• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1387-1402
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• 2005

Indian subcontinent is a rich source of diverse ovine germplasm, and only very few countries have such a large number of breeds with wide genetic diversity. This vast ovine biodiversity in India is being eroded rapidly and more than 50% of sheep breeds are currently under threat. It is noteworthy that the characterization of Indian sheep breeds was last done in the first half of the century since then no recent estimates are available and surveys in majority of the regions/breeds are far from complete. Starting in 1985 National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Karnal, India, therefore, initiated activities aimed at determining the status and compiling information on indigenous farm animals including sheep. This report represents attempts made to date on the basis of field/literature surveys and additional activities on molecular characterization to ascertain their status including distribution, population changes, breed diversities and risk status. The need, mode and mechanisms of conservation are also described. Involvement of several agencies for evaluation, improvement, conservation programmes and recommendations made for effective characterization and conservation of sheep biodiversity are highlighted. This publication would promote action particularly at national level to improve the information base on domestic Indian breeds of sheep and provide input into national domestic sheep diversity conservation policy decisions.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권37호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2016

국내 목조문화재의 흰개미 피해는 토양과 인접한 건축물의 기둥하부에 주로 발생하지만 흰개미의 유입은 주변 야산의 부후된 목재나 수목 제거 후 남겨진 그루터기에 서식하는 흰개미가 인접한 건물로 유입되어 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 목조문화재 생물피해 조사에서 흰개미 서식이 확인된 그루터기를 제거하면서 수거된 보은 법주사, 여수 흥국사, 그리고 보성 이용우 가옥의 그루터기와 주변 토양으로부터 미생물을 분리하였다. 그 결과, 세균의 분포 비율이 높았고 지역에 따라 세균 군집에 명확한 차이를 보였으며, 특히 보성 이용우 가옥 내 토양에서 다양한 세균이 다량 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1324-1331
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• 1999

The aim of this paper is to propose the preservation of buffaloes not only as productive livestock, but also as a part of the biodiversity of wetlands and especially of the Greek wetlands. The water buffalo used to be an integral part of the biodiversity of many Greek wetland ecosystems, enriched their landscape, and provided invaluable services and products to the rural people and to the economy in general. Its total population before the 1950s was over 100,000 animals. Presently, it is found only in four wetland sites in Macedonia and Thrace and in the estuaries of Rivers Gallikos and Axios, with a total population of a few hundred animals. These wetlands are Ramsar Sites. Even this small population is threatened with immediate extinction because of the rapidly changing rural socio-economic conditions and the expansion of cultivated fields into wet meadows. Farmers and consumers are rapidly losing contact with this mammal and its products. This species possesses minimum requirements for treatment and is characterized by the ability of utilizing roughage of variable nutritional value. These factors are promising to render buffalo breeding a valuable branch of the Greek livestock sector, which can also contribute to the maintenance of the wetlands.

• 생태와환경
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2016

꼬리말발도리는 한반도 특산식물임에도 불구하고 종의 분포, 개체군 및 자생지 특성, 그리고 이것에 기초한 종 보전 연구를 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 꼬리말발도리를 대상으로 종 분포 및 생태 특성을 분석하였다. 꼬리말발도리의 분포 특성은 문헌, 표본 및 현장 조사 자료를 참고하였다. 현장 조사는 6개 지역에서 11개의 대방형구 ($15{\times}15m$)와 33개 소방형구 ($5{\times}5m$)의 자생 집단을 대상으로 2014년 5월부터 10월까지 실시하였다. 개체군 특성으로 풍부성(밀도, 피도), demographic 속성 (개화율 및 결실율)이 조사되었으며, 자생지 특성으로 식생 (구조 및 종조성), 임내광량 (광량, 수관열림도) 및 토양 (온 습도, 이화학 속성) 특성을 분석하였다. 꼬리말발도리는 경상도 (강원도 태백 포함)가 분포 중심이었으며, 넓은 해발 분포 범위 (평균 493 m, 및 해발 290~959 m 범위)를 나타내었다. 꼬리말발도리 자생지의 평균 사면경사는 $16^{\circ}$ ($7{\sim}35^{\circ}$ 범위)이었으며, 주로 너덜 계곡 입지 및 그곳과 접한 사면하부에 분포하였다. 꼬리말발도리 개체군의 소방형구 ($5m{\times}5m$) 내에서 평균 12.5개체가 출현하였고, $m^2$당 평균밀도는 0.5를 보였다. 평균 개화율은 15%로 낮은 개화율을 보이며 영양생식에 의한 번식이 빈번히 이루어지는 것으로 판단된다. 꼬리말발도리 자생지의 조사구 수준 식물상은 138분류군이었다. 꼬리말발도리 자생지의 식생은 너덜 입지환경을 잘 반영하는 층층나무 (중요치 25.5%) 및 물푸레나무 (중요치 15.8%)가 우점하는 서식지로 나타났다. 층층나무 유형은 급경사 지역, 그리고 물푸레나무 유형은 주로 높은 해발고도에 분포하는 특성이 관찰되었다. 연구 결과, 꼬리말발도리는 인간 활동보다는 범람과 같은 자연 교란, 기후변화 및 진화 생태학적인 요인에 의해 개체수의 변동이 예상되는 종으로 판단되며, 개체군 및 자생지의 지속성을 위협하는 뚜렷한 증거는 찾아볼 수 없었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.82-82
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• 2017

The production of spring wheat, the major crop in Mongolia, is accounting for 98% of the cultivated area. Collection, conservation and utilization of wheat germplasm resources play an important role in wheat breeding and production in Mongolia. Understanding genetic variability in the existing genebank accessions is important for collection and conservation of wheat germplasms. To determine the genetic diversity and population structure among a representative collection of Mongolian local wheat cultivars and lines, 200 wheat accessions were analyzed with 15 SSR markers distributed throughout the wheat genome. A total of 85 alleles were detected, with 3 to 5 alleles per locus and a mean genetic diversity value of 5.66. The average genetic diversity index was 0.68, with values ranging from 0.37 to 0.80. The 200 Mongolian wheat accessions were divided into two subgroups based on STRUCTURE, un-rooted NJ cluster and principal coordinate analyses. The results from this study will provide important information for future wheat germplasm conservation and improvement programs with Mongolian genebank.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the genotype of black-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) using seven microsatellite loci to quantify its genetic diversity and population structure throughout the spatial scale of basins of Han, Geum, Yeongsan, and Nakdong Rivers in South Korea. Genetic diversities in these four areas were compared using diversity index and inbreeding coefficient obtained from the number and frequency of alleles as well as heterozygosity. Additionally, the population structure was confirmed with population differentiation, Nei's genetic distance, multivariate analysis, and Bayesian clustering analysis. Interestingly, a negative genetic diversity pattern was observed in the Han River basin, indicating possible recent habitat disturbances or population declines. In contrast, a positive genetic diversity pattern was found for the population in the Nakdong River basin that had remained the most stable. Results of population structure suggested that populations of black-spotted pond frogs distributed in these four river basins were genetically independent. In particular, the population of the Nakdong River basin had the greatest genetic distance, indicating that it might have originated from an independent population. These results support the use of genetics in addition to designations strictly based on geographic stream areas to define the spatial scale of populations for management and conservation practices.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2009

우리나라 특산식물이며 희귀식물인 만리화(물푸레나무과) 집단의 유전적 다양성을 조사하기 위하여 5 집단 84개체에 대한 ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) 표지자 분석을 실시하였다. 14개의 ISSR 프라이머에서 총 93개의 증폭산물을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 유전적 다양성을 나타내는 P (Percentage of polymorphic loci)값과 S.I. (Shannon's information Index)가 다른 관목류에 비해 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 집단별 유전적 다양성은 석병산집단 (P = 64.5%, S.I. = 0.281)과 설악산B집단(P = 62.4%, S.I. = 0.292)이 높았으며, 석개재집단(P = 37.6%, S.I. = 0.178)이 가장 낮았다. 전체 유전변이 중 30.6%가 집단간에 기인하는 것으로 나타났고, 나머지 69.4%는 집단내 개체간의 차이에서 기인하였다. 이러한 결과는 분포역이 매우 제한되어 있으며 불연속적으로 출연하는 희귀종이라는 점으로 미루어 볼 때 지역간의 유전자 교류가 원활하지 못해 나타난 결과라고 추정해 볼 수 있다. 유전적 거리를 이용하여 UPGMA 방법에 의한 유집분석을 실시한 결과, 집단의 지리적 격리정도와 유전적 연관성은 비교적 일치하는 경향이었다. 본 연구 결과, 만리화의 유전자원보존을 위해서는 자생지 보호와 더불어 동적인 현지외 보존(dynamic ex situ conservation)과 같은 보다 적극적인 대책이 요구되며, 더 높은 유전적 다양성을 확보하기 위해서는 소수의 집단에서 다수 개체를 선발하기보다는 집단당 소수 개체를 다수의 집단에서 선발하는 집단 위주의 보존이 더욱 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2022

Background: Zanthoxylum armatum is one of the 30 prioritized medicinal plants for economic development of Nepal with a high trade value. Understanding the ecology of individual species is important for conservation and cultivation purposes. However, relation of ecological factors on the distribution and populations of Z. armatum in Nepal remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, an attempt has been made to study the population structure, distribution, and regeneration potentiality of Z. armatum. Vegetation sampling was conducted at six different localities of Salyan district along the elevation range of 1,000 m to 2,000 m. Results: Altogether 50 plant species belonging to 44 genera under 34 families were found to be associated with Z. armatum. Significantly higher species richness was found at Rim (1,400-1,700 m) and Chhatreshwori (1,800-2,000 m) and lower at Kupinde (1,600-1,800 m). The highest population density of Z. armatum was at Kupinde (1,600-1,800 m) with a total of 1,100 individuals/ha. and the lowest at Chhatreshwori (1,800-2,000 m) with 740 individuals/ha. Based on the A/F value (Whitford index), it can be said that Z. armatum has random distribution in the study area. The plants were categorized into seedlings, saplings and adults based on plant height and the status of natural regeneration category determined. The regeneration potentiality of Z. armatum in the study area was fair with the average seedlings and saplings densities of 150 and 100 individuals/ha. Respectively. A Shannon-Weinner index mean value of 2.8 was obtained suggesting high species diversity in the study area. Conclusions: The natural distribution and regeneration of Z. armatum is being affected in the recent years due to anthropogenic disturbances. Increasing market demand and unsustainable harvesting procedures are posing serious threat to Z. armatum. Thus, effective conservation and management initiatives are most important for conserving the natural population of Z. armatum in the study area.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Eighteen new polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Korean mi-iuy croaker ($Miichthys$ $miiuy$, Perciformes, Sciaenidae), and allelic variability was compared between a wild population in Mokpo, Korea, and a hatchery population in Tongyeong, Korea. All loci were amplified readily and demonstrated allelic variability, with the number of alleles ranging from 5 to 37 in the wild population, and from 4 to 12 in the farmed population. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated, respectively, to be 0.74 and 0.78 in the hatchery population samples, and 0.79 and 0.86 in the wild samples. These results indicate lower genetic variability in the hatchery population compared with the wild population, and significant genetic differentiation between the wild population and the hatchery samples ($F_{ST}$=0.058, P<0.001). These microsatellite loci may be valuable for future population genetic studies, monitoring changes in the genetic variation within stocks in a commercial breeding program, conservation genetics, and molecular assisted selective breeding of the mi-iuy croaker in the future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

Many cities in Japan retain older city structures with buildings in traditional form and style. Visitors are fascinated by charms and tranquility of pre-modern life styles. Architectural features of olden days are well conserved or carefully restored on purpose. In the case of Kawagoe city near Tokyo, local residents are largely replete with visitors without being necessarily aware of slow commodification of historic spaces. Kawagoe is yet socio-culturally sustainable and financially fit. This paper intends to analyse conservation strategies, with focus on architectural heritage, taken for the historic city of Kawagoe. With the population of 300,000 in the suburb of Tokyo, it is one of the best known historic cities in Japan. Kawagoe grew as a merchant city since 1700s, and it once reached to a major port of silk trade en-route to Edo (Tokyo) from northen provinces. Tourism industry is discovered as a key element in the conservation strategies applied to revitalize historic city center, Ichibangai, an important cultural heritage site with special reference to kurazukuri. This paper argues that augmentation of conceptions in architectural heritage is not only advantageous for the conservation of historic urban environment but it also provides opportunities for sustainable urban renewal.