• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.6 s.67
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• pp.649-660
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• 2003

The paper presents an evaluation of the tensile strength of the expansion anchor that can cause failure in the concrete based on the design of the anchorage. Tests of the heavy-duty anchor and the wedge anchor that are domestically manufactured and installed in plain concrete members are conducted to probe the effects of the embedded depth, concrete strength, and anchors spacing. The design of post-installed steel anchors is presented using the Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) approach. The CCD method is applied to predict the concrete failure load of the expansion anchor in plain concrete under monotonic loading for important applications. The concrete tension capacity of the fastenings with heavy-duty anchors and wedge anchors in plain concrete predicted using the CCD method is compared with the test results. For the CCD method, a normalization coefficient of 9.94 is appropriale for the nominal concrete breakout strength of an anchor or a group of wedge anchors in tension. On the other hand, a normalization coefficient of 11.50 is appropriate for the nominal concrete breakout strength of an anchor or a group of heavy-duty anchors in tension.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1502-1508
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• 2011

Ground anchor expands the hollow wall of settled part and has the structure which resists the designed tensile load by the bearing pressure generated by the wedge of the anchor body pressing in the expanded part. Such ground anchor has been recognized for stability and economicality since 1960s in technologically advanced nations such as Japan and Europe, and in 1970s, the Japan Society of Soil Engineering has established and announced the anchor concept map. The ground anchor introduced in Korea, however, has the structural problem where the tensile strength is comes only from the ground frictional force due to expansion of the wedge body. In an interval where the ground strength is locally reduced due to fault, discontinuation or such, this is pointed out as a critical weakness where the anchor body of around 1.0m must resist the tensile load. Also, in the installation of concrete block, the concentrated stress of concrete block constructed on the uneven rock surface causes damage, and many such issues in the anchor head have been reported. Thus, in this study, by using the expanded bit for precise expansion of settled part, the ground anchor system was completed so that the bearing pressure of ground anchor can be expressed as much as possible, and the bearing plate was inserted into the ground to resolve the existing issues of concrete block. Through numerical analysis and pullout test executed for verification of site applicability, the pullout-behavior characteristics of anchor was analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.404-404
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• 1996

In order to ensure a concrete expansion anchor is suitable for a given application, the load resistance behavior of the anchor must be known. ASTM E488 provides a standard method of testing expansion anchors for static and dynamic loads. Due to the many types of anchors available commercially and the large variability of applications, the ASTM does not delineate all details or requirements necessary to comprehensively determine the dynamic load behavior of concrete expansion anchors. A test program is presented in this paper which was developed and implemented to determine the cyclic load behavior of wedge-type concrete expansion anchors. Test results are also presented along with a discussion of the behavior of anchors, and their suitability for use.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.211-220
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• 2004

This paper presents the evaluation of pullout strengths of expansion anchors and wedge anchors that can cause a failure of the concrete on the basis of the design for anchorage. Tests are conducted for heavy-duty anchors and wedge anchors domestically manufactured and to be installed in plain concrete member. The mainly testing parameters reflected the effects of edge distance. Design of post-installed steel anchors is presented by the Concrete Capacity Design(CCD) in European Organization for Technical Approval. This approach is compared to the well-known provisions, ACI 349-90 specification. The use of both methods to predict the concrete failure load of expansion anchor in uncracked concrete under monotonic loading for important applications is compared. In this study, the concrete tension capacity of fastenings with Heavy-duty Anchors and Wedge Anchors in plain concrete predicted by ACI 349-90 and the Concrete Capacity Design method has been compared with the results of tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2020

Recently, concrete expansion anchors which are a type of post-installed mechanical anchors are widely used in reinforcement concrete structures. In order to be used in the reinforced concrete structures designed in accordance with ACI 318-19 or ACI 349-13, the structural performance tests of the concrete expansion anchors should be conducted in accordance with ACI 355.2. The effectiveness factor(k) of concrete expansion anchors should be determined through the reference tests and used for the design of anchorage to concrete according to ACI 318-19 or ACI 349-13. In this study, we will look into the method for determining the effectiveness factor(k) of concrete expansion anchors and anchorage design process of concrete expansion anchors by using the effectiveness factor(k) in accordance with ACI 349-19.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.483-490
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• 2016

In plant industry, sulfur storage tank is made of steel and annular plate is connected with concrete foundation of ring wall type by anchor bolt. Due to keep sulfur at high temperature in tank by coil, sulfur storage tank is expanded larger than another tank stores fluid at room temperature. Generally, structural design of tank foundation is performed analysis with loading of temperature gradient between inner and outer surface, this method can't consider the phenomenon that load is intensively transferred to concrete foundation at anchor bolt. This means that temperature load is underestimated and causes crack of concrete near anchor bolt. In this study, evaluation formula considering temperature load transfer mechanism through anchor bolt is proposed and load acting on concrete foundation is rationally decided. For this purpose, it is analyzed variation of thermal load per various anchor bolt number using finite element model including tank annular plate and anchor bolt. Solution is proposed as specified term combining result of analysis and theoretical solution for evaluating load transferred by anchor bolt. For confirmation of validation of proposed formula, it is applied in design of sulfur storage tank at plant site, it shows that the formula can be practically applied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.793-796
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• 2008

The failure of expansion joint for bridge is generally occurred on the non-shrinkage mortar and other problem is the release of anchors in expansion joint due to the impact and vibration during the driven car on the bridge. In this study, to overcome the failure of expansion joint by the failure of non-shrinkage, the elastomeric mortar is developed. The pull-out capacity developed elastomeric mortar compared with that of non-shrinkage mortar. Moreover the anchor system which can be change easily and prevent a fracture of expansion joint is developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.5 no.1 s.16
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• pp.69-76
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• 2005

The pull-out capacity of expansion anchor(heavy duty anchor and wedge anchor) was studied experimentally in this paper. Loading conditions included tension, shear, and combined tension and shear. The heavy duty anchor and wedge anchor were manufactured in domestic and installed In plain concrete. The failure mode of steel and concrete were studied carefully for the analytical formula of the anchorage design and the experimental data were compared with different models for the interaction of tension and shear capacities. Based on the research, the following conclusion may be drawn : The interaction of forces is well-described by an elliptical interaction relationship.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2008

All bearing device should be examined to determine that they are functioning properly. Small changes in other portions of the structure, such as pier or abutment settlement, may be reflected in the bearings. Bearings should be checked to see that they can move freely and are clear of all foreign material. Shoes should be in proper position relative to the temperature at the time of the inspection. Check anchor bolts for any damage and to see that nuts are secure. See that anchor bolt nuts are properly set on the expansion bearings to allow normal movement. In this paper, rehabilitation method for damaged bearings is proposed and damage example of the skewed bridge is illustrated

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

The fire resistance performance of generic CFT columns has been verified through various tests and analyses and the columns are widely used for fire resistance designs abroad. In this study, 3 groups of specimens (Non-fire protection, reinforcement with steel fiber and fire resistance paint) are suggested in order to evaluate the fire resistance performance of interior anchor type concrete-filled steel tubular columns having efficient cross-sections through loaded heating tests. Axial deformation-time relationship and in-plane temperatures are compared to evaluate the fire resistance performance of the specimens associated with variables. Suggested from the fact that the interior anchors exposed to fire exert influence on fire resistance performance due to thermal expansion, the reinforcements using steel fiber and fire resistance paint are verified to mitigate contraction and improve fire resistance performance. The result obtained from the tests of interior anchor type concrete-filled tubular columns is expected to be used for effective fire resistance design in association with previously conducted studies.