• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

This study was performed to explore the adolescents\` conception and practice of Hyo(filial piety). Fifteen teams of 500 adolescents were allowed to discuss about Hyo for two hours and the team leaders presented what they had discussed. The subjects were 330 elementary school students, 130 middle school students, and 40 high school students. The findings from the discussion and presentation were as follows: First, the adolescents\` conceptions of Hyo were different in the stages of schools. Elementary school students thought that they should do Hyo because they got lots of mercy from parents. Middle and high school students both thought that Hyo came from mutual(parent-children) understanding, but they showed somewhat different view about what disturbed the mutual understanding. Middle school students pointed the deficiency of parents'self-disclosure as a disturbing factor while high school students pointed the deficiency of adolescents'understanding of their parents. Second, the behavioral items that the subjects suggested as Hyo were analysed by the 12 Subvirtues of Adolescent's Hyo which was classified by Chung et al.(1996a). Adolescents could not propose any behavioral items for Thanks, Ancestor Worship, and Ecological Equilibrium, and some items for Advising Parents and Thrift. A lot of items were suggested for Moral Training, Supporting (Parents), Consorting (Parents), Respecting (Parents), Establishing Oneself, and Following Parents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.321-323
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• 1995

Observations were recorded regarding various fertility parameters on 26 Jersey donor cows following superovulation under tropical conditions. These cows, in their mid-luteal phase were treated with 2,500-3,000 i.u. PMSG or 28-40 mg FSH followed by $500{\mu}g$ $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection 48-60 hours later, to induce oestrus. The cows were bred artificially twelve hours following standing oestrus. Embryo collection was carried out 7 days after oestrus. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was injected to each donor cow after embryo recovery to regress the corpora lutea. Fertility data($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-Oestrus interval, services per conception, days between embryo collection and successful service and any pathololgical condition) were recorded. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-Oestrus interval and correlation (r) between number of corpora lutea and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-Oestrus interval were $30.9{\pm}6.3$ and 0.17, respectively. Of 26 treated donors, 19 conceived within a period of $91.7{\pm}18.8$ days after embryo recovery. Average services per conception were $2.3{\pm}0.3$. Only two cows developed metritis which conceived after treatment with antibiotics. These observations indicated no profound adverse effect of superovulation on subsequent reproduction of donor cows, except some effect on services per conception, under tropical conditions.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 2000

Elementary school teachers' understandings about buoyancy were investigated through the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was composed of 4 questions on hydraulic pressure and 8 questions on buoyancy. The questions on buoyancy asked about the correlation of buoyancy with following basic concepts, density of liquid, volume of submerged object and so forth. 295 teachers on the 22 elementary schools in Busan, Yangsan and Gimhae were selected through random sampling method. The results of this study were summarized as follows: On the correlation of the magnitude and direction of hydraulic pressure with the depth of water, a large portion of the respondents had a scientific conception. But on the correlation of hydraulic pressure with density, the relatively small portion of them appeared to have a scientific conception. The respondents, on the whole, had a scientific conception about the correlation of buoyancy with density of liquid. But they seemed to have naive conceptions about the correlation of buoyancy with the volume of a submerged object and with the depth of water, the amount of water in container and the reduced amount of water by the object from container. We found that the respondents were context dependent and tended to search for solutions for the questions of buoyancy using the concept of pressure in the water. From above results, we suggested that in the would-be revised elementary science text book, the contents of pressure in the water should be introduced after the concept of weight in the water was gained.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.698-709
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• 2005

When modeling students' conceptual understanding, there are several different frameworks, among which are the alternative conception framework and the mental model framework, which converge to suggest a form of knowledge representation. However, little research has explained how they are different from each other and from memory. The purpose of this study was to develop a new mental model theory that integrates the different terminologies and their background theories, which refer to students' ideas not only in science education, but also in other research areas. For this purpose, at first, we compared different terminologies including alternative conception, p-prim, and mental models, and the underlying theories used for representing students' ideas in learning science. Through such comparison, we tried to find the relationship among them. We reviewed related literature and synthesized the results from both cognitive science (related research areas) and science education approaches, especially, Vosniadou's mental model theory. Based on reviewing previous studies, we have developed a preliminary mental model theory 'an integrated theoretical structure of mental models'. We applied the new mental model theory to interpret data on students' ideas about circular motion from our previous research. We expect our new mental model theory will help us understand how students form their own ideas in science from an integrated perspective.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1858-1864
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• 2007

Influence of varying level of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on milk yield and its composition was examined in a randomized complete block design in early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes during summer. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated. The diet 0B contained 0 while LB, MB and HB diets contained 0.50, 1.0 and 1.50% SB levels, respectively. The diets were randomly allotted to twenty buffaloes, five in each group. A linear increase in nutrient and water intake was recorded with increasing SB level. Buffaloes fed MB and HB diets showed higher nitrogen balance than those fed 0B and LB diets. A significant increase in blood pH and serum bicarbonate was noticed with increasing SB level. Urine pH increased significantly with increased SB level. A linear increase in milk yield was also noticed with increasing SB level. Milk fat% increased significantly in buffaloes fed MB and HB diets compared with those fed 0B and LB diets. Buffaloes fed HB diet had higher conception rate and less services per conception than those fed 0B diet. This study indicated that a high SB diet not only increased dry matter and water intake, milk yield, milk fat% but also increased conception rate in early lactating buffaloes during summer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.423-440
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conception and developmental process of stretching in sports physical therapy. This study is to find conception of stretching, feature and effect, principles and fundamental rule, consideration of enforcement and developmental process in order to use the basic material which is very helpful in the every field and the scene of sports needing stretching. Flexibility is the ability to move muscles and joints through their full ranges of motion. Flexibility is developed by stretching. About player who insufficiency of flexibility, patient and disabled person who restrict of range of motion, older adult who reduce of flexibility, promote of flexibility for upgrading stability and efficiency of body on the based of scientific principles is completed by stretching. The method of stretching has been developed with passive stretching, CR, PNF stretching, PIC stretching, MET stretching in the order. The effects that we can get through stretching are as follows : 1. Enhance physical fitness. 2. Optimize learning, practice and performance of many types of skilled movement. 3. Increase mental and physical relaxation. 4. Promote development of body awareness. 5. Reduce risk of joint sprain or muscle strain. 6. Reduce risk of back problem. 7 Reduce muscular soreness. 8. Reduce the severity of painful menstruation for female athletes. 9. Reduce muscular tension. 10. Advance recognition of body.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

This study is aimed at analyzing earth conception the nine pre service teachers who are majoring in earth science education and classifying a special feature from the ontological categories. Open ended questionnaires and semi structured interviews which meant to contribute to identifying ontological categories of concepts involving study area were designed. Pre service teachers' ontological category about earth conception most showed to dynamic and proto process. In the results show that many pre service teachers recognize simply the conception to a material, a condition and a conversion of the state changing. Most of the pre service teachers show their intermediate understanding level about the earth inner construction according to the analyzed results of the drawing tasks and interviews. The main alternative conceptions show them through a definition of the plate, a wording definition between lithosphere and asthenosphere, a feature of the plate boundary, a heat convection in the earth inner, the earth inner heat source, the earth inner structure, a physical feature of the mantle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 1975

Infertility and breeding status of Korean cows which are reared in a extensive alpine ranches of Daegwanryeong area was investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows, 1. Infertility frequency of the cows was 25.9% against a total examined number of 675 heads, and was 17.6% against a total rearing number. 2. The distributions of infertile cows 44.6% of Granular vaginitis-like syndrome, 36% of repeat breeder, 8.6% of symptom of ovary, 6.8% of symptom of uterus and 4% of other symptoms. 3. According to its age were found by 51.4% upon 2 years of age, 30.3% upon 3 years of age, 11.4% upon 4 years of age and 6.9% upon S years of age. 4. Breeding status of Korean cows showed 74.1% of conception rate in the cases of pre-treatment, while breeding status increased markedely in the cases of post-treatment by the 85.8%. 5. The conception rate by the artificial insemination mainly on the first mating was 36.1%. on the second mating 23.0% and on the third mating 18.0%. Total conception rate between first and third mating was 77.1%. 6. The therapeutic effect by treatment for granular vaginitis-like syndrome was 87.1%.

• School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.643-655
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• 2002

In this paper we emphasize the introduction of ‘incommensurability’ on the teaching and learning the irrational number because we think of the origin of number as ‘ratio’. According to Greek classification of continuity as a ‘never ending’ divisibility, discrete number and continuous magnitude belong to another classes. That is, those components were dealt with respectively in category of arithmetic and that of geometry. But the comparison between magnitudes in terms of their ratios took the opportunity to relate ratios of magnitudes with numerical ratios. And at last Stevin coped with discrete and continuous quantity at the same time, using his instrumental decimal notation. We pay attention to the fact that Stevin constructed his number conception in reflecting the practice of measurement : He substituted ‘subdivision of units’ for ‘divisibility of quantities’. Number was the result of such a reflective abstraction. In other words, number was invented by regulation of measurement. Therefore, we suggest decimal representation from the point of measurement, considering the foregoing historical development of number. From the perspective that the conception of real number originated from measurement of ‘continuum’ and infinite decimals played a significant role in the ‘representation’ of measurement, decimal expression of real number should be introduced through contexts of measurement instead of being introduced as a result of algorithm.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1999

This study was undertaken with three objectives : to determine the optimal time of blood collection for plasma urea nitrogen(PUN) analysis, to examine the frequency distribution of PUN levels in recipient herd and to relate concentration of PUN to conception rate in Hanwoo recipients. The relationship between PUN level and time postfeeding was examined for 5 individual cows. Mean concentration of PUN rose for 4hrs postfeeding and decreased to PUN level before feeding at 10hrs postfeeding. And then, the blood for PUN analysis was collected at the time before feeding in next experiments. The ratio of cows with PUN concentration of < 12, 12∼18 and 18mg/dl were 50.6, 39.9 and 9.5% in 163 recipients, individually. The pregnancy rate of cows with PUN concentration 12∼16 mg/dl (63.3%) was higher than that of cows with PUN concnetration < 12 mg/dl (46.7%) or > 16mg/dl (42.9%). There results suggest that the PUN test may be beneficial for management of recipient herd in effects to maintain or improve reproductive efficiency.