• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

Purpose: The numeric N stage has replaced the topographic N stage in the current tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging in gastric carcinoma. However, the usefulness of the topographic N stage in the current TNM staging system is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the topographic N stage in the current TNM staging system. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the data of 3350 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy. The anatomic regions of the metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) were classified into 2 groups: perigastric and extra-perigastric. The prognostic value of the anatomic region was analyzed using a multivariate prognostic model with adjustments for the TNM stage. Results: In patients with lymph node metastasis, extra-perigastric metastasis demonstrated significantly worse survival than perigastric metastasis alone (5-year survival rate, 39.6% vs. 73.1%, respectively, P<0.001). Extra-perigastric metastasis demonstrated significantly worse survival within the same pN stage; the multivariate analysis indicated that extra-perigastric metastasis was an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio=1.33; 95% confidence interval=1.01-1.75). The anatomic region of the MLNs improved the goodness-of-fit (likelihood ratio statistics, 4.57; P=0.033) of the prognostic model using the TNM stage. Conclusions: The anatomic region of MLNs has an independent prognostic value in the numeric N stage in the current TNM staging of gastric carcinoma.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권44호
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• pp.333-341
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to compare the manufacturing process with random covariate using multiple comparison procedure. The methodology that compares each manufacturing process by inspecting the number of nonconforming items out of k-treatment, has serveral limitations and problems according to the method and contect of the analysis. The proper way of analysis, therefore, could be obtained by the multiple comparison procedure of simultaneous confidence region of variance components. Effections that affect a manufactuing process may be predictive of responce to treatments are called covariates. In the study of comparing several treatments, prsense of covariate may bias the estimates of treatment effects.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 1989

This paper is concerned with the development of a nonparametric procedure for the statistical inference about the nonlinear regression parameters. A confidence region and a hypothesis testing procedure based on a class of signed linear rank statistics are proposed and the asymptotic distributions of the test statistic both under the null hypothesis and under a sequence of local alternatives are investigated. Some desirable asymptotic properties including the asymptotic relative efficiency are discussed for various score functions.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.121-141
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• 1990

컴퓨터의 발전에 따른 통계방법 중에서 붓스트랩(bootstrap)에 대하여 연구하였다. 특히 추축통계량의 표본분포를 붓스트랩분포로 추정하는데 있어서 계산문제와 이론적인 정당성을 고려하였으며, 모분포의 성격을 나타내는 모수의 붓스트랩 신뢰영역을 몇 가지 사례들에 대해 살펴보았고 사례별로 붓스트랩 방법의 의미를 고찰하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.198-212
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• 1995

This study provides a nonparametric procedure for the statistical inference of the parameters in stationary autoregressive processes. A confidence region and a hypothesis testing procedure based on a class of signed linear rank statistics are proposed and the asymptotic distributions of the test statistic both underthe null hypothesis and under a sequence of local alternatives are investigated. Some desirable asymptotic properties including the asymptotic relative efficiency are discussed for various score functions.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.205-216
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• 1996

The bootstrap calibration method for empirical likelihood is considered to make a confidence region for the regression coefficients. Asymptotic properties are studied regarding the coverage probability. Small sample simulation results reveal that the bootstrap calibration works quite well.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10653-10658
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• 2015

Background: A very high incidence of lung cancer is observed in Mizoram and Manipur, North East India. We conducted a population based case control study to establish associations of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms and interactions with environmental factors for this high incidence. Material and Methods: A total of 272 lung cancer cases and 544 controls matched for age (${\pm}5years$), sex and ethnicity were collected and p53 codon 72 polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We used conditional multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: p53 Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in the study population (adjusted OR=2.14, CI=1.35-3.38, p=0.001). Interactions of the p53 Pro/Pro genotype with exposure to wood smoke (adjusted OR=3.60, CI=1.85-6.98, p<0.001) and cooking oil fumes (adjusted OR=3.27, CI=1.55-6.87, p=0.002), betel quid chewing (adjusted OR=3.85, CI=1.96-7.55, p<0.001), tobacco smoking (adjusted OR=4.42, CI=2.27-8.63, p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR=3.31, CI=1.10-10.03, p=0.034) were significant regarding the increased risk of lung cancer in the study population. Conclusions: The present study provided preliminary evidence that a p53 codon 72 polymorphism may effect lung cancer risk in the study population, interacting synergistically with environmental factors.

• Strategy21
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• 통권36호
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• pp.33-58
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• 2015

In 1996, China, Japan and the ROK all became the party to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Since then, the UNCLOS has been a fundamental basis for the resolution and management of maritime disputes amongst them. However, there still remain acrimonious disputes in the region. Resources nationalism and the revival of geopolitics aggravates the disputes particularly on sovereignty over disputed islands, maritime delimitation and the legal nature of military activities in other States' Exclusive Economic Zones. Under the circumstances, why have the demands for the conclusion of a regional agreement been raised in this region? A desirable regional agreement regarding ocean affairs should be compatible with the rights and obligations under the UNCLOS, a universal norm regarding ocean affairs. This paper will propose a desirable regional agreement by adopting an incremental approach.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.364-376
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• 1998

The statistical analysis method was applied to the evaluation of fracture toughness in the ductile-brittle transition temperature region. Because cleavage fracture in steel is of a statistical nature, fracture toughness data or values show a similar statistical trend. Using the three-parameter Weibull distribution, a fracture toughness vs. temperature curve (K-curve) was directly generated from a set of fracture toughness data at a selected temperature. Charpy V-notch impact energy was also used to obtain the K-curve by a $K_{IC}$ -CVN (Charpy V-notch energy) correlation. Furthermore, this method was applied to evaluate the neutron irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel. Most of the fracture toughness data were within the 95% confidence limits. The prediction of a transition temperature shift by statistical analysis was compared with that from the experimental data.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2024

의료기관 및 의료인의 지속적인 노력에도 불구하고 환자 안전을 위협하는 사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 환자안전사고를 줄이기 위해서는 의료인의 환자안전에 대한 올바른 지식과 태도, 수행능력을 갖추는 것이 필요하다. 간호대학생은 환자안전관리와 관련된 주요인력 중 하나로 간호대학생의 환자안전관리 행위에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하는 것은 환자안전관리 역량 향상 및 안전사고예방에 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 간호대학생의 환자안전관리 관련 지식, 태도, 수행자신감이 환자안전관리 행위에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 서술적 조사연구로 연구대상 및 자료수집은 2022년 10월 25일부터 10월 28일까지 K 지역에 소재한 4학년 간호대학생 138명을 대상으로 하였고, 통계분석은 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 이용하였다. 연구 결과, 환자안전관리 지식, 태도, 수행자신감은 환자안전관리 행위와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 환자안전관리 행위에 미치는 영향요인은 환자안전관리 교육경험(β=.22, p<.001)과 수행자신감(β=.66, p<.001)으로 나타났다. 본 결과를 토대로 간호대학생의 환자안전관리 행위 역량을 증진시키기 위해서는 환자안전관리 교육경험 및 수행자신감을 향상시킬 수 있는 교육프로그램이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.