• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2023

The vibration analysis of armchair, zigzag and chiral double-walled carbon nanotubes has been developed by inserting the nonlocal theory of elasticity into thin shell theory. First Donnell shell theory is employed while exercising wave propagation approach. Scale effects are realized by using different values of nonlocal parameters under certain boundary conditions. The natural frequencies have been investigated and displayed for various non-local parameters. It is noticed that on increasing nonlocal parameter, the frequency curve tends to decrease. The frequency estimates of clamped-free boundary condition are less than those of clamped-clamped and simply supported computations. The frequency comparisons are presented for armchair, zigzag and chiral nanotubes. The software MATLAB is used to extract the frequencies of double walled carbon nanotubes.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2023

This paper examines the dynamic response of rotating nanodevices under the external harmonic load. The spinning nanosystem is made of nanoscale tubes that rotate around the central nanomotor and is mathematically modeled via high-order beam theory as well as nonclassical nonlocal theory for the size impact. According to the Hamilton principle, the dynamic motion equations are derived, then the time-dependent results are obtained using the Newmark Beta technique along with the generalized differential quadratic method. The presented results are discussed dynamic deflection, resonant frequency, and natural frequency in response to the different applicable parameters, which help develop and produce nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) for various applications.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2023

This article investigates the statically analysis regarding the thermal buckling behavior of a nonuniform small-scale nanobeam made of functionally graded material based on classic beam theories along with the nonlocal Eringen elasticity. The material distribution of functionally graded structures is composed of temperature-dependent ceramic and metal phases in axial and thickness directions, called two-dimensional functionally graded (2D-FG). The partial differential (PD) formulations and end conditions are extracted by using to the conservation energy method. The porosity voids are assumed in the nonuniform functionally graded (FG) structure. The thermal loads are in the axial direction of the beam. The extracted nonlocal PD equations are also solved by employing generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Last but not least, the information acquired is used to produce miniature sensors, providing a unique perspective on the growth of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2014

충격 및 폭발하중으로 인한 위험으로부터 구조물의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 필요성의 증대에 따라 고율변형을 받는 콘크리트의 거동은 중요한 연구주제가 되었다. 콘크리트의 고율변형 거동은 정적인 상태와는 다른 독특한 거동을 보이기 때문에 다양한 고율변형모델들이 제안되어 고율변형 상태를 수치해석하는데 사용되고 있다. 이러한 수치해석 과정에서 발생하는 문제가 요소의 크기에 따라 수치해석결과가 크게 변하는 요소의존성 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 파괴에너지이론에 기초하여 요소의존성을 최소화할 수 있는 기준식을 제안하고 HJC(Holmquist Johnson Cook)모델을 이용한 관통수치해석을 통해 기준식을 검증하였다. 그 결과 기준식을 통해 산정된 파괴변형률을 수치해석상에 적용해줌으로써 해석결과의 요소의존성이 감소하였고 해의 정확성 또한 향상되는 것을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2020

철근 콘크리트 구조물에서의 염화물 침투에 따른 구조물의 열화는 주요한 문제로 이와 관련하여 현재까지 많은 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 콘크리트 구조물의 염화물 침투에 있어서 염화물 확산 이외에도 염화물 흡수에 의한 침투도 고려되어야 하며, 구조물의 사용기간 중에 발생되는 균열은 염화물 침투의 주 경로가 될 수 있기 때문에 이러한 변수들이 구조물의 내구성능 평가에 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 철근 콘크리트에 두 가지 균열 폭 (0.1 mm, 0.3 mm)을 발생 시킨 후, 염화물 흡수 실험을 실시하였다. 염화물 흡수 실험으로부터 흡수에 따른 무게 변화와 AgNO3 용액을 이용한 변색법으로 균열면에서의 염화물 침투 정도를 확인하였다. 변색 범위를 이용한 이미지 분석 또한 실시하였다. 흡수 시간 및 균열 폭이 증가하면 염화물 흡수량이 증가하는 것을 확인 하였다. 모든 균열 폭에서 1 시간 이내에 염화물이 철근 깊이까지 도달하였다. 또한 철근 계면을 통한 염화물 이동 가능성을 확인하였으며, 이는 철근 부식의 주요한 원인으로 작용할 수 있어 추가적인 실험을 통한 검증이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.191-205
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 불투과형 사방댐과 링네트에 가해지는 충격하중을 평가하기 위해 토석류 모형축소실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 토석류는 유체와 유사한 거동을 함에 따라 불투과형 사방댐 배면에 가해지는 토석류 충격하중은 하부구간이 4.14 kN로 가장 높게 작용하며 중간, 상부구간이 3.66 kN, 1.66 kN 가해지는 것으로 측정되었다. 링네트 실험결과 또한 불투과형 사방댐 결과와 같이 충격하중은 하부구간이 크며 상부로 갈수록 감소하는 경향을 보인다(2.28 kN, 1.95 kN, 1.49 kN). 수치해석 결과를 이용하여 토석류 흐름에 의한 토석류 방지시설 충격하중 흡수메커니즘을 분석한 결과, 불투과형 사방댐은 콘크리트 옹벽과 같이 구조물 자체의 강성을 이용하여 수평력에 저항하므로 실제 구조물에 작용한 수평력은 이론식과 유사한 결과가 제시되는 반면, 링네트는 강연선 탄성늘음과 네트 전면으로의 입자 투과를 이용하므로 충격하중은 사방댐 결과보다 최대 45% 감소하는 결과가 제시되었다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2001

본 연구에서는 복개터널 라이닝의 합리적인 모델링 방법 및 구속조건 등을 검토하기 위하여, 동일한 현장 조건에 대하여 현재 널리 적용되고 있는 구조공학적 모델링 방법과 지반공학적 모델링 방법을 이용하여 해석을 실시하였다. 해석결과로부터 각 모델링 방법의 문제점 및 복개터널 라이닝의 거동에 영향을 미치는 인자를 파악하였으며, 현장조건을 보다 합리적으로 모델링 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 해석결과 동일 조건하에서 모델링 방법에 따라 콘크리트 라이닝에 발생하는 변위 및 부재력은 약 53%의 차이가 발생하며, 구속조건의 차이에 따라 콘크리트 라이닝에 발생하는 변위 및 부재력은 약 32%의 차이가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 보다 합리적인 설계 및 해석을 위하여 현장조건에 맞는 구속조건 결정 및 현장계측 등을 통한 모델링 기법의 정확성 검증 등과 같은 다양한 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.95-110
• /
• 2010

In recent years, study of the static response of pavements to moving vehicle and aircraft loads has received significant attention because of its relevance to the design of pavements and airport runways. The static response of beams resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to moving loads was studied by several researchers in the past. However, most of these studies were limited to steady-state analytical solutions for infinitely long beams resting on Winkler-type elastic foundations. Although the modelling of subgrade as a continuum is more accurate, such an approach can hardly be incorporated in analysis due to its complexity. In contrast, the two-parameter foundation model provides a better way for simulating the underlying soil medium and is conceptually more appealing than the one-parameter (Winkler) foundation model. The finite element method is one of the most suitable mathematical tools for analysing rigid pavements under moving loads. This paper presents an improved solution algorithm based on the finite element method for the static analysis of rigid pavements under moving vehicular or aircraft loads. The concrete pavement is discretized by finite and infinite beam elements, with the latter for modelling the infinity boundary conditions. The underlying soil medium is modelled by the Pasternak model allowing the shear interaction to exist between the spring elements. This can be accomplished by connecting the spring elements to a layer of incompressible vertical elements that can deform in transverse shear only. The deformations and forces maintaining equilibrium in the shear layer are considered by assuming the shear layer to be isotropic. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of the position of moving loads on the response of pavement.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.131-158
• /
• 2009

This paper presents a modelling technique for the nonlinear analysis of composite steel-concrete beams with partial shear interaction. It extends the applicability of two stiffness elements previously derived by the authors using the direct stiffness method, i.e. the 6DOF and the 8DOF elements, to account for material nonlinearities. The freedoms are the vertical displacement, the rotation and the slip at both ends for the 6DOF stiffness element, as well as the axial displacement at the level of the reference axis for the 8DOF stiffness element. The solution iterative scheme is based on the secant method, with the convergence criteria relying on the ratios of the Euclidean norms of both forces and displacements. The advantage of the approach is that the displacement and force fields of the stiffness elements are extremely rich as they correspond to those required by the analytical solution of the elastic partial interaction problem, thereby producing a robust numerical technique. Experimental results available in the literature are used to validate the finite element proposed in the paper. For this purpose, those reported by Chapman and Balakrishnan (1964), Fabbrocino et al. (1998, 1999) and Ansourian (1981) are utilised; these consist of six simply supported beams with a point load applied at mid-span inducing positive bending moment in the beams, three simply supported beams with a point load applied at mid-span inducing negative bending moment in the beams, and six two-span continuous composite beams respectively. Based on these comparisons, a preferred degree of discretisation suitable for the proposed modelling technique expressed as a function of the ratio between the element length and depth is proposed, as is the number of Gauss stations needed. This allows for accurate prediction of the nonlinear response of composite beams.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.103-119
• /
• 2024

In this paper, the non-linear behavior of masonry-infill and bare steel frames using different beam-column connections under monotonic static loading was investigated through a parametric study. Numerical models were carried out using one- and two-dimensional modelling to validate the experimental results. After validating the experimental results by using these models, a parametric study was carried out to model the behavior of these frames using flushed, extended, and welded connections. The results showed that using the welded or extended connection is more efficient than using the flushed type in masonry-infilled steel frames, since the lateral capacities, initial stiffness, and toughness have been increased by 155%, 601%, and 165%, respectively in the case of using welded connections compared with those used in bare frames. The FE investigation was broadened to study the influence of the variation of the uniaxial column loads on the lateral capacities of the bare/infill steel frames. As the results showed when increasing the amount of uniaxial loading on the columns, whether in tension or compression, causes the lateral load capacity of the columns to decrease by 26% for welded infilled steel frames. Finally, the influence of using different types of beam-to-column connections on the vertical capacities of the bare/infill steel frames under settlement effect was also studied. As a result, it was found that, the vertical load capacity of all types of frames and with using any type of connections is severely reduced, and this decrease may reach 62% for welded infilled frames. Furthermore, the flushed masonry-infilled steel frame has a higher resistance to the vertical loads than the flushed bare steel frame by 133%.