• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2019

Dysphagia may result from dysfunction of any of the components involved in the complex neuromuscular interaction of swallowing. Hyperfunction of any of the muscles involved in swallowing is a frequent cause of dysphagia. The cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) is a key component of the upper esophageal sphincter. Cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPD) refers to the muscle's failure to appropriately and completely relax or expand during deglutition. A variety of disease processes may cause CPD and accurate diagnosis is paramount for appropriate treatment. In appropriately selected patients, intervention at the CPM may yield significant improvement in dysphagia. Interventions include nonsurgical, pharyngoesophageal segment dilatation, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection, and criccopharyngeal myotomy. Injections of BoNT in patients with CPD have been reported to result in marked relief of dysphagia. Different techniques for instilling BoNT into the CPM have been described. Awake, in-office CPM BoNT injection with electromyography and/or fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance is performed transcervically or via flexible endoscopy. Operative CPM BoNT injection involves rigid laryngoscopy and esophagoscopy with direct visualization of the CPM. BoNT should be prepared in low-volume, high-concentration dilutions to minimize the potential for undesired diffusion of the toxin. The effects of BoNT occur within weeks of injection and typically last up to 5 or 6 months.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1995

Between March 1989 and December 1994, one-stage repair was performed for correction of the intracardiac malformations associated with aortic coarctation in 34 patients or interrupted aortic arch in 8 patients via median sternotomy. There were 26 male and 16 female patients, and their body weight ranged from 1.8 to 8 kg [mean weight, 4.0 1.4 kg . The age at the operation ranged from 7 days to 18 months [mean age, 3.1 $\pm$ 3.8 months . The repair of aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch was performed using extended end-to-end anastomosis in most of the patients [86%, 36/42 , and six patients underwent ductal tissue excision and patch aortoplasty. Intracardiac defects were corrected concomitantly through the right atrium unless the anatomy dictated otherwise. Obstructive outlet septum was resected whenever necessary. There were seven early deaths [16.8 % , and three late deaths with a mean follow-up period of 25 months [range from 1 to 65 months . Three patients were reoperated upon residual subaortic stenosis, stenosis at the RPA origin, and subacute bacterial endocarditis respectively. None showed any significant residual or anastomotic stenosis postoperatively. One stage repair of the aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch associated with intracardiac defect leaves no native coarctation shelf tissue or residual hypoplasia in the repaired segment, has low incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis, minimizes reoperation and incisions, and manages arch hypoplasia easily. We concluded that surgical results of one-stage repair for the intracardiac malformation associated with aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch are reasonable.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 1996

In order to study the role of C-terminal aromatic region of T4 endonuclease V in the interaction with substrate DNA, NMR and Fluorescence spectrum were recorded. Analysis of flu orescence emission spectra showed that C-terminal region of T4 endonuclease V is in or very near the binding site. In the HSQC spectrum of $^{15}N$-Tyr-labeled T4 endonuclease V*DNA complex, the broadening of a peak was observed. It is presumed that this peak corresponds to one among three tyrosine residues which belong to the WYKYY segment of C-terminal region of T4 endonuclease V. Interactions of peptide fragments consisting of C-terminal residues of T4 endonuclease V with DNAs(TT-, T^T-DNA) were investigated by NMR and Fluorescence experiment. The results suggest that two peptide fragments themselves bind to DNAs and their binding pattern is not an intercalation mode.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2000

Posterior transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability due to trauma or rheumatoid arthritis provides immediate rigid fixation of the C1-2 vertebral segment while preserving motion between the occiput and C1. This technique provides more resistance to translational and rotational forces than wiring technique. However, the technique of transarticular screw fixation is inherently demanding because of the complex anatomy of the occipitocervical region and vertebral artery(VA) at risk for arterial damage. VA injury may lead to serious subsequent neurological deficits and possibly death from bilateral VA injury. We report a case of a vertebral artery-to-epidural venous plexus fistula after posterior transarticular screw fixation which was treated with balloon occlusion.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 2001

In the zigzag milling operation, an important issue is to design a machining strategy which minimizes the cutting time. An important variable for minimization of cutting time is the tool path length. The tool path is divided into cutting path and non-cutting path. Cutting path can be subdivided into tool path segment and step-over, and non-cutting path can be regarded as the tool retraction. We propose a new method to determine the cutting direction which minimizes the length of tool path in a convex or concave polygonal shape including islands. For the minimization of tool path length, we consider two factors such as step-over and tool retraction. Step-over is defined as the tool path length which is parallel to the boundary edges for machining area and the tool retraction is a non-cutting path for machining any remaining regions. In the determination of cutting direction, we propose a mathematical model and an algorithm which minimizes tool retraction length in complex shapes. With the proposed methods, we can generate a tool path for the minimization of cutting time in a convex or concave polygonal shapes including islands.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

We propose a method to extract features optically from the input pattern by use of an array of Hough transfOllli filters. Here the subparts of the input pattern are Hough-transformed by. their cOlTesponding elements of the filter array independently and simultaneously. Compared with the conventional method, in which the whole input pattern is Hough-transformed by a single optical filter, the proposed method not only provides the improved optical transform results when the input pattern becomes complex but also extracts the approximate position information of the line segment features. To show the feasibility of this approach, we fabricated a $5\times5$ filter array and performed preliminary experiments.iments.

• IE interfaces
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2005

In the automated production environment in the present days, the minimization of manual operation becomes a very important factor in increasing the efficiency of the production system. The exit burr produced through the milling operation on the edge of workpiece usually requires manual deburring process to enhance the level of precision of the resulting product. So far, researchers have developed various methods to understand the formation of exit burr in cutting process. One method to analytically identify the formation of exit burr was to use the geometrical information of CAD and CAM data used in automated machining. This method, in turn, generated the information resulting from the analysis such as burr type, cutting region, and exit angle. Up to now, the geometrical data were restricted to the single feature and single path. In this paper, a method to deal with the complicated geometric features such as line segment, arc, hole, and spline will be presented and validated using the field data. This method also deals with the complex workpiece shape which is a combination of multiple features. As for the cutting path, multiple tool path is analyzed in order to simulate the real cutting process. All this analysis is combined into a Windows based software and real data are used to validate the program in the conclusion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

As vehicles become intelligent for convenience and safety of drivers, in-vehicle networking (IVN) systems are essential components of intelligent vehicles. Recently, the chassis networking system which require increased network capacity and real-time capability is being developed to expand the application area of IVN systems. Also, FlexRay has been developed for the chassis networking system. However, FlexRay needs a complex scheduling method of static segment, which is a barrier for implementing the chassis networking system. Especially, if we want to migrate from CAN network to FlexRay network using CAN message database that was well constructed for the chassis networking system by automotive vendors, a novel scheduling method is necessary to be able to reduce design complexity. This paper presents a node-based scheduling method for FlexRay network system. And, in order to demonstrate the method's feasibility, its performance is evaluated through an experimental testbed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.176-183
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• 2008

The transition to digital television is a massive and complex undertaking, affecting virtually every segment of the television industry and all viewers who watch television. In this respect, consequences of digital conversion of broadcasting and its related industries are so tremendous that countermeasure establishment for activation of digital broadcasting and programming industry is required. This paper explores the current situation of digital broadcasting in terms of the channel operation and contents focusing on the cases of the U.S. and U.K. In doing so, this paper presents reasonable directions and policy suggestions that should be resolved to advance Korean digital broadcasting.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.541-545
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• 1997

This paper presents a modified geometric active contour model or edge detection and segmentation of computed tomography(CT) scan images. The method is based on the level setup approach developed by Osher and Sethian and the modeling of propagation fronts with curvature dependent speeds by Malladi. Based on above algorithms, the geometric active contour is obtained through a particular level set of hypersurface lowing along its gradient force and curvature force. This technique retains the attractive feature which is topological and geometric flexibility of the contour in recovering objects with complex shapes and unknown topologies. But there are limitations in this algorithm which are being not able to separate the object with weak difference from neighbor object. So we use speed limitation filter to overcome those problems. We apply a 2D model to various synthetic cases and the three cases of real CT scan images in order to segment objects with complicated shapes and topologies. From the results, the presented model confirms that it attracts very naturally and efficiently to the desired feature of CT scan images.