• 제목/요약/키워드: conservation population

검색결과 578건 처리시간 0.049초

An Overview to the History of Social Forestry in Overcoming Poverty and Forest Conservation in Java's Colonial Period

  • Hum, Warto M.
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2022
  • The Dutch colonial government introduced social forestry at the end of the 19th century with a commitment to controlling forest resources in the Dutch East Indies. This program was a response to the rampant deforestation which had resulted in forest degradation and poverty of the population around the forest. This study examined the practice of social forestry in the late colonial period which had not been done much. From a historical perspective, social forestry practices in Indonesia before independence could be explained more comprehensively. This study uses a historical method which includes four stages: heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography (composing historical stories). Sources of information were explored through studies of archival documents and contemporary artefacts, especially official colonial government reports and contemporary newspapers/magazines. Data from various sources are then compared and tested for validity to obtain data validity. The next stage is to build facts based on data obtained and then interpreted using the social science theories. Finally, compiling a historical (historiographical) story about social forestry during the late colonial period. The results showed that colonial forestry during the colonial period was still limited in terms of area and method, namely in the area of teak forest and involving villagers through the intercropping system. Farmers involved in these activities are called pesanggem who earn income from forest land being rejuvenated. However, the relationship between pesanggem and the forestry service has not been well institutionalized, consequently the pesanggem is often disadvantaged. Including certainty of ownership and ownership of forest land never gained clarity and even became a source of conflict.

Analysis of Composition and Diversity of Natural Regeneration of Woody Species in Jebel El Gerrie Dry Land Forest East of Blue Nile State, Sudan

  • Abuelbashar, Ahmed Ibrahim;Ahmed, Dafa-Alla Mohamed Dafa-Alla;Siddig, Ahmed Ali Hassabelkreem;Yagoub, Yousif Elnour;Gibreel, Haithum Hashim
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.90-101
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    • 2022
  • The study aims to assess composition, diversity and population indices of natural regeneration of woody species in Jebel El Gerrie forest reserve, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We conducted field work between December 2018 and January 2019. We used random sampling to collect vegetation data in the forest where we made a total of 90 circular sample plots (radius 17.84 m) and distributed them proportionally to the area of each of the four density-based vegetation classes of the forest i.e. high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and crop land (C4). In each sample plot we identified all regenerating tree species and counted their regeneration frequencies. We calculated ecological metrics of regeneration frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness, diversity and importance value index (IVI) and drew abundance rank curve. Results revealed that out of fifteen mature tree species present, natural regeneration of 8 species, which belong to 6 families, was observed. The relatively most frequently naturally regenerating and abundant species were Anogeissus leiocarpa and Combretum hartmannianum. Richness, evenness and diversity of regenerating species were 1.33, 0.82 and 1.7, respectively. One-way ANOVA (α=0.05) of mean regeneration densities disclosed that there were significant differences (F3,86=16.77, p=0.000) between C2 & C3 (p=0.000) and C2 & C4 (p=0.000). While regeneration of seven tree species were absent, two, two and four species were of good, poor and fair regeneration status, respectively. A comparison of mean density of natural regeneration with that of parent trees reflects a poor regeneration status of the forest. The study provides empirical results on the regeneration status of species and signifies the need for management interventions for species conservation and restoration, maintenance of biodiversity and sustainable production.

Strategies to prevent the new infectious diseases from an ecological perspective

  • Lee, Chang Seok
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.172-182
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    • 2022
  • Background: The coronavirus problem is an ecological problem stemming from a sudden change in the relationship between parasites and hosts. Ecologists judge organisms that are established out of their original territory as exotic species. Unlike in their original habitat, these exotic species become very aggressive in their newly settled habitat. Coronavirus infection damage was bigger in Europe or the United States than that in the country of its origin, China, and its neighboring countries. Therefore, coronavirus infection damage resembles the damage due to the invasive species. Results: Exotic species are found in places with similar environmental conditions to those of their origin when introduced to other ecological regions. However, there are few ecological ill effects in their place of origin, while the damage is usually severe in the ecological regions in which it is introduced. According to historical records, exotic infectious diseases, such as European smallpox and measles, also showed a similar trend and caused great damage in newly established places. Therefore, it is expected that measures to manage exotic species could be used for the prevention of exotic infectious diseases such as the coronavirus. Conclusions: Prevention comes first in the management of exotic species, and in order to come up with preventive measures, it is important to collect information on the characteristics of related organisms and their preferred environment. In this respect, ecosystem management measures such as exotic species management measures could be used as a reference to prevent and suppress the spread. To put these measures into practice, it is urgently required to establish an international integrated information network for collecting and exchanging information between regions and countries. Furthermore, a systematic ecosystem-management strategy in which natural and human environments could continue sustainable lives in their respective locations may serve as a countermeasure to prevent infectious diseases.

콩 양질ㆍ고단백 품종 육성방향 (Perspectives of Breeding for High Protein Quantity and High Protein Quality of Soybeans)

  • 정길웅;홍은희;김석동;황영현;이영호;박래경
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제33권s01호
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 1988
  • Soybean grain is most widely used and soybean crop produces most high protein per area among crops. To meet rapid increase of human population and supply protein in safety. soybean has considered more and more important crop. And it has been emphasizing that high quality and high protein soybean breeding must be made efforts in future. Many papers related to soybean breeding for high quality and protein and soybean protein composition have suggested the problems to do in future. Soybean germplasm collection. classification and conservation should be continuously performed, and it is emphasized that wild type of soybeans (G. soja) be considered to use in breeding for high protein varieties. Selections would be better emphasized in first yield and therefore high yield of protein per area. Selection for high protein would be secondary criterion. High protein lines with high yielding potential could be selection from certain populations, and breeders should consider this phenomenon in procedure of selection. Heritability of protein percent is relatively high and genetic gain of increment of protein percent is large. Soybean protein which is comprised 70 to 90% of globulin is constituted mostly 11S and 7S proteins. Sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, are identified to contain more in 11S protein than 7S protein. High 11S germplasm should be desirable to use in crossing plan, and selection of high ratio of 11S/7S lines be better in development of high quality varieties.

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Association of functional sequence variants of the myosin heavy chain 3 gene with muscle collagen content in pigs

  • Yong-Jun Kang;Sang-Hyun Han;Sang-Geum Kim;Su-Yeon Kim;Hyeon-Ah Kim;Yoo-Kyung Kim;Ji-Hyun Yoo;Moon-Cheol Shin;Byoung-Chul Yang;Hee-Bok Park;Jun Heon Lee;In-Cheol Cho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제65권3호
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    • pp.511-518
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    • 2023
  • This study examined the association between functional sequence variants (FSVs) of myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3) genotypes and collagen content in a Landrace and Jeju native pig (JNP) crossbred population. Four muscles (Musculus longissimus dorsi, Musculus semimembranosus, Musculus triceps brachii, and Musculus biceps femoris) were used for the analysis of meat collagen content, and the same animals were genotyped for the FSVs of the MYH3 gene by using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Three FSVs of MYH3 genotypes were identified and had genotype frequencies of 0.358, 0.551, and 0.091 for QQ, Qq, and qq, respectively. QQ animals for the FSVs of the MYH3 genotypes showed higher collagen content in their M. longissimus dorsi (p < 0.001), M. semimembranosus (p < 0.001), M. triceps brachii (p < 0.001), and M. biceps femoris (p < 0.001) than qq homozygous animals. After the validation of this result in other independent populations, the FSVs of MYH3 genotypes can be a valuable genetic marker for improving collagen content in porcine muscles and can also be applied to increase the amount of collagen for biomedical purposes.

Environmental and Socioeconomic Indicators of Virtual Water Trade: A Review

  • Odey, Golden;Adelodun, Bashir;Kim, Sang Hyun;Choi, Kyung Sook
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.211-211
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    • 2020
  • The concept of virtual water has been largely applied in the study of regional, national, and global water flows with particular emphasis on water scarcity. Despite water traditionally being managed locally, certain global forces influence the local water resource scarcity/availability and hence virtual water exchanges worldwide. It is therefore of necessity that the significant forces be examined to understand the relationship between available water in a region and the variability and trends in environmental, social, and economic factors that are of utmost importance in the formulation of water resources management policies. This study therefore reviewed recent literature from 2003 - 2019 to determine the significant indicators of virtual water trade at different spatiotemporal levels. The study examined and compared the major approaches to virtual water trade flows accounting, and also identified and discussed policy implications and future research options concerning the analysis of virtual water trade. Available information has shown that virtual water trade is significantly influenced by economic (GDP, Demand-Supply of goods and services), geographical (Distance), institutional (population) and environmental (water availability, arable land, precipitation) factors. Reports further show that the selection of a given approach for virtual water trade flows accounting will depend on the scope of the study, the available datasets, and other research preferences. Accordingly, this study suggests that the adoption of multidisciplinary approaches to virtual water trade, taking into consideration the spatial and temporal variations in water resources availability and the complexity of environmental and socioeconomic factors will be pivotal for establishing the basis for the conservation of water resources worldwide.

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Comparison of terrestrial insect communities associated with the crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) community, Korea

  • Jeong Ho Hwang;Jong-Hak Yun
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.250-260
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    • 2023
  • Background: Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris, Poaceae) is a globally distributed weed, including in Afro-Eurasia, America, and Australia. As a highly gregarious plant, crabgrass is an important habitat for a diverse array of insects, and a potential habitat for agricultural pests. To compare the insect communities associated with the crabgrass community, insects were sampled using sweep sampling (100 sweeps per sample) at five sites, including Daejeon (Daejeon and Gap rivers), Anseong, Namhae, and Inje, with a focus on the Daejeon River. Results: A total of 5,888 individual insects belonging to eight orders, 42 families, and 115 species were collected from the five sites. Both the number of species and individuals of Hemiptera were the highest at all of the sites. In the present study, 73% of the insect population fed on D. ciliaris as a host plant. The dominant species in the D. ciliaris community was Laodelphax striatellus (Delphacidae), being ubiquitous at all the sites which showed a high abundance of rice pests in the communities and the suitability of D. ciliaris as an alternative host plant for them. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was highest in Inje on 17 September (2.88), and the Chao1-bc diversity index was highest in the Gap River on 5 September (80). The sampling efficiency of 100 sweep samples (sample coverage) was calculated to be as high as 90%. The results of the samples taken from September to November in the Daejeon River showed that the number of species and individuals decreased gradually over time, and the number of dominant species decreased sharply between September and October. Similarity analysis indicated that sampling dates that were closer together yielded sampled assemblages with higher faunal similarity. In addition, in each sampling, the difference in the minimum temperature during the two-week period prior to sampling and faunal similarities were negatively correlated. Conclusions: This study provides foundational data that could enhance our understanding of insect diversity in D. ciliaris. The data can facilitate ecological conservation and management of Korean grasslands generally, as well as identification of potential pests that may disperse from D. ciliaris communities to nearby farmland.

식량(食糧)의 안정적(安定的) 공급(供給)을 위한 산지개발이용의 필요성(必要性)과 전망(展望) (The Impact of the Reclamation and Utilization of Idle Hillside Lands on Future Food Production in Korea)

  • 박종문
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.213-233
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    • 1979
  • 장기적(長期的)으로 2000년대(年代)를 전망(展望)할 때 인구(人口)의 증가에 따른 우리나라 국민의 주곡(主穀) 수요량(需要量)은 계속 크게 증가 될 것이고 특히(特) 경제성장이 지속되고 국민의 소득(所得)이 향상(向上)됨에 따라 육류(肉類), 우유, 계란 등(等) 축산물(畜産物) 수요량(需要量)이 급증할 것이며 이와 상응하여 옥수수, 밀, 콩, 과수(果樹), 채소(菜蔬) 등(等)의 수요량(需要量)이 점진적(漸進的)으로 증가할 것이다. 이와같이 수요량(需要量)은 크게 증가할 전망(展望)에 있는 반면(反面) 작물(作物)의 재배기지(栽培基地)인 농경지(農耕地)는 공업화(工業化) 과정(過程)에 따른 기존(旣存) 농경지(農耕地)의 잠식 및 전용은 점차 심화할 것이므로 현재와 같은 추세(趨勢)로 큰 전환없는 실정이 그대로 1991년(年)까지 이어진다면 식량(食糧)의 자급도(自給度)는 현재(現在)의 79%에서 62% 정도(程度)의 수준(水準)으로 감소(減少)될 것으로 예상된다. 이에 대처 국내식량, 축산물(畜産物), 채소(菜蔬), 과수(果樹) 등(等)의 자급도(自給度)를 높이는 길은 기존 농경지(農耕地)의 전용억제와 경지이용도제고(耕地利用度提高) 등(等) 시책(施策)을 계속 강력히 추진(推進)해야 할 것이며 특(特)히 무엇보다도 주요(主要)한 것은 산지(山地)의 대대적(大大的) 개간이용(開墾利用)과 간척지(干拓地)의 개발 등(等) 농경지(農耕地)의 외연적(外延的) 확대를 서둘러 농경지(農耕地) 신규소요면적(新規所要面積)을 확대 확보(確保)해야 할 것이다. 산지(山地)의 개간이용(開墾利用)에 있어서는 합리적(合理的) 개간공법(開墾工法)의 도입(導入), 토양(土壤)의 유실방지(流失防止), 토양(土壤)의 물리화학적 특성(特性)에 바탕을 둔 이화학적 개량(改良), 농업지대(農業地帶)의 구분설정, 입지적(立地的) 조건을 감안한 적지적작(適地適作) 지정(指定), 개간지(開墾地)의 경제성 조사(調査) 등(等)이 긴요(緊要)하며 또한 산지개간(山地開墾)에 있어서 농로관개(農路灌漑), 토양보전처리, 배수(排水) 등(等) 기간시설(基幹施設)의 정부지원(政府支援)으로 농민(農民)의 산지개발의욕을 고취(鼓吹)시키고 안전영농을 도모하여 개발된 땅이 단수제고(段收提高)와 소득증대로 연결(連結)될 수 있도록 뒷받침하여 우리나라 국민의 식량(食糧) 수요량(需要量)을 안정적(安定的)으로 생산공급(生産供給)할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.

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수도해충(水稻害蟲) 천적(天敵)의 보호(保護) 및 이용(利用)에 관(關)한 기초(基礎) 연구(硏究) (Feasibility Studies on the Biological Control by Augmentation and Conservation of Natural Enemies of Rice Paddy)

  • 장영덕
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.18-28
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    • 1981
  • 수도해충(水稻害蟲) 천적(天敵)의 개발(開發)과 이들의 계절적(季節的) 밀도변동상황(密度變動狀況)을 파악(把握)하고 천적(天敵)에 안전(安全)한 약제철(藥劑撤) 포(布) 시기(時期)를 구명(究明)하는 한편 선택성(選擇性) 약제(藥劑)를 선발(選拔)하여 이들 천적(天敵)을 보호증식(保護增植)할 수 있는 종합방제확립(綜合防除確立)의 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고저 본(本) 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果) 마음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 논보다 논뚝이 보다 천적(天敵)이 풍부(豊富)하고 다양(多樣)하였으며 가장 많은 종류(種類)로서는 Braconid, Mymarid, Pteromalid등이었다. 이들 기생봉(寄生蜂)의 활동(活動)이 가장 활발(活發)한 시기(時期)는 8하(下)~9중순(中旬)이었다. 2. 논에 누식(累息)하는 포식성천적(捕食性天敵)인 거미로 Pirata subpiratious (황산적 거미)가 전체(全體) 논거마의 72%를 차지하고 있었으며 1년(年)에 3회(回) 발생(發生)하고 있었다. 그 다음으로는 Gnatonarium dentatum(황갈애접시거미), Pachygnatha clerki(턱거미), Clubiona Japonicola(노랑염낭거미)등이 많았다. 3. 기생봉(寄生蜂)과 포식(捕食)거미의 활동(活動)이 가장 활발(活發)한 시기(時期)는 8상(上)~중순(中旬)과 9상(上)~중순(中旬)이 었으며 가급적(可級的)이 시기(時期)를 피하(避)여 방제(防除)하는 것이 바람직하다. 4. 현재(現在) 사용(使用)하고 있는 수도용(水稻用) 살충제(殺蟲劑)들의 선택독성(選擇毒性)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 벼멸구 보다 황산적거미가 3.1~125.5배(倍), 황산적거미 보다 황갈애접시거미가 1.1~73.1배(倍)나 더 강(强)한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. Padan, Oiazinon, Carbofuran등(等) 3 종(種)의 약제중(藥劑中) 실제(實際) 단장(圃場)에서 논거미 밀도(密度)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 Padan이 비교적(比較的) 적은 편(便)이었다.

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漢江 水質保全 行政에 관한 硏究 (A Study on the Administration for the Han River Water Quality Control)

  • Kim, Kwang Hyop
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.9-40
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    • 1984
  • This thesis purports to overview the diverse administrative and organizational factors and plannings developed by the government organizations, municipal or otherwise, to tackle the Han River water pollution issues in the past years. This thesis also looks into the ever-worsening Han River water pollution problems, in particular, in terms of the various government plans ostensibly designed to reduce the pollution level but with little success. Also dealt with are the efficiencies with which the laws and decrees on water pollution the administrative organizations put to use in the prosecution of the diverse antiwater pollution projects involving the Han River basin. From the early 1960's up to the 1970's the government had concentrated on the growth-oriented economic policy with the result that little attention had been paid to the water pollution and other environmental issues that are bound to arise from the massive economic growth. Belatedly, the five-year Hah River Development Project was initiated in 1982 with emphasis on reducing the water pollution level at Hah River to the minimum. The following are the gists of the thesis and recommendations for the future antiwater pollution plans by the administrative organizations: 1. Documents to date indicate that the irrigation projects along the Han River area had been the main focus of attention during the Yi Dynasty and under the Japanese rule of the country. 2. Despite that the water pollution issue became the subject of many debates among the academic and research institutions in the 1960's and in the 1970's, the administrative organizations in charge of the Han River water quality control failed to come up with a concrete plan for the river's water quality control. 3. Nevertheless, the water pollution of the Han River area in fact began in the 1950's, with the unprecedented concentration into Seoul of population and the industrial facilities on a larger scale, in particular, enforced by the government's strong growthoriented policy in its Economic Development plans in the 1960's. 4. Starting in the 1960's, the Han River water pollution level dramatically increased, but the government was reluctant to promulgate or put into effect strong measures to curb the many factors contributing to the river water pollution, thus worsening the environmental issues along the Han River basin. 5. The environmental protection law and other laws and decrees relating to the antiwater and air pollution issues that were subsequently put into effect underwent so many changes that efficient anti-water pollution policies could not be effected for the Han River basin. The frequent organizational reshuffle within the administrative units concerned with environmental problems has resulted in the undue waste in personnel management and finance. 6. The administration on the environmental protection could not be efficiently carried out due to the organizational overlapping. Under the existing law, frequent organizational frictions and inefficiency are bound to occur among the central government offices themselves, as well as between the central government and the Seoul city administration, and among the city's administrative offices over the conservation of the Han River basin and over the river's anti-water pollution issue. 7. In the planning and prosecution of the Han River project, political influences from the president down to the lower-level politicious appear to have been involved. These political influences in the past had certainly had negative influence on the project, nevertheless, it appears that in the recent years, these political influences are not all that negative in view of the fact that they serve as a positive contributing factor in developing a better water quality control project along the Han River basin. The following are a few recommendations based on the data from the thesis: First, officials in charge of the Han River water quality control should pay attention to a careful screening of the opinions and recommendations from the academic circles and from the public should be made so that the government could better grasp the core issues in the environmental problems that require preventive and other necessary measures. Second, vigorous redistribution policies of population and industrial facilities away from the Seoul area should be pursued. Third, the government should refrain from revising or revamping too frequently the laws and decrees on the anti-water pollution, which is feared to cause undue inconveniences in the environmental administration. Fourth, a large-scale streamlining should be made to the existing administrative organization in an effort to do away with the inter- and intra-organizational friction. It is recommended that a secretariat for the Hah River basis conservation be established. Fifth, High-level administrative officials, with a thorough knowledge and vision on the Han River water quality control, should be prepared to better deal with the budgeting and personnel management for the Han River water pollution control not only at the control government, but also at the Seoul city municipal government levels. Environmental issues should be kept distinct from political issues. Environmental issues should not serve as a window-dressing for sheer political purposes. Sixth, the Hah River proiect should also include, along with the main Han River basin, those areas covering North Han River, South Han River, and the tributaries to the main river basin. The 'Han River Basin Water Quality Control Board' should be established immediately as a means of strengthening the current Han River basin water quality control policy. Seventh, in drawing up the Han River proiect, the administrative officials should be aware that Han River basin is a life line for those people in the region, providing them with not only a sheer physical space, but with a psychological living space for their everyday life.

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