• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제31권
• /
• pp.287-308
• /
• 2013

Russian language tends to be quite open to borrowing. In Russian it has been for a long time the conventional way of expanding the lexicon, accepting many words from adjacent languages, including Church Slavic. In the contemporary Russian English has been the main source for loanwords. There are several linguistic factors for lexical borrowing: 1. the necessity of denominating new facts, phenomena or concepts, 2. the necessity of differentiating concepts, 3. the necessity of specializing new concepts, 4. the introduction of new international terms, 5. the increase of periphrastic expressions, 6. the needs for the more elegant and modern words. These factors have caused borrowing to enlarge the component of the lexicon and phrasal expressions, but excessive use of foreign words has brought about negative effects such as linguistic pollution. Some borrowed words are assimilated without serious conflicts, but other words undergo semantic changes in confrontation to existing words of similar meanings. These types of semantic changes comprise total change of meaning, reduction of semantic scale and extension of meaning. Semantic changes are caused by linguistic factors such as lexical conflict with existing words or by socio-culural factors such as misunderstanding of foreign words. And extension of meaning shows two types: qualitative extension and quantitative extension. The first means extending the semantic scope of a borrowed word and the latter - increasing the number of its sememe. In contemporary Russian language we can witness two productive phenomena: qualitative extension by socio-cultural factors, in which words with negative nuances are changed into those with positive ones and professional terms become common words, losing their professional meanings. On the other hand, by quantative extension some loanwords change their concrete meanings into abstract ones. In such cases loanwords acquire the additional meanings of abstractness, putting aside their original concrete meanings as the basic. On the contrary, the qualitative extension of adding the special meaning to general words or giving the concrete meaning to abstract words is not productive. And it is rarely witnessed that words of positive nuances are negatively used. It is considered that such cases are partly restricted in the spoken language or the jargon. Such phenomena may happen by the incomplete understanding of English words.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.277-296
• /
• 2023

The South Korean ethnic diaspora US lobby shows efficacy as an interest group in generating influence in American foreign and domestic public policy making. The persuasive portrayal of South Korea as a critical Cold War US ally reinforced US amenability to pro-South Korea lobbying. Also, the South Korean US diaspora is a comparatively recent immigrant group, thus its lingering resistance to assimilation facilitates its political mobilization to lobby the US government. One source of this influence includes the foundational legacy of proselytizing Western and particularly American religious social movement representatives in Korean religiosity and society. US protestant Christianity acquired a strong public association with emerging Korean nationalism in response to Japanese imperialism and occupation. Hostility towards Japanese colonialism followed by the threat from Soviet-sponsored, North Korean Communism meant Christianity did not readily become a cultural symbol of excessive external, US interference in South Korean society by South Korean public opinion. The post-Cold War shift in US foreign policy towards targeting so-called rogue state vestiges of the Cold War including North Korea enhanced further South Korea's influence in Washington. Due to essential differences in the perceived historical role of American influence, extrapolation of the South Korean development model is problematic. US hegemony in South Korea indicates that perceived alliance with national self-determination constitutes the core of soft power appeal. Civilizational appeal per se in the form of religious beliefs are not critically significant in promoting American polity influence in target polities in South Korea or, comparatively, in the Middle East. The United States is a perceived opponent of pan-Arab nationalism which has trended towards populist Islamic religious symbolism with the failure of secular nationalism. The pronounced component of evangelical Christianity in American core community nationalism which the Trump campaign exploited is a reflection of this orientation in the US.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.1123-1140
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 주간보호센터의 중풍노인이 이야기치료 집단상담을 통해 치매노인과의 갈등을 해결하는 과정을 탐색하는 연구이다. 중풍노인에 대한 이야기치료 집단상담을 7회 동안 실시한 과정을 사례연구방법을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 중풍 노인들이 집단상담을 통해 치매노인을 '문제'가 아니라 '치매로 고통받는 사람'으로 보고, 치매노인을 비난하는 대신 도와줄 방법을 적극적으로 찾게 되었으며, 둘째, 자신들을 '치매노인의 피해자'가 아니라 '유능한 사람 으로 규정하게 되었고, 셋째, 중풍노인들끼리 협력적이고 친밀한 관계가 되었으며, 넷째, 중풍노인들이 주간보호센터 운영에 적극적으로 참여하게 된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 변화에 이야기치료의 문제와 사람을 분리시키기, 클라이언트를 자기 문제의 전문가로 존중하기, 독특한 결과 찾기 등이 도움이 된 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 장기요양보호대상자에게 보호를 제공할 뿐만 아니라 참여 기회를 확대하고, 이야기치료를 노인에게 적용할 것을 제안하였다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 교과역량 '실천적문제해결능력'과 '관계형성능력'의 분석준거를 설정하고 2015 개정 중학교 기술·가정교과서의 핵심개념 '관계' 관련 단원을 분석준거에 따라 분석하는 데 있다. 12종 출판사의 중학교 '기술·가정 2' 교과서의 핵심개념 '관계' 관련 단원에서 활동과제를 중심으로 개발된 분석 준거에 따라 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교과서에 구현된 교과역량이 출판사별로 차이가 많았다. '실천적문제해결능력'은 A교과서, E교과서와 G교과서가 높게 나타났고 반면 D교과서의 빈도가 가장 낮았다. '관계형성능력'은 K교과서, A교과서가 높게 나타났고 가장 낮은 빈도를 보인 것은 J교과서였다. 둘째, '실천적문제해결능력'과 '관계형성능력'의 역량별 하위요소 중심으로 12종 교과서 전체의 활동과제들을 살펴보면, 우선 '실천적문제해결능력'의 가치판단이 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고 이어서 논리적 사고, 실천적 추론, 의사결정 등으로 나타났다. '관계형성능력'에서는 가족관계와 공동체의식이 가장 높은 빈도로 나타났고 의사소통, 갈등관리, 타인존중 등의 순으로 나타났지만, 환경 및 생태의식은 구현되지 않았다. 이와 같이 2015 개정 중학교 기술·가정 12종 교과서의 핵심개념 '관계' 관련 단원은 교육과정의 세부목표에서 제시된 두 교과역량을 대체로 구현하고 있다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2012

This study tires to examine affects that job and socio-psychological stresses of female office workers influence job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions. A complete data are collected by conducting a survey with 240 female office workers from 9 medical institutions regarded as almost general hospital in Seoul. It is analyzed that the relation between socio-psychological stress and job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions by using t-test; analysis of variance; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; linear structural equation modeling; etc. The results of this study are summarized as following. First, as it was comprehended by specific characteristics of subjects that the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, there were statistically significant distinctions from their age, marital status, presence of children, position in the organization, type of employment, and monthly average income. Second, this study regarded relationship between the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stresses, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention. Job and socio-psychological stresses were negatively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but the stresses were positive with leaving intention. Third, after evaluating effect that 8 features related to the job stress could influence job stress, the most effective valuables were in order to unfairness in organizational structure, workplace culture, inadequate compensation, and relationship conflict. Fourth, when looking at the overall effects of the job and sociopsychological stresses on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, work autonomy was the most influencing factor of work stress levels. The level of the job stress seemed to be a prevalent impact on the leaving intention and it showed the most negative relationship that path coefficient from leaving intention to organizational commitment and also from organizational commitment to job satisfaction. Based on these findings, it can be defined that the job and socio-psychological stresses strongly influence job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2023

Taguchi method is one of the most popular approaches for design optimization such that performance characteristics become robust to uncontrollable noise variables. However, most previous Taguchi method applications have addressed a single-characteristic problem. Problems with multiple characteristics are more common in practice. The multi-criteria decision making(MCDM) problem is to select the optimal one among multiple alternatives by integrating a number of criteria that may conflict with each other. Representative MCDM methods include TOPSIS(Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), GRA(Grey Relational Analysis), PCA(Principal Component Analysis), fuzzy logic system, and so on. Therefore, numerous approaches have been conducted to deal with the multi-characteristic design problem by combining original Taguchi method and MCDM methods. In the MCDM problem, multiple criteria generally have different measurement units, which means that there may be a large difference in the physical value of the criteria and ultimately makes it difficult to integrate the measurements for the criteria. Therefore, the normalization technique is usually utilized to convert different units of criteria into one identical unit. There are four normalization techniques commonly used in MCDM problems, including vector normalization, linear scale transformation(max-min, max, or sum). However, the normalization techniques have several shortcomings and do not adequately incorporate the practical matters. For example, if certain alternative has maximum value of data for certain criterion, this alternative is considered as the solution in original process. However, if the maximum value of data does not satisfy the required degree of fulfillment of designer or customer, the alternative may not be considered as the solution. To solve this problem, this paper employs the desirability function that has been proposed in our previous research. The desirability function uses upper limit and lower limit in normalization process. The threshold points for establishing upper or lower limits let us know what degree of fulfillment of designer or customer is. This paper proposes a new design optimization technique for multi-characteristic design problem by integrating the Taguchi method and our desirability functions. Finally, the proposed technique is able to obtain the optimal solution that is robust to multi-characteristic performances.