• Title/Summary/Keyword: coniferous forest

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A Phytosociological Description of the Abies koreana Forest on Mt. Halla in Cheju Island, Korea (한라산 구상나무림에 대한 식물사회학적 연구)

  • ;;Kikuchik, T.
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 1997
  • The floristic composition of the Korean-fir(Abies koreana Wilson) forest on Mt. Halla in Cheju Island, Korea, was described and some other phytosociological features were noted. The dense tree layer of the Abies koreana forest under consideration attained a height of no more than 5-7m. The shrub layer was 1.2-2m high and usually inconspicuous, while the herb layer, 0.3-0.5m high, was remarkable. The forest contained a number of species which are characteristic of the subalopine coniferous in Japan, particularly that in Hokkaido. Moreover, the specific synchronized regeneration called wave-regeneration was found in the forest on Mt. Halla at several sites even though the data on this phenomenon do not present in the present report.

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Phytosociological Study on the Terricolous Bryophyte Community in the Mixed Coniferous and Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest on Deongnyusan (덕유산의 침광혼효림에 분포하는 임상선태류군락의 식물사회학적 연구)

  • 송종석
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.131-140
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    • 2002
  • The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest of cool temperate zone on Deongnyusan(1,616m) south-eastern part of the Korean Penninsula were investigated from the phytosociological viewpoint. As a result, a bryophyte community was recognized, considering the phytosociological unit of the forest: Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Thamnoblyum alopecurum community. This community was interpreted as a counterpart one of the Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Dicranum scoparium-Plagiothecium silvaticum community in the Jiri Mountains, but between the two communities, the species composition was somewhat different. The bryophyte community on the forest floor on Deongnyusan was confirmed as a synusie belonging to the Fraxino-Abietetum koreanae Song 1988. Up to date many investigators have described the coniferous forest distributed above 1,400m on Deongnysan as the forest vegetation of subarctic(=subalpine) zone. However, from the results of the present study, the forest vegetation, a mixed forest, was elucidated to be one of cool temperate zone. Species diversity of the terri-colous bryophyte community on Deongnyusan was very close to that of the communities of the similar type in the Jiri Mountains. The taxa of the bryophyte community was composed of 19 families,25 genera and 38 species.

Influences of Forest Type and Fragmentation by a Road on Beetle Communities in the Gwangneung Forest, South Korea

  • Kwon, Tae-Sung;Jung, Jong-Kook;Park, Young-Seuk
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2021
  • The effects of forest type and fragmentation of forests by a road on the beetle community were investigated in the Gwangneung Forest, South Korea. Beetles were collected monthly using pitfall traps and by sweeping at 16 sites (eight in coniferous forests and eight in deciduous forests) for one year from April 1993 to April 1994, excluding winter. A total of 17,616 beetles belonging to 271 species from 39 families were collected. Among them, Synuchus cycloderus was the dominant species, with 14,060 individuals accounting for 80% of the total population. The influence of forest type (coniferous and deciduous) or sampling region (fragmented by a road) on species richness(number of species) was observed. We found that species richness was substantially different depending on the sampling method and taxa used. Beetles collected using pitfall traps responded more sensitively to habitat types than those collected by sweeping. Four dominant families differently responded to forest fragmentation and forest types. Carabidae was influenced by forest fragmentation, whereas Staphylinidae and Curculionidae were influenced by forest types. Chrysomelidae was not influenced.

Vertical Distribution of Forest Types on the North - western Slope of Mt. Paektu (백두산 서북사면 삼람의 수직분포)

  • Chang, Nam-Kae;Sun-Kyung Lee;Hye-Ryun Kwon
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.435-448
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    • 1991
  • Mt. paektu(altitude 2,749.6m) is ecologically important because successional processes following volcanic eurption are quite clear. We investigated plant communities with altitude know vertical distribution of plant vegetation on the north-western slope of Mt. paektu was divided into five parts; the pine-hardwood forest zone(600∼1,000m alt.), the lower coniferous forest zone (1,000∼1,500 m alt.), the upper coniferous forest and birch forest zone(1,500∼2,000 m alt.), the alpine shrub zone(2,000∼2,500 m alt.) and the alpine meadow zone(2,500∼2,749 m alt.). In particular, the alpine zone was divided into alpine shrub and alpine meadow zones and distributed up to 2,500m alt. these results reflet the adaptations of these shrubs at this altitude. But these shrubby communities disappeared on the alpinemeadow zone. In the alpine meadow zone above than 2,500m alt., some meadows, papaver radicatum var pscudoradicatum. bistorta ochotensis, chrysathemum zawadskii var. latilobum etc., were occured.

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Hydrologic evaluation of SWAT considered forest type using MODIS LAI data: a case of Yongdam Dam watershed (MODIS LAI 자료를 활용하여 임상별로 고려한 SWAT의 수문 평가: 용담댐유역을 대상으로)

  • Han, Daeyoung;Lee, Jiwan;Kim, Wonjin;Baek, Seungchul;Kim, Seongjoon
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.54 no.11
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    • pp.875-889
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    • 2021
  • This study compares and analyzes the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) as coniferous, deciduous and mixed forest with Yongdam Dam upstream (904.4 km2). The hydrologic evaluation period was set to 10 years from 2010 to 2019, and the applicability of the 8-day MOD15A2 Leaf Area Index (LAI) data, 3 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) (GB, JC, CC), and 1 Flux Tower (DU) evaporation volume (YDD) data was simulated. As a result, the R2 of coniferous forest, deciduous forest and mixed forest are 0.95, 0.89, 0.90, soil moisture and evaportranspiration stations R2 were analyzed at 0.50 to 0.55 and 0.51, respectively, with R2 at 0.74, RMSE 2.75 mm/day, NSE 0.70 and PBIAS 14.3% for Yongdam inflow. Based on the calibrated and validated watersheds, the annual average evaportranspiration was calculated as coniferous 469.7 mm, deciduous 501. mm and 511.5 mm mixed forest, total runoff were estimated at coniferous 909.8 mm, deciduous 860.6 mm and 864.2 mm mixed forest. In the case of annual average evaportranspiration, it was evaluated that deciduous were high, but in the case of streamflow, it was evaluated that coniferous were high. Unlike other hydrologic with similar patterns throughout the year, the average annual evapotranspiration was about 7% higher than coniferous due to the higher evapotranspiration of deciduous with high leaf area index in summer and fall. In addition, deciduous were 9% and 6% higher for surface runoff and lateral flow, but the groundwater of coniferous was 77% higher. Therefore, it was confirmed that the total runoff was in order of coniferous, mixed forest, and deciduous.

Diversity and Distribution of Wood Decay Fungi in Korea

  • Kim, Nam Kyu;Kim, Dae Ho;Han, Sang Kuk;Cha, Du Song;Lee, Jong Kyu
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.126-135
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    • 2018
  • Wood decay fungi were collected in 47 different locations in eight provinces of South Korea from 2011 to 2013. One thousand and five hundreds three fruiting bodies of wood-decay fungi were collected, identified, and classified into 2 phyla, 7 classes, 19 orders, 56 families, 159 genera and 365 species. The most dominant genus and species found were Trametes and T. versicolor. The highest species diversity was found in broad-leaved forest (273 species), and was also found at elevations of 500-1,000 m (227 species). A total of 333 species were collected from broad-leaved trees, 87 species from coniferous trees, and 55 species were collected from both forest types. Gymnopilus liquiritiae was the most dominant species in coniferous trees, while T. versicolor, which was mostly collected from tree trunks below 500 m in elevation, was dominant in broad-leaved trees. Results from the quantitative cluster analysis of wood decay fungi showed that the highest species diversity index was 1.80 in the mixed forests, while the highest similarity among forest types was shown between the broad-leaved and mixed forests.

Classification of Forest Cover Types in the Baekdudaegan, South Korea

  • Chung, Sang Hoon;Lee, Sang Tae
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.269-279
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    • 2021
  • This study was carried out to introduce the forest cover types of the Baekdudaegan inhabiting the number of native tree species. In order to understand the vegetation distribution characteristics of the Baekdudaegan, a vegetation survey was conducted on the major 20 mountains of the Baekdudaegan. The vegetation data were collected from 3,959 sample points by the point-centered quarter method. Each mountain was classified into 4-7 forests by using various multivariate statistical methods such as cluster analysis, indicator species analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, and species composition analysis. The forests were classified mainly according to the relative abundance of Quercus mongolica. There was a total of 111 classified forests and these forests were integrated into the following nine forest cover types using the percentage similarity index and by clustering according to vegetation type: 1) Mongolian oak, 2) Mongolian oak and other deciduous, 3) Oaks (Mixed Quercus spp.), 4) Korean red pine, 5) Korean red pine and oaks, 6) ash, 7) mixed mesophytic, 8) subalpine zone coniferous, and 9) miscellaneous forest. Forests grouped within the subalpine zone coniferous and miscellaneous classifications were characterized by similar environmental conditions and those forests that did not fit in any other category, respectively.

Characteristics of Amphibian and Reptile Populations in a Coniferous Plantation and a Deciduous Forest (침엽수림과 활엽수림에 서식하는 양서류와 파충류 개체군 특성)

  • Park, Chang-Deuk;Son, Seung-Hun;Hwang, Hyun-Su;Lee, Woo-Shin;Lee, Eun-Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.103 no.1
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    • pp.147-151
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of amphibian and reptile (herpetofauna) populations in a coniferous plantation and a deciduous forest from July to September 2013 in national forest, Hongcheon, Gangwon province, Korea. Coverage of understory, mid-story and overstory were more developed in a deciduous forest. We used line transect sampling method on a total of 4 transect lines, 2 lines in each forest type. Fifty two individuals of 4 amphibian species and 11 individuals of 3 reptile species were recorded. Mean observed number of herpetofauna species, individuals and species diversity index (H') were not significantly different between coniferous plantation and deciduous forest. This result related to ecological characteristics of herpetofauna. Habitats of herpetofauna were influenced on not only vertical structure of forests, but also climatic variables, thermoregulation and prey availability. The long-term monitoring and research on habitat preference and seasonal ecological traits of herpetofauna would be needed for conservation and management of herpetofauna in forest areas.