• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2006

In this study, the distribution patterns of major odorous compounds in ambient air were investigated in the areas surrounding the Ban-Wall industrial complex of Ansan, Korea (Aug. 2004 to Sep. 2005). The results indicated the environmental significance of several major odorous compounds which include carbonyl compounds, reduced sulfur compounds (RSC), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). When the results were compared on a diurnal basis, the afternoon time concentration of most odorous compounds were notably higher than their morning time counterparts. It also indicated that the odor concentrations differed greatly, in terms of spatial grouping scheme of data sets, such as between industrial area and non-industrial area. The comparison of spatial patterns indicated that the concentrations of most of the compounds at the industrial area were maintained at high concentration levels, compared to the surrounding areas. The overall results of this study thus suggest that the distribution of odorous compounds in a large industrial complex can exhibit a unique pattern of their own.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.325-336
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• 2006

The presence of volatile organic compounds (VOC), produced and released from both anthropogenic and natural sources, can accelerate the degradation of air quality in the surrounding area. In this study, we investigated the emission concentrations of VOC based on a total of 115 sample analysis made from 47 companies (representing 17 types of industry) at the Ban Wall industrial complex (Jun. 2004 to Jan. 2005). Through a statistical analysis of these measurement data, we inspected the emission characteristics of VOC in relation with industrial type and processing unit. When these data were compared each other, toluene was found to record the highest value of 423 ppb followed by ethylbenzene (68.3 ppb), m, p-xylene (43.6 ppb), o-xylene (27.2 ppb), styrene (23.9 ppb), and benzene (16.4 pub). In addition, by converting these VOC concentration data into malodor intensity, we attempted to account for their distribution patterns in terms of relative contribution to the malodor formation. The results of odor intensity conversion generally indicated that the odor intensities of individual VOC do not exceed the degree of 1. When our VOC results were compared against other odorous compounds measured concurrently, the results were highly contrasting each other. Despite relative insignificance as odorous compounds, these VOCs are generally found ubiquitously and in abundant quantities in this strong source area.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.291-301
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different mixing ratios of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in diets on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and odor gas emissions of growing pigs. A total of four crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) barrows with average body weight (BW) of 41.2 ± 0.7 kg were randomly allotted four diets over four periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were as follows: Control (CON, basal diet), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L4S6, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 4:6 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L5S5, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 5:5 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L6S4, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 6:4 ratio). Dietary probiotic supplementation showed higher crude protein (CP) digestibility values and lower Escherichia coli counts in fecal samples than the CON group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in NH₃ or H₂S emission until day 3. The positive effect of H₂S and NH₃ emissions was detected earlier with the L4S6 and L5S5 compared to the L6S4, which had a lower ratio of B. subtilis. Both the L4S6 and L5S5 probiotic complexes significantly decreased the fecal H₂S and NH₃ emission in days 4 and 6 (p < 0.05). On day 7, all probiotic complexes decreased (p < 0.05) H₂S and NH₃ emissions than the CON group. Our results agreed that the dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis complexes in growing pigs can significantly improve CP digestibility and reduce fecal E. coli counts, NH₃ and H₂S emissions. Notably, the higher mixing ratio of Bacillus subtilis in probiotic supplementation is more effective in reducing the odor of manure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2013

This study is to develop the production method of stepwise dilution gas for the evaluation of complex odor concentration by orifice tube. The basic orifice tube for 10 and 30 times of dilution sample was made at first, and with the combination of the basic orifice tubes we can continuously manufacture the stepwise dilution sample gas for air dilution sensory test ; 10, 30, 100, 300, 1,000, 3,000 times etc. The hole size of orifice tube was 0.84 mm for 10 times of dilution sample, and was 0.34 mm for 30 times. Dilution sample gas made with the basic orifice tube have an excellent reproducibility, 2%RSD. In addition, over 90% of correlation was shown between the sample made by the orifice tube and the sample by the syringe dilution method. Because there was no concentration drift of dilution gas with changes of connected pump flow, the basic orifice tube could be mounted directly with a vacuum suction box, and could be used simply as a tool for the evaluation of odor, especially on site.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.441-446
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• 1988

Alkaline treatment during preparation of anchovy extracts was studied for its changes in some of the physicochemical and sensory qualities. The dried anchovy was blended in 0-0.5N NaOH solutions and then incubated at $60^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. After extraction the suspensions were neutralized and centrifuged. The results showed that the yields of solids and protein were increased by 3-5 fold of those of water extract as alkaline concentration and treatment time increased. The intrinsic viscosity showed little changes for the extracts prepared with 0-0.2N NaOH solution while the extracts prepared with over 0.3N NaOH resulted a initial small decrease followed by a rapid increase to the maximum point. The changes in color expressed as Hunter 'L', 'a' and 'b' values showed that the L value increased rapidly until 3 hours of treatment followed by a decrease, and 'a' and 'b' values were increased a little. The intensities of odor and taste were markedly increased by 2-3 fold for all of the descriptions investigated where clam-like odor and taste and sea complex odor were particularly significant.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.856-865
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• 2012

Maintenance systems are demanded to manage malodor-information and deal effectively with the odor-related civil complaints by constructing the database for sources of malodor compounds in real time. In this paper, to carry out these tasks, a real-time monitering system for malodor based on ubiquitous sensor networks(USN) is presented. The constructed monitering system stores the malodor data collected periodically from industrial complex into the database and shows in real time the circumstances of the odor sources being emitted around the industrial complex by indicating on the map where it is taking place. Besides, by clicking an icon indicating the sensor node on the map, we can figure out what firms are located near the malodor source and possible material related with those firms. The proposed system is considered to enhance the efficiency of management of malodor-emitting firms based on the malodor-related information.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the emission concentrations of 31 odorous compounds from various emission sources of 37 individual companies located within the Ban Wal industrial complex of Ansan city, Korea. In the course of our study, we attempted to evaluate emission characteristics of different industrial activities and relative significance of different odorous components . Based on our measurements of odorous compounds, we were able to find a line of evidence to draw a conclusion that a number of odorous compounds can be used as indices to specifically point out the influence of certain industrial activities. It was found that hydrogen sulfide and trimethyl amine record the highest contribution from leather industry. Likewise, acetaldehyde showed its maximum contribution from food-beverage sector, while ammonia for paper-mill, pulp production sector. On the other hand, the results of styrene and most YOC including BTEX were not useful, as their concentrations were not significantly high enough to judge from such respect.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2011

It was found that the absorbent mixed with 2-aminoethanol and others has been applied to remove them via chemical neutralization. The absorbent of natural second metabolites was achieved by a removal efficiency of 20~30% by itself depending on treatment conditions, but the complex absorbent mixed with 0.2% amine chemical provides the removal efficiency of over 98%. Optimal removal efficiencies have been examined against two major parameters of the temperature and pH to remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases. The chemical analysis was also performed to analyze the composition of an essential oil by GC-MS. The monoterpenes in an essential oil reacted with odorous compounds by neutralization and their reaction mechanism was partially elucidated.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2001

An odontoma is a slow growing and nonaggressive odontogenic tumor composed of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp tissue. The etiology of odontomas is unknown, although local trauma, infection, and genetic factors have been suggested. Odontomas are classified as compound odontoma or complex. A 20-year retrospective study was performed on 36 odontomas from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology at Chosun University School of Dentistry. Fifty-six percent of the patients were compound odontoma and 44% were complex odontoma. 56 percent of the patients were female and 44% were male. The odontoma is most often diagnosed in the second decade of life, during routine radiographic examination. The usual presenting symptoms are an impacted or and unerupted tooth, a retained primary tooth. Other less frequent signs and symptoms are pain, swelling, suppuration, foul odor, tooth mobility. In our patients were treated by enucleation of the tumor, and related teeth were treated by surgical extraction or orthodontically assisted eruption.