• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2012

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) on natural conception in the infertile patient. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study recruiting 180 patients admitted to Infertility Center of Ferrara University from January 2010 to February 2012. The essential inclusion criteria was the couple's desire to perform only diagnostic evaluation on infertility causes and to wait for natural conception before proceeding with further management. Couples were investigated with hormonal profile, semen analysis and HyCoSy. Expected time for spontaneous pregnancy was 180 days from HyCoSy. First datation sonography of pregnancy was used calculating time elapsed from HyCoSy at conception. Results: Forty patients (22.2%) obtained spontaneous pregnancy within 6 months after HyCoSy. The mean of "conception time" was 75 days. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the first 30 days (45%) compared to other the months of observation (p<0.0005). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal age and sterility duration proved independent variables in detecting the "conception time" after HyCoSy (t=3.742, p=0.001, t=2.371, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: A possible beneficial effect of HyCoSy is feasible especially in the days following its execution. This temporal correlation supports its therapeutic use.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.583-595
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생들의 힘에 대한 개념이 연모 실험을 설계하는 과정에 영향을 끼치고 있는 가를 탐색적으로 분석하는 것이다. 초등학교 6학년 학생 40명을 대상으로 힘에 대한 개념을 4개의 선다형 문항을 실시하여 응답 유형을 구분하였다. 힘 개념을 조사하는 문항과 짝을 이루도록 개발된 연모 실험의 4가지 과제를 동일한 학생들에게 해결하도록 하여 실험 설계 능력 중 가설 설정, 변인 통제 및 실험 방법의 요인으로 구분하여 조사하였다. 연구의 분석 결과 초등학생들을 힘에 대한 개념을 과학적 개념과 대안적 개념 집단으로 구별될 수 있었으며, 그 개념에 따라서 실험 설계 능력 중 가설 설정과 변인 통제 및 실험 방법에서 어떤 유형으로 구별되는 가를 분석하였는데, 과학적인 힘 개념을 가진 학생들이 연모 실험의 가설 설정과 변인 통제 및 실험 방법에서 차이를 보이지 못하였다. 이런 결과는 초등학생들의 힘 개념이 연모 실험을 설계하는데 아무런 영향을 주지 못하며, 결국 과학 개념이 실험을 설계하는데 긍정적인 역할을 하도록 한다는 가정이 유지되기 어렵다는 점을 시사받을 수 있었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the conception of elementary school students on evaporation and condensation, and then to verify the types of the conception. Forty-eight children from six elementary schools were sampled by stratified random sampling in Seoul and other provinces. They responded to the questionaire and the interview. This study was carried out according to the process of the basic study, the preliminary study, and the main study. The materials collected were classified and analyzed according to the types of children's ideas. The findings of this study were as follows. 1. The vocabulary used to describe the evaporation phenomena varied according to the situations, and the scientific term "evaporation" was more frequently used by the older groups. 2. Most children answered that the last location of water were air/sky/cloud. Air/cloud which represents the scientific conception of the location of water were mentioned by children of all ages. The higher the grade of the children were, the more scientific conception the children mentioned, however. 3. Most children referred to the heat as the factor of evaporation. Wind, on the other hand was mentioned by less than 10% of lower graders, and by about 30% of higher graders. 4. The result of asking children whether they thought it was possible to get the evaporated water back showed that about 70% of lower graders denied the possibility of the water being reversible. About 60% of higher graders. however, recognized that the water will be returned as rain or condensation. This increase may be associated with formal teaching of water cycle. 5. In the ideas of evaporation and condensation, some of the children have supernatural ideas and animism, which are most younger chilren's characteristics.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.848-856
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• 2008

In today's world where a preference for prestigious brands prevails, it's essential to have creative design conceptions rather than try simple mimicking or following in order to be recognized for creative and objective design works. In that sense, the development of clothes design using construction lines offers a great approach towards the ideas of reinterpreting and creating new designs since it creates new forms by understanding lines as signs of conception and transforming them. That approach allows a designer to improve his or her imagination, creativity and expression in a freer and richer manner, think of many original ideas through diverse changing processes, and develop the skill to visualize the ideas by incorporating geometric forms of abstract lines into clothes. When approaching the conception of clothes design from the standpoint of construction lines, you need to adopt more specific and systematic design methods instead of vague imagination to introduce simple facts or theories to a new design process. That's one of the ways you can approach clothes design easily and enhance your conception skills. The process of clothes design according to the conception of construction lines is composed of the following stages; the preparation stage involves an understanding of the principles and the entire process of clothes design conception based on construction lines; the idea stage requires a designer to make free alterations of the given basic construction lines by moving and replacing the lines and sides in diverse ways; in the creation and expression stage, the designer uses the newly reconstructed construction lines to create clothes design; and in the evaluation stage, the designer makes a presentation of his or her subjective design works and has his or her works assessed and tested in an objective fashion. In today's modern society that demands new and original globalized design, the results of the study will help to invigorate the development of new fashion design in a more systematic and practical manner by suggesting a feasible and gradual educational program for the development of design based on the technique of construction lines.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.586-594
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 끓는점 학습에서 인지 갈등, 상태 흥미, 개념 변화 사이의 관계를 조사했다. 또한, 이들 관계에서 성에 따른 차이도 조사했다. 중학교 1학년 학생 370명이 본 연구에 참여했다. 먼저, 학습된 오개념을 지닌 학생을 선별하기 위해 선개념 검사를 실시했다. 변칙 사례를 제시한 후, 변칙 사례에 대한 반응 검사와 상태 흥미 검사를 실시했다. CAI 프로그램으로 수업 처치를 한 후, 직후 개념 검사를 실시했다. 4주 후에 동일한 검사지로 개념 파지 검사를 실시했다. 인지 갈등과 상태 흥미 검사 점수는 모두 직후 개념 검사 및 개념 파지 검사 점수와 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 중다 회귀 분석 결과, 상태 흥미가 인지 갈등 보다 개념 변화 및 개념 파지 정도를 예측하는데 있어 더 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 남학생의 경우에는 상태 흥미만이 개념 변화 및 개념 파지에 대해 유의미한 예측 변인으로 나타났으나, 여학생의 경우에는 인지 갈등만이 유의미한 예측 변인으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to understand truncus area conception to be explained in the pyobon and geungyul (Root-Stem and Origin-End relationships; PG) of meridian theory as to do the macro organic spatial conception in bio-mechanic system for human body. Methods : The extremity areas and truncus area to be explained in PG theories were classified spatially, and the reason was discussed that human body was classified as the extremities and truncus areas for the people of old times. It was considered the structural characteristics, exercise species and movement characteristics of truncus area in human body also. Results : The truncus area were made of cranium, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, clavicle, scapula, sacrum and the hipbone. It was the hollow structure and classified as cranial cavity, pleural cavity(thoracic cavity) and pelvic cavity. These cavities had mutually organic relationships, and because of cavity structures in the truncus and full structures in extremities would act in different direction about gravity with each other for movements. So it would be estimated that the old peoples had to need to separate the truncus and the extremities. Conclusions : In this study, the truncus area and the extremity areas in the PG of meridian theory could be recognized as the spatial conception of bio-mechanic system in human body. Although this study was the theoretical study not to be proven, it will be used to understand for the meridian theory as basic reference for spatial conception and bio-mechanic system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2019

Objective: We determined the risk factors limiting first service conception (FSC) rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. Methods: Data were collected from 790 lactations regarding cow parity, peri- and postpartum disorders, body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, and expenses associated with reproductive management (treatment, culling, and others). Initially, we identified the risk factors limiting FSC rate in dairy cows. Various biological and environmental factors, such as herd, cow parity, BCS at 1 month postpartum and first artificial insemination (AI), resumption of cyclicity within 1 month of calving, year, AI season, insemination at detected estrus or timed AI, peri- and postpartum disorders, and calving to first AI interval, were evaluated. Next, we evaluated the economic impact of the success or failure of FSC by comparing the expense associated with reproductive management until conception between cows that did or did not conceive at their first service. Results: Cows with BCS <3.0 had a lower probability of conceiving at first insemination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, p<0.05) than cows with $BCS{\geq}3.0$. Cows inseminated during summer were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.44, p<0.001) than cows inseminated during spring. Cows with peri- or postpartum disorders were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.55, p<0.001) than cows without disorders. Survival curves generated using MedCalc showed an 81 day extension in the mean interval between calving and conception in cows that failed to conceive over those that did conceive at first insemination. Cows failing conceive required additional expenditure on reproductive treatment ($55.40) and other management ($567.00) than cows that conceived at first insemination. Conclusion: Lower BCS, hot weather at first insemination, and peri- and postpartum disorders are risk factors limiting FSC, which result in an economic loss of $622.40 per dairy cow.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.474-483
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated preservice elementary school teachers' awareness of students' misconceptions about several science topics, and the variables influencing their awareness. Seniors (N=106) from an university of education were asked to predict elementary school students' misconceptions on science topics such as phase changes and dissolution. Their conceptions about teaching and learning were also measured. The results indicated that the preservice teachers' predictions about the kinds and/or the ratios of students' misconceptions were different from those reported in previous studies. The low level preservice teachers in terms of the degrees of possessing traditional conception about teaching and learning predicted more students' common misconceptions. The degrees of preservice teachers' constructivist conception about teaching and learning and their major, however, did not significantly influence the numbers of common misconceptions predicted.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's conception of liquid conservation according to their ages and tasks in the boiling phenomenon The subjects were thirty 4-year-olds, thirty 6-year-olds, and thirty 8-year-olds recruited from two day-care center, one kindergarten, and one elementary school, in Seoul. Statistical methods used for data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations and repeated measures ANOVA. As the result, there was a significant difference in children's conception of liquid conservation in the boiling of water according to their ages. 8-year-old children showed higher levels of cognition than 4 and 6-year-olds. There was no difference in children's conception of liquid conservation in the boiling of water according to tasks.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.205-218
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• 2001

This study explored the conception of children as portrayed in a personal diary written the middle period of the Chosun Dynasty. The Yangalok is a daily record in which Moonkun Lee wrote how he brought up his grandson. The Yangalok is an important historical document, showing how people brought up their children and indicating their conception of childhood. Research questions included the definition of the period of childhood and a description of parent-child relationships. It was found that childhood was completed by age sixteen, the importance of the child as family member hinged on his position as an heir, and the parent-child relationship was defined by Chin(親), including qualities of both love and discipline.