• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.18-18
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• 1996

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to obtain an objective index that can be quantified and used for establishing an animal welfare certification standard in Korea. For this purpose rumen pH, ruminating time, milk yield, milk quality, and blood components of cows reared in farms feeding high forage level (90%) and farms feeding low forage level (40%) were compared. Methods: Data on rumen pH, rumination time, milk yield, milk fat ratio, milk protein ratio, and blood metabolism were collected from 12 heads from a welfare farm (forage rate 88.5%) and 13 heads from a conventional farm (forage rate 34.5%) for three days in October 2019. Results: The rumination time was longer in cattle on the welfare farm than on the conventional farm (p<0.01), but ruminal pH fluctuation was greater in the cattle on conventional farm than the welfare farm (p<0.01). Conventional farms with a high ratio of concentrated feed were higher in average daily milk yield than welfare farms, but milk fat and milk production efficiency (milk fat and milk protein corrected milk/total digestible nutrients) was higher in cattle on welfare farms. Blood test results showed a normal range for both farm types, but concentrations of total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid were significantly higher in cows from conventional farms with a high milk yield (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that cows on the animal welfare farm with a high percentage of grass feed had higher milk production efficiency with healthier rumen pH and blood metabolism parameters compared to those on the conventional farm.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.23-34
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• 1997

Calcium-stimulated ATPase ($Ca^{2+}$-ATPase) which has optimal pH value at 7.0 was found in the membrane fraction of human milk, and its enzymatic properties were studied. The purified $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase required 0.45 mM Ca ion for maximal activity. Among the nucleosides, $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase showed a higher substrate specificity to ATP and UTP than to CTP and GTP. $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase had apparent Km value of 0.065, and V max of 7.63 mol ATP hydrolyzed/mg pro-tein per min, respectively. $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was potently inhibited by lanthanide, vanadate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate, and inactivated by EDTA, and CDTA and EGTA, but were unaffected by N-ethylmaleimide, $NaN_3$, ouabain, or oligomycin, and was completely inactivated by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. This enzyme activity was concentrated in the membrane fraction of the cream and skim milk membrane, but not founded in bovine milk.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1996

Sulfonamides are widely used to treat mastitis of cattle in field. The study was carried out to analyze sulfonamid residues In raw milk from south Kyeonggi area. The milk sample was deproteinated with acetone and defatted with hexane. The residual sulfonamides were extracted with ethylacetate, concentrated under vaccum, reconstituted with the acetate buffer-methanol mixture, reacted with fluorescamine, and then analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detector(EX. 39nm, Em. 495nm) with methanol : acetate buffer system(3/2, v /v) as a mobile phase. The results analyzed by Thin layer chromatography and High performance liquid chromatography were summarized as follows. 1. A total of 24 cases out of 478 raw milk samples(5.0%) collected during April and May showed positive reaction to sulfonamide residues. Among 24 positive reactors, 9 cases were positive to sulfanilamides(32.1%), 8 cases were positive to sulfathiazoles(28.6%) and 5 cases were positive to sulfamonomthoxines (7.9%) , respectively. 2. During July and August, 31 cases out of 464 raw milk samples(6.7%) showed positive re action to sulfonamide residues. Among them S cases were positive to sulfanilamides, 5 cases sulfathiazoles and 5 cases sulfamonomethoxines(16.1%), respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.359-364
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• 2005

The possible use of milk factory waste water as fermentation media for the production of citric acid by cells of Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 has been investigated. The addition of $Mn^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ to a medium promoted the citric acid production steadily, but addition of another metal ion $Mg^{2+}$decreased the citric acid production. The concentrations of citric acid were marked up to 7.2g/1 and 16.5g/l in a batch bioreactor by A. niger ATCC 9142 with 50g/1 and 100g/l of reducing sugar concentration in milk factory waste water, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.277-298
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• 1986

This paper reviews the mechanisms effecting host defense in the mammary gland and assesses their possible in preventing of bovine mastitis. The streak canal is the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens, providing a physical barrier and antibacterial substances. The milk leukocytes are a second defense line by ingesting pathogens breached the streak canal by multiplication, physical passage, and propulsion during milking. Leukocytosis in milk and enhancement of the phagocytic defense machanisms of the udder were accomplished by inserting intramammary devices. Milk antibodies serum derived and synthesized in mamma tissue aggregate and opsonise bacteria, agglutinate and neutralise toxins, and inhibit. binding of bacteria to epitherial surfaces. Vaccination generally has been unsuccessful because protection is not absolute, but immunization is useful in controlling specific pathogens. Immunostimulant to enhance locally the protective nature of antibody-producing plasma cells concentrated in internal teat end tissue may be effective in reducing the occurrence of infection, but ineffective in preventing intramammary infections.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1986

Feeding ratio in relation to milk production, usage of silage, hay and minerals and vitamin suplement were investigated from 5 dairy farms located in the areas of Cheju city, Jochun, Hallim an Sung-up. In this survey conducted on the dairty cow of 51 farms in the four districts of Cheju-do, it was suspected that the reproductive disorders seemed to be high because of inadequate feeding of roughages (especially silage) and increasing feeding of concentrated feeds. The average milk production of dairy cows was 21.3 Kg in spring, 19.3 Kg in summer, 16.2 Kg in fall and 15.7 Kg in winter.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 1996

The possible use of milk-wastewater as a fermentation media for the production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger has been investigated. The addition of Mn$^{2+}$ , Fe$^{2+}$ and Cu$^{2+}$ to the medium promoted citric acid production while only Mg$^{2+}$ decreased citric acid production. The concentrations of citric acid produced were marked up to 7.2g/l and 16.5g/l in a batch bioreactor by Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 with 50g/l and 100g/l of reducing sugar concentration in milk-wastewater, respectively. A mathematical model was developed and simulating the predictability of cell growth, citric acid production and substrate consumption rate, and gave good agreement results with experimental data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.966-975
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• 2015

Heat production in ruminants follows a diurnal pattern over the course of a day peaking 3 hours following afternoon feeding and then gradually declining to its lowest point prior to morning feeding. In order to clarify the cooling period most effective in reducing decreases in feed intake and milk production, experiments were carried out based on the diurnal rhythm of heat production and heat dissipation. In experiment 1, the effects of hot environment on milk production were investigated. The animals were kept first in a thermoneutral environment ($20.0^{\circ}C$, 80.0%) for 12 days, they were then transitioned to a hot environment ($32^{\circ}C$, 80.0%) for 13 days before being returned to second thermoneutral environment for a further 12 days. In experiment 2, the effectiveness of daytime cooling or nighttime cooling for improving milk production in hot environment was compared. While ten lactating Japanese Saanen goats (aged 2 years, weighing 41.0 kg) during early lactation were used in experiment 1, ten lactating goats (aged 2 years, weighing 47.5 kg) during mid-lactation were used in experiment 2. The animals were fed 300 g of concentrated feed and excessive amounts of crushed alfalfa hay cubes twice daily. Water was given ad libitum. The animals were milked twice daily. When exposed to a hot environment, milk yield and composition decreased significantly (p<0.05). Milk yield in the hot environment did not change with daytime cooling, but tended to increase with nighttime cooling. Compared to the daytime cooling, milk components percentages in the nighttime cooling were not significantly different but the milk components yields in the nighttime cooling were significantly higher (p<0.05). The results indicate that nighttime cooling is more effective than daytime cooling in the reduction of milk production declines in lactating goats exposed to a hot environment.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2005