• 품질경영학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-34
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• 1989

In this paper, we propose the Bayes estimators of the reliability for a system consisting of the left-truncated exponential components under the truncated normal distribution as a conjugate prior distribution and squared - error loss function on the series, parallel and k-out-of-m : G system. And we compare the proposed Bayes estimators of the system reliability each other in terms of MSE performances and stabilities by the Monte Carlo simulation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.878-883
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• 2004

Tacrolimus (FK506), which is isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis, is a new potent immu-nosuppressant. Because of poor solubility in water, the conventional intravenous dosage forms of tacrolimus contain surfactants such as cremophor EL (BASF Wyandotte Co.) or hydroge-nated polyoxy 60 castor oil (HCO-60) which may cause adverse effects. This study relates to a polymer-tacrolimus conjugate, which can be dissolved in water, formed by chemically binding the sparingly soluble drug, tacrolimus, with the water soluble polymer, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG). Water soluble tacrolimus-mPEG conjugates have been synthesized and shown to be function in vitro as prodrugs. These conjugates are in the form of an ester wherein the 24-, 32- or 24,32-positions are esterified. The desired 24-, 32- or 24,32-esterified com-pounds were obtained by initially acylating of tacrolimus with iodoacetic acid at the 24-,32-, or 24,32-positions and then reacting the resulting acylated tacrolimus with a mPEG in the pres-ence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate. These conjugates were converted again into tac-rolimus by the action of enzymes in human liver homogenate, and the half-lives of the conjugates are approximately 10 min in the homogenate, indicating that the esterified tacroli-mus derivatives may be practically applicable as a prod rug for the immunosuppressant.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2018

This paper contains a consistent couple-stress theory to capture size effects in Euler-Bernoulli nano-beams made of three-directional functionally graded materials (TDFGMs). These models can degenerate into the classical models if the material length scale parameter is taken to be zero. In this theory, the couple-stress tensor is skew-symmetric and energy conjugate to the skew-symmetric part of the rotation gradients as the curvature tensor. The material properties except Poisson's ratio are assumed to be graded in all three axial, thickness and width directions, which it can vary according to an arbitrary function. The governing equations are obtained using the concept of minimum potential energy. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is used to solve the governing equations for various boundary conditions to obtain the natural frequencies of TDFG nano-beam. At the end, some numerical results are performed to investigate some effective parameter on buckling load. In this theory the couple-stress tensor is skew-symmetric and energy conjugate to the skew-symmetric part of the rotation gradients as the curvature tensor.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.14-17
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• 2007

To make use of surveying data obtained from different sensors and different techniques in a common reference frame, it is a pre-requite step to register them in a common coordinate system. For this purpose, we have developed a methodology to register IKONOS-2 Satellite Imagery using ALS data. To achieve this, conjugate features from these data should be extracted in advance. In the study, linear features are chosen as conjugate features because they can be accurately extracted from man-made structures in urban area, and more easily than point features from ALS data. Then, observation equations are established from similarity measurements of the extracted features. During the process, considering the characteristics of systematic errors in IKONOS-2 satellite imagery, the transformation function were selected and used. In addition, we also analyzed how the number of linear features and their spatial distribution used as control features affect the accuracy of registration. Finally, the results were evaluated statistically and the results clearly demonstrated that the proposed algorithms are appropriate to register these data.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.566-576
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• 1995

A Computational code has been developed in order to design axial fans by the numerical optimization techniques incorporated with flow analysis code solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation. The steepest descent method and the conjugate gradient method are used to look for the search direction in the design space, and the golden section method is used for one-dimensional search. To solve the constrained optimization problem, sequential unconstrained minimization technique, SUMT, is used with imposed quadratic extended interior penalty functions. In the optimization of two-dimensional cascade design, the ratio of drag coefficient to lift coefficient is minimized by the design variables such as maximum thickness, maximum ordinate of camber and chord wise position of maximum ordinate. In the application of this numerical optimization technique to the design of an axial fan, the efficiency is maximized by the design variables related to the sweep angle distributed by quadratic function along the hub to tip of fan.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.550-554
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• 2003

Current nanogold cluster synthesized by chemical routine with 11 or 55 atoms of gold has been widely used for immuno chemistry probe as a form of nanocluster conjugated with biomolecules. It would be an undeveloped region that the 1 nm size of nanogold could be made by materials engineering processing. Therefore, objective of this study is to minimize the size of gold nanocluster as a function of operating temperature and chamber pressure in inert gas condensation (IGC) processing. Evaporation temperature was controlled by input current from 50 A to 65 A. Chamber pressure was controlled by argon gas with a range of 0.05 to 2 torr. The gold nanocluster by IGC was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gold nanocluster for TEM analysis was directly sampled with special in-situ method during the processing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe 3-D nanogold layer surfaces on a slide glass for the following biomolecule conjugation step. The size of gold nanoclusters had a close relationship with the processing condition such as evaporation temperature and chamber pressure. The approximately 1 nm size of nanogold was obtained at the processing condition for 1 torr at $1124 ^{\circ}C$.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 대규모 3차원 구조해석에 필요한 병렬 유한요소해석을 위한 영역분할법의 적용에 대해 묘사하였다. 영역분할법을 사용한 병렬 유한요소법 시스템을 개발하였다. 절점 생성시, 절점들간의 거리가 특정절점에서의 공간함수와 같아지면 절점이 생성되어 진다. 이 절점공간함수는 퍼지지식처리에 의해 조절되어 진다. 기본적인 요소생성은 데로우니 삼각화 기법을 적용하였다. 자동요소생성 시스템을 이용한 영역분할법은 3차원 해석에 큰 도움이 된다. 공간함수와 유사하게 절점들간의 유한요소해석을 위한 병렬 수치 알고리즘으로서 영역분할법을 전체의 해석영역을 완전히 여러 개의 작은 영역으로 겹치지 않게 나누는 공역구배인 반복적 솔버와 결합시켰다. 개발된 시스템의 효용성에 대한 성능을 몇 가지 예를 통해 제시하였다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

헬리콥터를 이용한 항공자력탐사는 정해진 고도를 따라 지표면에 평행하게 이루어지지만, 고해상도 탐사에서는 특히 측정이 이루어지는 고도가 너무 변화하여 평탄면으로 간주할 수 없는 경우가 있다. 이 연구에서는 모서리 효과를 조절할 수 있도록 주변 자력원이 포함되는 등가원 방법을 이용하여 이러한 자료를 변환하는 방법을 개발하였고, 3차원적으로 무작위하게 분포하는 점의 자료를 직접적으로 모델화하였다. 이 문제는 일반적으로 under-determined 이지만 CG 법은 최소 norm 해를 찾을 수 있으며, 자력이상을 자력원과 연관시키는 조화함수를 선택할 자유가 있는데, 상향연속 함수 연산자가 선택되면 등가원 자체가 자력이상이 된다. 기본자기장의 방향으로의 자기 쌍극자분포를 자력원으로 선택하면, 자기 쌍극자의 방향을 수직으로 돌려줌으로써 쉽게 자극화 변환 이상을 유도할 수 있다.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

복합재 적층판의 기계적 특성값 $E_1,\;E_2,\;V_{12},\;G_{12}$을 설계변수로 하는 변수식별을 수행하여 동적 거동을 보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 동적 모델을 확보하였다. 간단한 진동실험을 통해 고유진동수를 측정한 후 대상구조물에 대한 고유치의 실험값과 수치해석값 사이의 오차들의 합으로 목적함수를 구성하였다. 목적함수를 최소화하기 위해 최적화 방법으로 conjugate gradient method를 사용하였다. 최적화 과정 중 설계변수를 증감시키기 위해 민감도 해석이 수행된다. 민감도 해석을 통해 변수식별 결과도 설명할 수 있었다. 변수식별 결과의 타당성을 검토하기 위해 식별전후의 모드형상을 비교하였다. 식별된 기계적 특성값을 사용하여 보다 정확하게 복합재 적층판의 고유진동수를 예측할 수 있었다. 결과의 적용을 위해 식별된 기계적 특성값을 사용하여 다른 적층순서를 가진 복합재 적층판의 고유진동수를 예측해 보고 실험결과와 비교해 보았다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2666-2671
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• 2007

This work presents microchannel heat sink shape optimization procedure using Kriging method. Design variables relating to microchannel width, depth and fin width are selected, and thermal resistance has been taken as objective function. Design points are selected through a three-level fractional factorial design of sampling method. Navier-Stokes and energy equations for laminar flow and conjugate heat transfer are solved at these design points using a finite volume solver. Solutions are carefully validated with experimental results. Using the numerically evaluated objective function, a surrogate model (Kriging) is constructed and optimum point is searched by sequential quadratic programming. The process of shape optimization greatly improves the thermal performance of microchannel heat sink under constant pumping power.