• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.48-60
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• 2006

This study was carried out to create a master plan for an urban eco-forest, including concepts of forest restoration, forest management, and nature education. The concept of an urban eco-forest is different from the original eco-forest, which pursues the conservation of native species in their habitats, using the resources of special plants, etc. The study site was a hill (128m) managed as an urban natural park. Citizens have usually used the park for fitness purposes, as a place for outdoor exercise early mornings on weekdays and holidays. The result of a questionnaire survey showed that the users knew about the eco-forest, and they wanted to participate in the nature education programs. The flora and actual vegetation were weak about conservation of native species on the site. The framework of the plan consisted of development of the ecological forest and forest restoration, and allowed for recreation and the experience of nature, according to the concepts of the urban eco-forest. The landscape was divided into the experience zone of biodiversity, the experience zone of a valley ecosystem, the forest restoration zone, and the recreation and experience zone in nature. Based on this framework, detailed programs and theme areas were planned, as were forest restoration models and planting plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.26-37
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• 2004

Most domestic small rivers and streams due to industrialization and urbanization have managed by concrete structures. The environmental functions of the river and stream are disappearing and urban streams play only the role of drainage systems. Also, the researches to restore natural streams are something yet to develop and not established the restoration for ecological functions of a small stream. Therefore the researches are required to develop ecological engineering system for watershed management system to handle various pollutants with restoration for ecological functions of a small stream. To develop this, the ecological engineering system for watershed management system could be developed with ecological conservation. In addition, ecological engineering system for watershed management system should be prior to conserve the habitat of biological resources and water conservation and applied to the original shape of streams. Also, it should be designed to restore the micro-topography of stream, the habitat of plant population in watershed. It is needed to develop the integrated researches to restore a small stream ecosystem.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2022

Many investigations have been conducted on the biological damage and environmental conditions necessary to preserve the Janggyeong Panjeon and Daejanggyeongpan (woodblocks). We performed a survey on the concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in the Janggyeong Panjeon and compared them with the results of a survey from 2012. The temperature of the Beopbojeon building was slightly lower, while the relative humidity was higher than those found at the Sudarajang building. The concentration of airborne fungi in the Beopbojeon was 1.44-fold that of the Sudarajang. It was confirmed that the concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in the Janggyeong Panjeon differed depending on the sampling site. In total, 23 fungal genera were identified from the air samples, and 11 fungal and 1 bacterial genera were identified from the surface of the woodblocks. Among these, only five types of fungi were commonly distributed in the indoor air and surface of the Daejanggyeongpan; however, 58.3% of the fungi identified on the surface of the woodblocks were not observed in the in the air samples. The surface-dwelling fungi may accumulate dust to form microbial communities over time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2005

The objectives of this research is searching for the improvement scheme of spacial use of the Nature Environmental Conservation and its Utilization Facility through the analysis of those existing facilities from the structural and operational view points. In this study, firstly, analysis is commencing with the distinction of lawful and operational concepts of Nature Environmental Conservation and its Utilization Facility. In law, the concept is defined as an individual facility, while practical use of the concept has been understood as a collective space itself. Secondly, frequency tables in regard to the duration of the construction, types of location and objectives, and facility numbers are prepared on the basis of 53 cases of completed and under construction facilities. Conclusively, through the comparisons of facilities of Korea, United Kingdom and Germany, the future considerations on the improvement of the facilities in light of structural and operational aspects has been recommended. In structural view, ecological conservation aspect should be considered from the planning stage of the facility. And at the operational stage, various considerations should be given to the employment of facility experts and development of educational programs respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.897-902
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify wood species from main pillars of Daeungjeon Hall, the main building of Jeonghyesa Temple located in Suncheon, Jeollanamdo Province in Korea. It was known that this temple had been built in the $8^{th}$ century by Hyeso, a national master in the Unified Silla period, and was designated as Treasure No. 804 in 1984 due to its historic and academic values. The results of wood species identification showed that main pillars from Daeungjeon Hall of the Jeonghyesa Temple were made of hard pine, Korean fir (Abies spp.) and Zelkova tree (Zelkova spp.). In addition to the wood species identification, floor plan documentation was also done to help identify what wood species had been used for main pillars. These results could be applied and utilized for the conservation and restoration of Daeungjeon Hall in future. This study may help with the authenticity of conservation works.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Among the 13 species of otters in the world, only one Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is found in South Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, otter pelts were historically valuable and expensive commodities used for international trade, and otters have long been poached as hunting animals. Recent rapid economic development in South Korea has increased habitat fragmentation and loss, creating a continuing threat to the natural environment. Otters live only in the area of rivers and streams as a family group and are territorial (linear habitat). Due to these limited conditions of otter habitat, the population size of otter is lower than that of onshore mammals. According to recent research, DNA analyses using microsatellite markers have shown that only approximately 7-21 otter individuals inhabit river systems for a length of 50-230 km. Korea's urban streams are associated with many threats that hinder otters from inhabiting them. Many areas around the urban streams are surrounded by high concrete riverbanks, and the risk of roadkill is also high. Nevertheless, ecological restoration projects in the urban rivers will contribute greatly to the stable inhabitation of otters. Detailed otter conservation strategies, such as the elimination of threat factors, improvement of habitat environment, and restoration of food resources and shelter, will provide a positive restoration effect on otter and river ecosystems as well.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.8
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• pp.13-34
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• 1987

A large number of metallic relics were excavated by a team of Kyungsang University museum (Nov. 25, 1985 - Jan. 29, 1986) from the groups of tombs located at No. 9 Mountain,Okchun Village, Sungsan-Ri, Ssangchak-Myon, Hyopchun-Kun, Kyungsangnam-Do which are believed to date back to Kaya period. The Research Institute of Cultural Properties was in charge performing scientific conservation and restoration for the iron cuirass and horse halmet (for one year and seven months, Feb. '86 - Sep. '87)The scientific processing for them are as follows :1. Taken Photo and record the actual conditions prior to conservation.2. Taken radiography3. Elimate Goethite ($\alpha$-FeOOH) layer on the surface using Air-brasive, remaining Magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) layer.4. Treat to dechlorinize with 3% Sodium-Sesquicarbonate5. Protected the relics with Ruscoat acryl resin using vacuum infiltration method.6. Joint the sherd using Araldite and Microballoon mixture.7. Restored missing parts by Araldite SV 427 and HV 4278. Made record and taken photo after restoration Several hundred of sherds of relics, small or large, were restored by assortment which this method for the purpose of contributing to the further study of ancient Kaya history.* Conservator, National Research Institute of Cultural Properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

This study was conducted to establish inventory and propose conservation strategy of 'village wetlands' in Cheonan. As results, the village wetlands are defined as such places as palustrine wetland, village embankment, agricultural reservoir or small reservoirs located in or near the village and related to everyday life or farming. Firstly 791 provisional village wetlands were identified in Cheonan by using Arc-GIS 10.1, then 104 wetlands were defined as village wetlands and listed the inventory of Cheonan Village Wetlands after being validated through their area (greater than $1,000m^2$), satellite images, Korea Land Information System, land use map, land coverage map and field survey. Finally the 49 wetlands were selected for detailed surveying, and function assessment. As the result of the wetland function assessments, 11 wetlands were found to have 'high' wetland function (conservation) 30 wetlands were 'average' (enhancement) and 8 wetlands were 'low' (restoration or enhancement). Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services through ecological management of wetlands in Cheonan and connecting with an ecological network were proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.36-51
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• 2006

Although the demand and necessity for the facilities of nature environmental conservation and its utilization have been increased recently, the local governments has been experiencing difficulties to launch the facilities since there are no confirmed principles or guidelines for the direction of the facility and distinctions from the ordinary parks. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to provide the overall framework for establishing the facility by equipping checklists from planning to operational stage. The stages are disengaged into 5 steps of siting feasibility, planning, preliminary environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment, design, construction, and operation. This paper also include the recommendations to vitalize the existing facilities, of which expansion of educational program development; utilization of various manpower; provision of appropriate settings; strengthened monitoring; and increased public relations. Furthermore, it is suggested to consider the strengthened local characteristics, reviewing management plan at the stage of applying a new facility establishment to the concerned authority, fostering experts, and expansion of the facilities through restoration of environmentally damaged areas for a new facility.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.93-114
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• 2002

Legal regimes of major countries actively involved in wetland programs including USA, Japan, Germany, Netherlands, and Denmark, show that these leading nations have developed their own legal regimes and policies for the conservation and restoration of wetlands since early 1990s. The main feature of their position is to preserve, create and restore wetlands, including tidal flats. However, this approach, so called 'mitigation' policy, is thus far, not a fully established policy but an evolving one. For Korea, there are only a few laws and policies which hint at the importance of creating coastal wetlands as a conservation measure, however, most of those systems only exist as vague provisions which lack any tangible and compulsory implementing procedures and technical guidelines. It seems that it is necessary to strengthen the legal measures for conserving coastal wetlands in Korea including specifying economic assessment methods and funding sources for the creation, restoration and rehabilitation of tidal flats to firmly establish a national wetland mitigation policy.