• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2013

Bandler and Kohout investigated the solvability of fuzzy relation equations with inf-implication compositions in complete lattices. Perfilieva and Noskova investigated the solvability of fuzzy relation equations with inf-implication compositions in BL-algebras. In this paper, we investigate various solutions of fuzzy relation equations with inf-implication compositions in pseudo BL-algebras.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2002

Polymer based physical mixtures or solid dispersions containing solubilizing compositions[OA, tween80 and SLS] were prepared using a spray-dryer. Lovastatin(LOS), simvastatin(SIMS), aceclofenac(AFC) and cisapride(CSP) were selected as poorly water-soluble drugs. Dextrin, poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) were chosen as solubilizing carriers for solid dispersions. The solid dispersions containing solubilizing compositions without drug were prepared without using organic solvents or tedious changes of formulation compositions. This system could be used to quickly screen the dissolution profiles of poorly water-soluble drugs by simply mixing with drugs thereafter. In case of solid dispersion containing drug, organic solvent systems could be used to solubilize model drugs. The dissolution rates of the drugs were higher when mixed with drug and solid dispersions containing solubilizing compositions. However, solid dispersions of LOS, AFC, and CSP simultaneously containing drug and solubilizing compositions in organic solvent systems were more useful than physical mixtures of drug and solid dispersions without drug except SIMS. Based on solubilizing capability of polymer based physical mixtures in gelatin hard capsules, optimal solid dispersion system of poorly water-soluble drugs could be formulated. However, it should be noted that dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs were highly dependent on drug properties, solubilizing compositions and polymeric carriers.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.131-138
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• 1986

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of thirteen of the under 2 micron size fraction of the montmorillonites were measured. The oxygen isotopic compositions of these samples range from + 17.0 to +25.1 permil and the hydrogen isotope compositions range from -47.5 to -65.8 permil with an average standard deviation of 0.7 and 2.7 permil, respectively. The oxygen isotope compositions show a positive relationship with stratigraphy whereas the hydrogen isotope compositions do not. It suggest that the montmorillonite attained isotopic equilibrium at the maximum burial depth and ratained their oxygen isotope composition on subsequent uplift. Possibilities of montmorillonite formation by weathering or hydrothermal alteration of volcanic material are eliminated by the ${\delta}D$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of these samples. Calculated formation temperature lie between 29 to $80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.576-580
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• 1993

An attempt was made to investigate the chemical compositions of the three plant types such as runner type(Yeoju landrace), semi-Spanish type(Suweon 15ho) and Spanish type(Wasedairu) of peanut. The proximate compositions were lipid 44.25~46.48% and protein 22.54~25.42% in various plant types of peanut, respectively. And the contents of purified free and bond lipids were 43.71~45.44% and 1.74~3.12%, respectively. The predominant fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, palmitic and arachidic acid in the free lipid, and linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid in t도 bond lipid. Pattern of 16 amino acid compositions in three plant types of peanut was shown to be similarity. Major amino acid were glutamic acid(75.30~104.66mg/g), arginine(57.30~74.27mg/g), aspartic acid(41.44~63.05mg/g) and leucine(30.80~39.00mg/g). The richest mineral contained in three plant types of peanut was noticed to be K and followed by Mg, Ca and Na. The lead content was below the authorized tolerance limits.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1997

The purpose of this work was to investigate pharmacokinetics of alcohol as a function of dose and time of administration of ethanol. The pharmacokinetics of alcohol 15 min after and before oral administration of aspartate-containing compositions to rats were also evaluated. The retention time of acetaldehyde, alcohol and isopropyl alcohol an internal standard in gas chromatogram was 3.6, 6.0 and 10.5 min, respectively. The maximum concentration of alcohol $(C_{max})$ and area under the blood concentration (AUC) were significanly increased as a function of ethanol dose in a nonlinear fashion. The significant diurnal variation of alcohol pharmacokinetics was also noted, showing fast metabolism and elimination when given orally in the night time. When APAP was given after administration alcohol (1g/kg) to rats, AUC and $C_{max}$ were increased when compared to alcohol only. However, AUC and $C_{max}$ were decreased when aspartate or standard complex compositions containing aceaminophen (APAP, 250mg). sodium L-aspartate(25 mg), dl-methionine (125 mg) and anhydrous caffeine (25 mg) was orally given by coupling malate/asparate shuttle in hepatocyte. The blood alcohol concentration profiles between aspartate and standard complex compositions were similar when given before or after administration alcohol (1g/kg) to rats. No significant difference of administration sequence was observed. However, it was noted that AUC and $C_{max}$ of standard complex compositions given before alcohol administration were significantly lower when compared with alcohol only. Based on these findings, dose, time of administration and composition of drugs to improve alcohol metabolism and elimination were considered to be important in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol. The administration sequence of drug compositions and alcohol might be also considerd.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.112-123
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to investigate the trace elemental and stable isotopic compositions of aragonitic mollusk shells, such as Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis, Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum, from the eastern coast of Korean peninsula and Cheju Island, and to compare their variations with latitude, that is, the temperature of the ambient seawater at which the skeletons grew. The Mg compositions of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend. Sr compositions of Mytilidae tend to increase with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis decrease. Fe compositions of Umbonium coastatum tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase. Fe compositions of Mytilidae do not show any trend with water-temperature variations. Ba compositions of all the skeletons do not show any trend with water-temperature variations. Cd compositions of Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase. Cu compositions of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase with increasing water temperature, whereas Mytilidae and Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend. Pb compositions of Umbonium coastatum do not show any tend with increasing water temperature, but those of other skeletons increase. Zn compositions of Mytilidae tend to decrease with increasing water temperature, whereas those of Gomphina veneriformis melanaegis increase. Zn compositions of Umbonium coastatum do not show any trend with increasing water temperature. Estimated water temperatures from oxygen isotopic data of all the skeletons are higher than the range of water temperature of the shallow seawater of the East Sea and around Cheju Island. The oxygen isotopic compositions of all the skeletons are well clustered, but they do not show any trend with latitude. Therefore, this could reflect that the organisms may not have secreted their shells in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with ambient seawater due to vital effect. Thus, isotopic compositions of all the organisms in this study may not be suitable for paleotemperature estimate.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-141
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• 2012

The guano formed from the bat excrement in a cave contains various sulfate and phosphate minerals formed from the reaction of bat excrement with surrounding rocks and clastic minerals. Therefore, the mineral compositions in the guano provide basic informations on the geochemical environments affecting mineral formation in a cave. This study was conducted to study the mineral compositions of guano and the factors affecting those compositions by comparing mineralogical and chemical compositions in three different limestone caves in Korea. The guano samples in Gossi Cave contain detrital minerals such as illite, quartz and feldspar and relatively large amount of gypsum. The contents of gypsum increase with increasing depth, which is different from the samples collected in other caves. The samples collected from Baekryong Cave have the similar mineral compositions to those in Gossi Cave, but they also contain additional kaolinite and very small amount of gypsum. The samples in Sungryu Cave have similar mineralogical compositions to those in Gossi Cave, but contian bassanite instead of gypsum. The mineralogical compositions are well correlated with the chemical compositions of guano. The mineral compositions indicate that, in Gossi Cave, the minerals were formed by the reaction of large amount of bat excrement with surrounding rocks in high humidity condition or in the condition of frequent floods. In the case of Sungryu Cave, bassanite which can be formed in a dry condition indicates that minerals were formed in a relatively low humidity condition.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.51-55
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• 2007

Nickel iron (Ni-Fe) alloy coating was investigated. The effects of the current density, current type, pulse duration and bath compositions on the morphologies and surface hardness of nickeliron deposits as well as the chemical compositions were investigated. The morphologies, surface hardness and chemical compositions of nickel-iron deposits were varied with current density, current type and bath compositions. The surface hardness was increased up to $550{\sim}600Hv$ when PC plating was employed. Crackless coating was obtained when saccharin was added. The change of composition with thickness was analyzed with EDS and FESEM.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.2041-2046
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• 2004

Recently series of steam explosion experiments have been performed in the TROI facility to identify the influence of corium compositions on the occurrence of a spontaneous steam explosion varying corium melt composition. The compositions of the corium were 0 : 100, 50 : 50, 70 : 30, 80 : 20 and 87 : 13 at weight percent of $UO_2$ to $ZrO_2$, and the mass of the corium was about 10kg. Corium melt at 0 : 100 weight percent (pure zirconia) caused a strong spontaneous steam explosion, and melt at 70 : 30 weight percent(eutectic corium) led to a weak steam spike, while melts at other compositions did not result in spontaneous steam explosions, when they came into contact with 67cm deep water pool at room temperature. It seems that the explosivity of pure zirconia is stronger than that of corium at other compositions and a steam explosion is not likely to occur with corium melts at non-eutectic compositions which are included in mushy zone region.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

Recently epoxy resin compositions having backbone of novolac derivatives with biphenylene compounds have been used as materials of eco-freindly EMC (Epoxy Molding Compound), because the cured epoxy resin compositions show the self-extinguishing without flame retardant additives. In this study, epoxy resin compositions were prepared and cured using novolac derivateves with biphenylene. Their propeties - structures of phenol derivatives and reactivity, thermal expansion, modulus, and thermal degradation - were obtained by DSC, DMA, TMA, TGA method. When both epoxy resin and hardenr had the biphenyl novolac structure, epoxy resin compositions showed low thermal expansion, good mechanical property, and combustion retardation.