• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to increase the use of Hwangto and examine the strength according to what it is compounded with. Hwangto-concrete containing Hwanto without cement nor organic chemical products were compared to the traditional cement concrete through some durability experiments. We expect to gain more knowledge on the potentials of Hwangto-concrete as an architectural source. 1) As Hwangto binder amount rises, the value of slump increases too. The reason is that the increase of the quantity of cement causes the increase of the amount of material and the decrease of the amount of aggregate. 2) When the mixed component into Hwangto-concrete remains at 2%, the compress strength is generally dispersed high along the per unit fission, in case the amount of which is at $400(g/m^3)$. The highest compress strength is 39MPa. It means that it can be applied to common structures and we need to conduct a basic property test to ensure the strength and fluidness. 3) Hwangto-concrete is expected to be highly used in the ocean structure and chemical industry because it has better resistance to sulfuric acid and to hydrochloric acid than the cement-concrete has. The result of this study is as follows. It is expected that Hwangto-concrete will be widely applied and further research on its durability and tests for its basic substantial characteristics based on future component added to it.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to design the accelerated life testing (ALT) of concrete, which stimulating the special natural environment maximumly. Its evaluation indexes, such as dynamic elastic modulus, mass and ultrasonic velocity were measured, and the variation of relative mass and relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete were studied. Meanwhile, the microanalysis method was used. Moreover, an exploratory application of the stochastic approach, the Weibull distribution and the lognormal distribution, were made to assess the durability of concrete structures. The results show that the ALT for simulating natural environment is more close to the service process of concrete structure under actual conditions; The relative dynamic elastic modulus can be used as the dominant durability evaluation parameters, because it is more sensitive to the environmental factors compared with the relative quality evaluation parameters; In the course of the concrete deterioration, the destruction of the salt freezing cycle is the dominant factor, supplemented by other factors; Both of those two stochastic approaches can be used to evaluate the reliability of concrete specimens under the condition of ALT; By comparison, The lognormal distribution method is better to describe the reliability process.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1999

In this study, we executed fundamental experiment to investigate properties of accelerated carbonation with changing chloride content of concrete used sea sand in order to examine durability. So we obtained the results of following properties of mechanics, durability, concrete with sea sand, determined concrete w/C 30%, 40%, 50%, and fine aggregate 40% and changing containing chloride 0, 0.3, 0.6, $0.9kg/m^3$ by the experiment of accelerated neutralization. The results of this study as follows: 1) As result of changing chloride content of concrete used sea sand augmented in stages $0.3kg/m^3$, accelerated carbonation was increased as increment chloride content. The increment depth was decreased as it went long term age. It was shown the chloride content effected increment of carbonation depth in concrete 2) As a result of changing W/C of concrete used sea sand augmented in stages 10% at a time from 30% to 50%, accelerated carbonation depth of concrete was increased as W/C ratio. 3) As the carbonation concrete used sea sand, compressive strength between 8 weeks and accelerated carbonation depth of 1 weeks, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks was inversion proportion.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제45권11호
• /
• pp.719-724
• /
• 2008

Every concrete structure should continue to perform its intended functions such as to maintain the required strength and durability during its lifetime. Deterioration of the concrete structure, however, occurs more progressively from the outside of the concrete exposed to severe conditions. Main deteriorations in concrete structures result from carbonation, chloride ion attack and frost attack. Concrete can therefore be more durable by applying surface protection to increase its durability using impregnants, which are normally classified into two large groups in polymeric and silicate materials. Concrete impregnants are composed of silanes and alkali silicates (sodium, potassium and lithium silicate). Thus, this study is concerned with elevating the carbonation and Cl- penetration resistance of concrete structures by applying alkali silicate hydrophilic impregnants including lithium and potassium silicates. From the experimental test results, lithium and potassium silicates produced a good improvement in carbonation resistance and are expected to be used as hydrophilic impregnants of concrete structures.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.487-493
• /
• 2008

산간지형이 많은 국내여건상 물류수송 및 교통 등을 위한 터널구조물의 활용성이 매우 높다. 그러나 터널굴착 및 라이닝 콘크리트구조물의 병행 시공시 굴착에 의한 진동 등의 영향으로 콘크리트구조물 초기 재령에 균열 및 내구성 저하의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 터널 라이닝용 콘크리트 배합 선정에 있어서 3성분계 시멘트 및 최근 국내에서 개발된 나일론 보강섬유의 내구성 및 역학적 물성 증진 효과를 실험적으로 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 나일론 섬유 및 3성분계 시멘트를 혼입시 콘크리트의 전반적인 물성 및 내구성능이 증진됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.351-359
• /
• 2019

In this study, the calcium hydroxide, an inherent product of cement hydration, was treated using biomimetic carbonation method of incorporating stearic acid to generate the hydrophobic calcium carbonate on concrete surface. Carbonation reaction was carried out at various $CO_2$ pressure and temperatures and utilizing the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), chloride-ion penetration test apparatus, and compression test machine to investigate the hydrophobicity, durability, and mechanical properties of the synthesized products. Experimental results indicate that the calcium stearate may change the surface property of concrete from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. Increasing reaction temperature can change the particles from irregular shapes to needle-rod structures with increased shear stress and thus favorable to hydrophobicity and microhardness. The contact angle against water for the concrete surface was found to increase with increasing $CO_2$ pressure and temperature, and reached to an optimum value at around $90^{\circ}C$. The maximum static water contact angle of 128.7 degree was obtained at the $CO_2$ pressure of 2 atm and temperature of $90^{\circ}C$. It was also found that biomimetic carbonation increased the permeability, acid resistance and chloride-ion permeability of the concrete material. These unique results demonstrate that the needle-rod structures of $CaCO_3$ synthetized on concrete surface could enhance hydrophobicity, durability, and mechanical properties of concrete.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.271-295
• /
• 2016

In this study, an extensive literature review has been conducted on the material characterization of UHPC and its potential for large-scale field applicability. The successful production of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) depends on its material ingredients and mixture proportioning, which leads to denser and relatively more homogenous particle packing. A database was compiled from various research and field studies around the world on the mechanical and durability performance of UHPC. It is shown that UHPC provides a viable and long-term solution for improved sustainable construction owing to its ultrahigh strength properties, improved fatigue behavior and very low porosity, leading to excellent resistance against aggressive environments. The literature review revealed that the curing regimes and fiber dosage are the main factors that control the mechanical and durability properties of UHPC. Currently, the applications of UHPC in construction are very limited due to its higher initial cost, lack of contractor experience and the absence of widely accepted design provisions. However, sustained research progress in producing UHPC using locally available materials under normal curing conditions should reduce its material cost. Current challenges regarding the implementation of UHPC in full-scale structures are highlighted. This study strives to assist engineers, consultants, contractors and other construction industry stakeholders to better understand the unique characteristics and capabilities of UHPC, which should demystify this resilient and sustainable construction material.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2007

표면침투제를 사용하여 콘크리트 표면을 경화시키는 보수공법은 간단한 시공방법 뿐 아니라 경제적인 방법으로 최근들어 많이 사용되고 있다. 이러한 표면보호공 또는 보수방법은 강도에 대해서는 크게 개선효과를확보하기는 어렵지만, 공극을 치밀하게 형성함으로서 내구적인 저항을 개선하고 내수구명을 연장할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 유/무기계 표면침투제를 사용한 콘크리트 시편에 대하여 흡수성, 투수성과 같은 기초적인 실내실험을 수행하였으며, 이에따라 최적의 표면침투제를 선정하였다. 이후 선정된 표면침투제에 대하여 다양한 내구성 실험(탄산화, 동결융해, 염해저항성, 내화학성)이 수행되었으며, 선정된 2가지 표면침투제를 사용한 콘크리트 시편은 우수한 내구적 저항성을 가지고 있음을 실험적으로 규명하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.577-580
• /
• 2006

This paper presents the experimental results of frost durability characteristics including freezing-thawing and de-icing salt scaling of the concrete used for gutter of the road. Mixtures were proportioned with the three level of water-binder ratio (W/B), 0.58, 0.53, and 0.48, and two binder compositions corresponding to Type I cement without any supplementary cementitious materials (OPC) and Type I cement with 30% blast-furnace slag replacement (Slag30). Also, two different solutions of calcium chloride and water that contains 0 and 8g of anhydrous calcium chloride in each 100 mL of solution, respectively, were used to evaluate their effect on the frost durability resistance. Test results showed that the Slag30 mixture exhibited higher durability factor and lower mass loss values than those made with OPC. Among the mixture tested in this work, the mixtures (OPC and Slag30) made with a relatively higher W/B of 0.58 exhibited large amount of the de-icing salt scaling regardless of calcium chloride concentration. Finally, the use of slag can be used effectively in terms of economy and frost durability of the concrete designated for gutter.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the workability, strengths and durability of polymer concrete using oyster shell that are reclaimed at public shore illegally or leaved on the surroundings of shore to prevent the environmental pollution. We investigated the effect of oyster shell powder (OSP) and $CaCO_3$. on the slump, compressive strength, flexural strength, acid sulfuric and freezing and thawing resistance as a filler of polymer concrete. Modified OSP obtained by crushing oyster shell (less than 0.15 mm size) consists of 60.47 wt% of $SiO_2$ and 39.5 wt% of $CaCO_3$. As a result of slump test by OSP and $CaCO_3$. contents, it is found that slump of specimen used OSP is lower than that used $CaCO_3$. and the more OSP contents are, its slump is increased. Compressive and flexural strength of polymer concrete using OSP are similar or slightly lower than that using $CaCO_3$. In acid sulfuric test for 5 % $H_2SO_4$ and freezing thawing test, regardless of kinds of fillers and contents are not found fatal defects in weight change, falling-off in surface and durability factor.