• 제목/요약/키워드: conductivity

검색결과 8,427건 처리시간 0.038초

공내수 전기전도도의 자동측정시스템 구축을 위한 실험 (An Experiment for determining Electrical Conductivity in Modelholes using Continuous Measurement System)

  • 김영화;박정빈;임헌태
    • 지질공학
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.281-292
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    • 2003
  • 모형시추공 내에서 공내수 전기전도도의 자동 측정시스템을 구축하고 이로부터 수리상수 결정과 관련된 제반 기초 환경을 검증하였다. 실험은 상대적으로 높은 염도를 공내수로 하고 증류수를 지층수로 사용하여 지층수의 유입과 유출되는 유량을 일정하게 유지한 상태에서 공내수의 전기전도도 프로파일을 구하는 방식으로 이루어졌다. 관찰의 주 대상은 공내수와 지층수 사이의 염도차. 온도차 및 지층수의 유입량. 유입 ·유출구에 따른 모형시추공 내에서의 전기전도도 변화 양상 파악에 있었다. 실헌결과, 이들 요인이 미치는 영향범위와 적정 측정 환경이 제시되어 향후 모델 실험 및 원위치시험에서 적용될 기초실험 여건이 마련되었다.

CoReHA: conductivity reconstructor using harmonic algorithms for magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT)

  • Jeon, Ki-Wan;Lee, Chang-Ock;Kim, Hyung-Joong;Woo, Eung-Je;Seo, Jin-Keun
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.279-287
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    • 2009
  • Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is a new medical imaging modality providing cross-sectional images of a conductivity distribution inside an electrically conducting object. MREIT has rapidly progressed in its theory, algorithm and experimental technique and now reached the stage of in vivo animal and human experiments. Conductivity image reconstructions in MREIT require various steps of carefully implemented numerical computations. To facilitate MREIT research, there is a pressing need for an MREIT software package with an efficient user interface. In this paper, we present an example of such a software, called CoReHA which stands for conductivity reconstructor using harmonic algorithms. It offers various computational tools including preprocessing of MREIT data, identification of boundary geometry, electrode modeling, meshing and implementation of the finite element method. Conductivity image reconstruction methods based on the harmonic $B_z$ algorithm are used to produce cross-sectional conductivity images. After summarizing basics of MREIT theory and experimental method, we describe technical details of each data processing task for conductivity image reconstructions. We pay attention to pitfalls and cautions in their numerical implementations. The presented software will be useful to researchers in the field of MREIT for simulation as well as experimental studies.

Modeling on thermal conductivity of MOX fuel considering its microstructural heterogeneity

  • Lee, Byung-Ho;Koo, Yang-Hyun;Sohn, Dong-Seong
    • 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국원자력학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회요약집
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    • pp.247-247
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    • 1999
  • This paper describes a new mechanistic thermal conductivity model considering the heterogeneous microstructure of MOX fuel. Even though the thermal conductivities of MOX have been investigated numerously by experimental measurements and theoretical analyses, they show the large scattering making the performance analysis of MOX fuel difficult. Therefore, a thermal conductivity model that depends on the heterogeneous microstructure of MOX fuel has been developed by using a general two-phase thermal conductivity model. In order to apply this model for developing the thermal conductivity for heterogeneous MOX fuel, the fuel is assumed to consist of Purich particles and U02 matrix including Pu02 in solid solution. Since little relevant data on Purich particles is available, FIGARO and SiemensKWU results are only used to characterize the microstructure of unirradiated and irradiated fuel. Philliponneaus and HALDEN models are selected for the local thermal conductivities for Purich particles and matrix, respectively. Then by combining the two models, overall thermal conductivity of MOX fuel is obtained. The new proposed model estimates the MOX thermal conductivity about 10% less than the value of U02 fuel, which is in the range of MOX thermal conductivity from HALDEN. The developed thermal conductivity model has been incorporated into KAERIs fuel performance code, COSMOS, and then verified using the measured data in the FIGARO program. Comparison of predicted and measured temperatures shows the reasonable agreement within acceptable error bounds together with satisfactory results for the fission gas release and gap pressure.essure.

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On the effect of void ratio and particle breakage on saturated hydraulic conductivity of tailing materials

  • Ma, Changkun;Zhang, Chao;Chen, Qinglin;Pan, Zhenkai;Ma, Lei
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.159-170
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    • 2021
  • Particle size of tailings in different areas of dams varies due to sedimentation and separation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of high-stacked talings materials are seriously affected by void ratio and particle breakage. Conjoined consolidation permeability tests were carried out using a self-developed high-stress permeability and consolidation apparatus. The hydraulic conductivity decreases nonlinearly with the increase of consolidation pressure. The seepage pattern of coarse-particle tailings is channel flow, and the seepage pattern of fine-particle tailings is scattered flow. The change rate of hydraulic conductivity of tailings with different particle sizes under high consolidation pressure tends to be identical. A hydraulic conductivity hysteresis is found in coarse-particle tailings. The hydraulic conductivity hysteresis is more obvious when the water head is lower. A new hydraulic conductivity-void ratio equation was derived by introducing the concept of effective void ratio and breakage index. The equation integrated the hydraulic conductivity equation with different particle sizes over a wide range of consolidation pressures.

대두종자의 polymer coating 연구 1. polymer coating 종자의 conductivity 차이 (Studies on Polymer Coating in Soybean Seeds 1. Difference of Electrolyte Leaching of Polymeric Coating Soybean Seed)

  • 이성춘
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.158-164
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    • 1994
  • Polyme coating 종자의 환경적응성을 구명하기 위한 일환으로 콩 종자에 10종의 polymer를 coating하여 각 coating polymer별 conductivity, 발아력, 수분흡수력을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Conductivity는 polymer coating한 종자가 coating하지 않은 종자보다 높았으며, 가장 높았던 polymer는 waterlock이었다. 2. Conductivity는 침종 후 시간이 경과할 수록 높아졌고, 100립중이 무거울 수록 높았다. 3. 수확년도가 오래된 종자의 conductivity가 당년에 수확한 종자보다도 높게 나타났다 4. 수분흡수 정도는 coating polymer에 따라 각각 달랐는데 daran 8600은 질이 떨어지는 종자에서는 수분흡수를 크게 저 해하였다. 5. Coating polymer 중 waterlock, captan, klucel, sacrust 등은 발아율을 상승시켰고, daran 8600은 발아율을 저하시켰으며 나머지 polymer는 품종에 따라 각각 달랐고 그 정도는 질이 떨어지는 종자에서 훨씬 컸다. 6. Polymer의 특성에 따라 수분흡수를 저해하거나 조장하였다.

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흙-벤토나이트월에 대한 전기전도도 모니터링 기법의 적용성 평가 (Applicability of Electrical Conductivity Monitoring Technique for Soil-bentonite Barrier)

  • 오명학;유동주;김용성;박준범
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제23권7호
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 흙-벤토나이트월과 같은 차단벽체에 대한 전기전도도 모니터링 기법의 적용성을 평가하였다. 벤토나이트 함량, 투수계수 및 중금속 농도에 따른 전기전도도 변화를 파악하기 위하여 투수실험과 주상실험을 실시하였다. 흙-벤토나이트 혼합 다짐시편의 전기전도도는 벤토나이트 함량이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 흙-벤토나이트 차단벽체의 투수계수는 벤토나이트 함량과 반비례하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 전기전도도와도 반비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 주상실험을 통하여 전기전도도 파과곡선과 농도 파과곡선을 동시에 구할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 전기전도도 측정기법이 벽체 내부의 임의 지점에서 중금속의 이동을 감지하고 오염물질의 누출 가능성을 확인하는 유용한 방법으로 활용될 수 있음을 나타낸다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 전기전도도 측정기법이 차단벽체 모니터링에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

토양 칼럼의 경계흐름과 계면활성제가 수리전도도에 미치는 영향연구 (Effects of Column Boundary Flow and Surfactant Contents on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity)

  • 정승우;주병규
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2009
  • 수리전도도는 다공성매체 시스템의 중요한 특성인자이다. 수리전도도를 측정하는 방법은 실외측정방법과 실내측정방법이 있다. 수리전도도의 실내측정은 일반적으로 투수측정기를 이용한다. 기존의 투수측정방식으로 산정한 수리전도도는 경계흐름의 영향을 고려하지 않고 모든 유체가 수직으로 이동한다는 가정으로 결정되었다. 하지만 실제 토양에서 유체는 수직, 좌우 방향으로 이동할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 경계흐름을 배제한 투수계를 이용하여 경계흐름이 수리전도도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험결과 기존방식으로 산정한 수리전도도에 비해 경계흐름을 배제한 수리전도도가 약 1/3에 해당하였다. 투수측정기를 이용한 수리 전도도 측정에 있어 경계흐름에 대한 영향을 고려한 수리전도도 결정이 필요하다. 또한 토양 입경과 계면활성제가 수리전도도에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 토양입경과 수리전도도는 비례하는 것으로 나타났으며 계면활성제는 수리전도도를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 계면활성제 농도가 증가할수록 수리전도도는 보다 많이 감소하였다. 수리전도도를 결정하는 물리적 특성을 평가한 결과 유체의 점도가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

A Study on the Effective Hydraulic Conductivity of an Anisotropic Porous Medium

  • Seong, Kwanjae
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.959-965
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    • 2002
  • Effective hydraulic conductivity of a statistically anisotropic heterogeneous medium is obtained for steady two-dimensional flows employing stochastic analysis. Flow equations are solved up to second order and the effective conductivity is obtained in a semi-analytic form depending only on the spatial correlation function and the anisotropy ratio of the hydraulic conductivity field, hence becoming a true intrinsic property independent of the flow field. Results are obtained using a statistically anisotropic Gaussian correlation function where the anisotropy is defined as the ratio of integral scales normal and parallel to the mean flow direction. Second order results indicate that the effective conductivity of an anisotropic medium is greater than that of an isotropic one when the anisotropy ratio is less than one and vice versa. It is also found that the effective conductivity has upper and lower bounds of the arithmetic and the harmonic mean conductivities.

An Analytical Model for Predicting the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Woven Wire Wick Structure

  • Lee, Jin-Sung;Kim, Chul-Ju
    • International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.72-78
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    • 2002
  • Woven wire wick is a very effective structure because of its easiness to insert inside of pipe for a miniature heat pipe. The present study was conducted to predict the porosity and the effective thermal conductivity of liquid-saturated woven wire wick. The porosity and the effective thermal conductivity of the evaporator region indicate different values from those of the condenser region due to the existence of non-flow region. The minimum value of the effective thermal conductivity indicates on condition of the $\theta$=$45^{Wcirc}$ and the values of the effective thermal conductivity increases symmetrically centering around the minimum value. The values of the effective thermal conductivity in the evaporator region at the angle of $45^{Wcirc}$ indicate about 60~80% higher than those in the condenser region for various combinations of copper, and stainless with water and ethanol.

Correlation Between Lateral Photovoltaic Effect and Conductivity in p-type Silicon Substrates

  • Lee, Seung-Hoon;Shin, Muncheol;Hwang, Seongpil;Park, Sung Heum;Jang, Jae-Won
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.1845-1847
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    • 2013
  • The lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) can be observed in semiconductors by irradiating a light spot position between electrodes on sample's surface. Because lateral photovoltaic voltage (LPV) is sensitively changed by light spot position, a LPE device has been tried as a position-sensitive detector. This study discusses the correlation between LPV and conductivity in p-type silicon and nano-structured Au deposited p-type silicon (nano-Au silicon), respectively. Conductivity measurement of the sample was carried out using the four-wire method to eliminate contact resistance, and conductivity dependence on LPV was simultaneously measured by changing the light irradiation position. The result showed a strong correlation between conductivity and LPV in the p-type silicon sample. The correlation coefficient was 0.87. The correlation coefficient between LPV and conductivity for the nano-Au silicon sample was 0.41.