• 한국데이타베이스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이타베이스학회 1999년도 국제컨퍼런스 디지털컨텐츠 활용을 통한 지식경영의 확산
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• pp.25-66
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• 1999

Focus on Interoperability: There will not be consensus on hardware platforms; There will not be consensus on operating systems; There will not be consensus on network protocols; There will not be consensus on application formats. (omitted)

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2013

This paper presents a consensus algorithm for uMAS (uncertain Multi-Agent Systems). Unlike previous results in which only nominal models for agents are considered, it is assumed that the uncertain agent model belongs to a known polytope set. In the middle of deriving the proposed algorithm, a convex set is found which includes all uncertainties in the problem using convexity of the polytope set. This set plays an important role in designing the consensus algorithm for uMAS. Based on the set, a consensus condition for uMAS is proposed and the corresponding consensus design problem is solved using LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality). Simulation result shows that the proposed consensus algorithm successfully leads to consensus of the state of uMAS.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to suggest an improved version of Proof-of-Nonce (PoN) algorithm, which is a distributed consensus algorithm used for block chain system. Methods: First, we used response surface method for design of experiment that is to generate experimental points considering non-linear relationship among variables. Then, we employed overlapped contour plots for visualizing the impact of control variables to performance target. Results: First, we modified the consensus procedure of the existing PoN algorithm by diminishing the content of the exchanged message. Then, we verified the performance improvement of the new PoN algorithm by performing a numerical experiment and paired t-test. Finally, we established new regression models for consensus time and Transactions per second (TPS) and proposed a method for optimizing control variables for obtaining performance target. Conclusion: We could improve the performance of the previous version of PoN algorithm by modifying the content of the exchanged message during 4-steps of consensus procedure, which might be a stepping stone for designing an efficient and effective consensus algorithm for blockchain system with dynamic operation environment.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.361-366
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• 2015

The objective of this paper was to establish the attributes that determines neighbourhood satisfaction in South Africa lowincome housing subsidy scheme ultilising the Delphi approach. This is because the perception and housing satisfaction of lowincome housing beneficiaries toward their housing condition can be studied by examining their satisfaction toward s the neighbourhood factors. The Delphi method was used where the views of housing experts were solicited on 26 potential attributes as identified from li terature. Consensus was achieved after three iterative rounds. The expert"s scored each attributes on a 10-point ordinal scale of impact significance, where 1-2=No impact and 9-10= very high impact. The scales adapted for consensus were: strong consensus, median 9-10, inter quartile deviation (IQD) ≤1; good consensus, median 7 ≤ 6.99and IQD≥2.1≤3. The key findings indicate that there was a good to strong consensus of 19 attributes which were key attributes that the experts perceived as determinants of neighbourhood satisfaction; while 6 other attributes had weak consensus, as they were considered to have a le sser impact in determining residents" neighbourhood satisfaction. However, attributes with weak consensus were the attributes that are highly regarded as core neighbourhood factors in other housing settings. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on th e subject where no consensus has been reached pertaining to indicators for measuring neighbourhood satisfaction in subsidised low-income housing in South Africa.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 NFT 거래 시 거래비용과 처리시간의 증가 및 스마트 계약 실행 시 발생하는 거래 안정성 요구을 높이기 위한 방법으로 다양한 블록체인 합의알고리즘의 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 성능 비교를 위한 평가항목으로 네트워크 신뢰성, TPS, 합의알고리즘의 안정성의 세 가지 평가항목에 대하여 제시하였다. 각 평가항목에 대한 정형화된 식을 수립하기 위하여 연산식에 노드의 신뢰도와 스마트 계약 성공률 등을 변수로 고려하였으며 동일 조건하에 PoW와 Raft, PBFT 세 개 그룹의 합의알고리즘에 대하여 성능을 비교하고 분석하였다. 성능평가 결과 네트워크 신뢰도는 세 그룹의 성능이 유사하였으며 나머지 두 개의 평가항목의 경우 다른 합의알고리즘 대비 PBFT 합의알고리즘이 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 성능평가 연산식과 결과를 통하여 PBFT 합의시 본 연구에서 제안한 처리 과정을 합의 과정에 반영하여 처리할 경우 네트워크 신뢰성을 보장하고 합의 알고리즘의 안정성과 경제적 효율성을 높일 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2012

Mycoplasmas are highly fastidious bacteria, difficult to culture and slow growing. Infections with Mycoplasma species can cause a variety of problems in living organisms and in vitro cell cultures. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of a genus-specific consensus PCR analysis method to detect Mycoplasma species. The developed consensus primer pairs MycoF and MycoR were designed specifically to amplify the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA) of Mycoplasma species by the optimized PCR system. The developed consensus PCR system effectively amplified 215 bp of Mycoplasma genus-specific region of 16S rRNA. In conclusion, we recommend this consensus PCR for monitoring Mycoplasma species in animals, human and cell culture system.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1218-1224
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• 2008

유전자의 상위부분에 위치하면서 해당 유전자의 발현을 제어하는 신호부위 역할을 하는 프로모터 영역은 다양한 전사인자들이 결합하는 특정 신호부위들을 갖고 있다. 이러한 전사인자 결합부위들은 프로모터 영역 내의 매우 다양한 위치에 자리잡고 있으며, 진화론적으로 잘 보존된 Consensus 형태의 염기서열 패턴을 띠고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 Consensus 패턴 탐색에 사용되는 Wataru 방법, EM 알고리즘, MEME 알고리즘, 유전자 알고리즘 및 Phylogenetic Footprinting 기법 등에 대해 소개하고, 향후 연구방향에 대한 전망을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.101-128
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• 2018

Thanks to its potential in many applications, Blockchain has recently been nominated as one of the technologies exciting intense attention. Blockchain has solved the problem of changing the original low-trust centralized ledger held by a single third-party, to a high-trust decentralized form held by different entities, or in other words, verifying nodes. The key contribution of the work of Blockchain is the consensus algorithm, which decides how agreement is made to append a new block between all nodes in the verifying network. Blockchain algorithms can be categorized into two main groups. The first group is proof-based consensus, which requires the nodes joining the verifying network to show that they are more qualified than the others to do the appending work. The second group is voting-based consensus, which requires nodes in the network to exchange their results of verifying a new block or transaction, before making the final decision. In this paper, we present a review of the Blockchain consensus algorithms that have been researched and that are being applied in some well-known applications at this time.

• 대기
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2018

In this study, a new consensus technique for predicting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity in the western North Pacific was developed. The most important feature of the present consensus model is to select and combine the guidance numerical models with the best performance in the previous years based on various evaluation criteria and averaging methods. Specifically, the performance of the guidance models was evaluated using both the mean absolute error and the correlation coefficient for each forecast lead time, and the number of the numerical models used for the consensus model was not fixed. In averaging multiple models, both simple and weighted methods are used. These approaches are important because that the performance of the available guidance models differs according to forecast lead time and is changing every year. In particular, this study develops both a multi-consensus model (M-CON), which constructs the best consensus models with the lowest error for each forecast lead time, and a single best consensus model (S-CON) having the lowest 72-hour cumulative mean error, through on training process. The evaluation results of the selected consensus models for the training and forecast periods reveal that the M-CON and S-CON outperform the individual best-performance guidance models. In particular, the M-CON showed the best overall performance, having advantages in the early stages of prediction. This study finally suggests that forecaster needs to use the latest evaluation results of the guidance models every year rather than rely on the well-known accuracy of models for a long time to reduce prediction error.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2018

Recently, blockchain technology has been recognized as one of the most important issues for the 4th Industrial Revolution which can be represented by Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things. Cryptocurrency, named Bitcoin, was the first successful implementation of blockchain, and it triggered the emergence of various cryptocurrencies. In addition, blockchain technology has been applied to various applications such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, logistics as well as public services. Distributed consensus algorithm is an essential component in blockchain, and it enables all nodes belonging to blockchain network to make an agreement, which means all nodes have the same information. For example, Bitcoin uses a consensus algorithm called Proof-of-Work (PoW) that gives possession of block generation based on the computational volume committed by nodes. However, energy consumption for block generation in PoW has drastically increased due to the growth of computational performance to prove the possession of block. Although many other distributed consensus algorithms including Proof-of-Stake are suggested, they have their own advantages and limitations, and new research works should be proposed to overcome these limitations. For doing this, above all things, we need to establish an evaluation method existing distributed consensus algorithms. Based on this motivation, in this work, we suggest and analyze assessment items by classifying them as efficiency and safety perspectives for investigating existing distributed consensus algorithms. Furthermore, we suggest new assessment criteria and their implementation methods, which can be used for a baseline for improving performance of existing distributed consensus algorithms and designing new consensus algorithm in future.