lives of our ancestors in the past is very high. However, due to the inconvenience of the settlement environment in existing houses due to changes in the living environment, buildings such as various residential facilities and warehouses have been installed and expanded without permission, losing the original cultural property landscape and building. In addition, complaints and conflicts from residents are accumulating due to the poor living environment in the village. Therefore, this study intends to present guidelines for conservation and maintenance that can embrace changes in resident's housing and living environment, based on the 'maintenance of original form', the grand principle of the Cultural Properties Protection Law about the Jeju Seongeup Village. In particular, the maintenance plan is largely subdivided into legalization, demolition, expansion and reconstruction, and detailed standards for each item and examples applied are proposed. Through this, it aims to become basic data on the starting point of realistic improvement measures for cultural properties and residents to coexist.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 2017

This study focused on the Gaya mural tomb located in Goa-ri, Goryeong-gun, North Gyeongsang Province, Republic of Korea. Environmental factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity and surface temperature, and microbial distribution on mural tombs were monitored for one year to gather data on the conservation environment of the mural tombs. The average internal temperature difference with reference to the ambient outer temperature was observed to be $11.7^{\circ}C$ for the monitoring period and the internal temperature of the tomb was found to change periodically every one or two months in response to the outer temperature. The highest temperature was observed in September and the lowest in March. The relative humidity in the mural tomb remained constant at 100%. Between December and April, condensation occurred on the ceiling of the main room of the tomb, where the murals are located. On the ceiling of the aisle, the condensation occurred throughout the year. The inside and surface wall were isolated from microorganisms, which could grow when a suitable growth environment suitable is established. Based on microbial growth temperature conditions, risk periods of microbial hazards were established, where in the period from August to October was identified as the most dangerous.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.778-790
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• 2021

The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha in Bijung-ri are state-designated heritage (treasure) statues having the Buddha style of the Goryeo dynasty from the 6th century. Conservation scientific investigations were conducted to understand the preservation status of these stone Buddha statues and to establish a conservation plan. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha are composed of fine-medium grained biotite granite, which is considered to be of the same origin owing to their low magnetic susceptibility distribution of less than 0.2 (×10^-3 SI unit) and similar mineral characteristics. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad has highly homogenous mineral composition and particle size, whole-rock magnetic susceptibility, and geochemical characteristics very similar to those of the nearby outcrop. It was confirmed that a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors affects the Stone Buddha statues. In particular, both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha tend to be chipped off from the front and cracked and scaled from the back. The Stone Standing Buddha located outdoors experiences granularity decomposition and black algae formation, which accelerate the weathering under unfavorable conservation environments. The result of non-destructive physical property diagnosis using ultrasonic velocity showed that both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha have been completely weathered (CW), indicating very poor physical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-78
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a decoupled local discontinuous Galerkin method for solving the Klein-Gordon-Schrödinger (KGS) equations. The KGS equations is a model of the Yukawa interaction of complex scalar nucleons and real scalar mesons. The advantage of our scheme is that the computation of the nucleon and meson field is fully decoupled, so that it is especially suitable for parallel computing. We present the conservation property of our fully discrete scheme, including the energy and Hamiltonian conservation, and establish the optimal error estimate.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.7
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• pp.69-73
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• 2006

This study is the investigation of the tree type of six waterlogged archaeological wood excavated from the remains related to Yun Sundo in Bogildo, Wando Island; the remains had been excavated and surveyed by Jeonnam Cultural property Research Center. The identification result was four Pinus sp. (hard pine), one loquat and one Symplocaceae. All the identified tree types are subtropical ones and they are common in Bogildo, Wando Island.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.415-425
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• 1996

This study presents an analytical method of solving the behaviors of arc plasma in a nozzle constricting transferred-type torch and purposes to obtain the basic data for the design of a plasma torch, which can be obtained from the temperature, pressure, velocities and voltage distributions. We have to solve some conservation equations simultaneously and need to know the exact thermal gas properties in order to obtain the correct behaviors of arc plasma. It is also necessary to give the relevant physical or geometric boundary conditions. For the simplicity of analysis, we assumed that (a) the plasma flow is laminar, (b)the local thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e. LTE, prevails over the entire arc column region. The electrode sheath effects were neglected and the nozzle area was excluded from the analysis by assuming that the current flow into the nozzle is zero. We solved the momentum transfer equation including the self-magnetic pinch effect, and obtained the temperature distribution from the energy conservation equation. From this temperature, we could get arc voltage distribution. (author). refs., figs., tabs.