• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.699-705
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• 1998

This paper surveys the effect of rice straw ash solution to the physical properties of Sappan Wood dyeing fabrics. In the quantitative analysis of rice straw ash solution, the quantities of absorbed ingredients in fabrics were increased by bath pull treatment but the amount of absorption(K/S value) was increased by bath pH4.5 treatment. This is related to the metal ion. Among the metal ion, effect of Fe iou and Al ion were related. In case added extracted dye solution to mordants, the color dye solution became dark and increased reddish. The changes of mechanical properties of fabrics tensile resilience, bending rigidity(B), compressional resilience(RC) were increased. Generally mechanical properties were increased by rice straw ash solution treatment, specially bath pH9 treatment. Rice straw ash solution treatment of dyeing fabrics made the improvement in tensile strength and elongation and in the amount of absorption, dye ability, color fastness, mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.660-666
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• 2004

This article describes the change of hand value of chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics. The chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics were manufactured by mercerizing process using epichlorohydrin(ECH) as crosslinkins agent, 2% aqueous acetic acid as a solvent of chitosan and ECH, and 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide as a mercerizing agent and crosslinking catalyst. Cotton fabrics were dipped in the mixed solution of chitosan and ECH, picked up by mangle, mercerized and crosslinked in NaOH solution, and finally wash and dry. Mechanical and physical properties of the chitosan crosslinked fabric were investigated using Kawabata Evaluation System(KES) and other instruments. Tensile energy and tensile strain were decreased with the increase of the concentration of chitosan. Tensile resilience, compression resilience bending rigidity, bending hysteresis, shear stiffness, shear hysteresis, coefficient of friction, geometrical roughness, compression linearity, compressional energy, and thickness were increased with the increase of the concentration of chitosan. On the other hand, bending rigidity, bending hysteresis, coefficient of friction, geometrical roughness, compressional resilience, and thickness were increased with the increase of the concentration of crosslinking agent(epichlorohydrin).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2000

Effect of fixation methods on the flame retardant(FR) and performance properties of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics were studied. Combination of three different fixation methods - premercerization, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of cotton with MDPPA/HMM. As a result, an increase in internal volume of cotton fiber by pre-mercerization and addition of swelling agent, and wet fixation increased %add-on of FR agent improving FR efficiency and wash fastness. Tensile strength of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics by wet fixation and swelling agent were slightly decreased, but that of premercerized cotton was improved. Wet fixated fabric showed lower bending rigidity and better compressional properties which improved fabric hand. Retention of swelling ability of cotton treated with MDPPA/HMM improved moisture absorption properties.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.269-281
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• 1994

Microscopic study and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out to find out rock type, tock forming minerals; and weathering characteristics of rocks at the constructing site of the churyong Tunnel, Kyongju-Gun, Kyongbuk. Seismic velocity and compressional strength were measured to evaluate mechanical properties of rock. The rock of the study area is Jurassic tuff consisting of clay minerals, crystals of quartz and feldspar, fragments of volcanic rocks and shale. Fresh tuff has compressional strength of about $443kg/\textrm{cm}^2$ and seismic velocity of about 3680m/sec in average. It is classified as soft rock. Rock fragment within tuff is andesite and it has compressional strength of about $2500kg/\textrm{cm}^2$ and seismic velocity of about 4340m/sec in average. It is classified as hard rock. A good linear relationship is found between compressional streangth and seismic velocity in both laboratory sample and in-situ rocks. Laboratory samples has seismic velocities faster about 1.5km/sec than those in-situ rocks. It is interpreted that joints, fractures, and water content in the in-situ rocks result in decreas of seismic velocity. As Tuff has more than 50% of clay minerals in matrix and shale fragments, it absorbs water easily in atmospheric condition. Therefore, though the rock in the study area is medium hard rock before weathering, it is weathered very easily in the case of exposure to natural environment, comparing with other rock.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1063-1075
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• 2013

The strength of frozen soils is one of the significant design parameters for the construction in frozen ground. The properties of frozen soils should be investigated to understand the strength of frozen soils. The objective of this study is to figure out the characteristics of elastic waves in frozen soils, which reflect the constituent and physical structure of frozen soils in order to provide fundamental information of those according to the degree of saturation. Freezing cell is manufactured to freeze specimens, which are prepared with the degree of saturation of 10%, 40%, and 100%. Piezo disk elements are used as the compressional wave transducers and Bender elements are used as the shear wave transducers. While the temperature of specimens changes from $20^{\circ}C$ to $-10^{\circ}C$, the velocities, resonant frequencies and amplitudes of the compressional and shear waves are investigated based on the elastic wave signatures. Experimental results reveal that the elastic wave velocities increase as the degree of saturation increases. The variation of resonant frequencies coincide with that of elastic wave velocities. A marked discrepancy in amplitudes of compressional and shear waves are observed at the temperature of $0^{\circ}C$. This study renders the basic information of elastic waves in frozen soils according the degree of saturation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.271-276
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between sound color and physical propertiessuiting fabrics. Rustling sounds of 23 suiting fabrics by sound generator developed for this study were recorded and analysed through FFT analysis. Three sound color factor(ΔL Δf. LPT) were obtained.Physical properties of specimens were measured by KES-FB. Level range(L) showed significant correlation with tensile resilience(RT) and thickness (T). Frequency difference(Δf) showed significant correlation with tensile linearity(LT), shear properties(G, 2HG, 2HG5), compressional energy(WC), and weight(W). Total sound pressure (LPT) showed significant correlation with elongation at maximum load (EM), tensile linearity(LY), and tesile energy(WT). By stepwise regression LPT was found to be explained by EM, MIU, RC, LT significantly.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 1996

Cracks have influence on the physical and mechanical and, more importantly, on the engineering properties of the rock. Physical properties including the volumetric deformation coefficient, electrical resistivity, seismic wave velocity, and the mechanical properties such as the elastic constants and strength of rock are affected significantly by the presence of cracks of various sizes. An experimental program was undertaken to investigate the effect of a finite line crack on the diffraction of the plane compressional wave. Horizontal and vertical components of displacement and acceleration curve were obtained using a single-source and multi-receivers system. A theoretical model from numerical analysis implementing the finite element method was compared with the measured data.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.193-206
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• 2006

Among various borehole seismic testing techniques for determining body wave velocity, crosshole seismic method has been known as one of the most suitable technique for evaluating reliably geotechnical dynamic properties. In this study, to perform successfully the crosshole seismic test for rock as well as soil layers regardless of the groundwater level, multi-purposed spring-loaded source which impact horizontally a subsurface ground in vertical borehole was developed and applied at major facility sites in Korea. The geotechnical dynamic properties were evaluated by determining efficiently the body wave velocities such as shear wave velocity and compressional wave velocity from the horizontally impacted crosshole seismic tests at study sites, and were provided as the fundamental parameters for the seismic performance evaluation and seismic design of the target facilities.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.39-52
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• 2010

Interests in creating three-dimensionally designed fabric materials are growing rapidly in the sectors of the fashionable textiles with the creativity, new functions, and aesthetics. A number of finishing methods have been developed and proposed to add or create new functions and designs for silk fabrics. Due to the strong hydrogen bonds between the molecules of silk fibroins, the thermal treatment methods used in thermoplastic fiber processing, which can easily deform the synthetic filament fabrics to endow three-dimensional appearance to the fabrics, are not applicable to the silk fabric treatment. In order to modify the fine structure of silk fiber, neutral salt solution treatment methods have been suggested. In this study, the effect of the calcium nitrate solution on the physical and mechanical properties of silk fabrics was investigated by using the KES(Kawabata Evaluation System) equipment. Based on these findings, relationships between parameters, for example, the thickness and the compressional energy, the thickness and the compressional linearity, and the air permeability and the pore area statistical analysis were investigated. The relationships between the process parameters such as treatment temperature/time and the resulting fabric property parameters were also analyzed by using several SAS procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1985

To determine the change of the mechanical properties of the wool/polyester blend fabrics in proportion to blend ratio, 10 mechanical properties were measured on 6 blend fabrics by KES-F system. Blend ratio on the 6 blend fabrics was increased by $20\%$, and the structure of the fabric were plain, 2/2 twill, respectively. And wearing performances in propoetion to blend ratio on the 6 blend fabrics were investigated. In this experiment. the following conclusions were obtained with the increase of blend ratio of polyester. 1) The values of WT, RT in tensile properties. tensile energy and elongation, and RC in compressional properties were decreased. 2) The values of B, 2HB in bending properties, 2HG. 2HG 5 in shearing properties were increased. 3) Putting on clothes, wearing performance was bad because crumbling of shape and wrinkle were easily made an appearance. Particularly it was remarkably bad as blend ratio of polyester was expressed $60\%$.