• 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1999

This study is concerned with articulatory and acoustic experiments about the change of the stop /t/ into its counterpart affricate before derivational and inflectional suffixes beginning with /(h)i/. The present phonetic results show that the stop consonant is articulatorily and acoustically completely neutralized into the underlying plain affricate. Thus this study provides another instance of complete neutralization of manner of articulation in Korean in addition to Kim and Jongman (1996).

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.136-141
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• 1996

This paper is an acoustic study of neutralization of short tones in Taiwanese. The results show that the two short tones were completely neutralized in juncture position. Since long tones in Taiwanese show complete neutralization in context position, the bidirectionality of tone alternation in Taiwanese Tone Sandhi poses a problem far rule-based approaches, while it is consistent with the hypothesis that both juncture and context tones are listed in the lexicon, instead of one being derived from the other. Moreover, in order to account for the difference between Taiwanese Tone Sandhi and Mandarin Tone Sandhi (which has been proven acoustically to be incomplete neutralization), the Naturalness Hypothesis is proposed, which claims that if the neutralization is phonetically unnatural, then the neutralization is more likely to be lexicalized and show complete neutralization.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2013

Procrastination is an irrational choice to delay high-priority work in order to avoid its unpleasantness, despite the fact that the negativity will not cease if the work still remains undone. We hypothesized that (1) people underestimate the future negativity (i.e., delay neutralization) and (2) in order to complete work in a timely manner, one should project oneself into the future so as to recognize that the negativity associated with an activity does not diminish over time. Especially, negative future thinking that is unrelated to the consequence was hypothesized to reduce delay neutralization of negativity. In the present study, undergraduate students made a series of choices between delayed-but-longer and immediate-but-shorter assignment by employing an inter-temporal choice paradigm. We tracked how positive and negative episodic future thinking influenced the degree to which negativity is neutralized over time (Experiment 1). Following this, we confined the experimental condition to negative thinking about the future (Experiment 2). Participants neutralized negativity involved in assignment as a function of time, suggesting that procrastination arises from the delay neutralization of the negativity. Critically, such neutralization was significantly reduced when participants imagined a negative future event, but this did not occur when they imagined a positive future event (Experiment 1), or when participants did not think about the future (Experiment 1, 2). Our findings suggest that, prior to making a decision between work and indulgence, imagining negative future events can be an effective way to reduce the neutralization of delayed negativity and, in turn, procrastination.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.569-574
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• 1997

게껍질의 김치 보존성 증대 효과에 대한 원인을 보다 구체적으로 검토함과 동시에 첨가시 문제점으로 대두된 비린맛을 줄여 볼 목적으로 CSP(crab shell powder)의 입도를 100 mesh이상으로 하여 가스상 50ppm의 오존으로 1시간 동안 처리하여 비린내를 제거시킨 것에 대하여 중화율을 측정하는 동시에 김치에 첨가하였을 때 관능적 품질과 pH와 산도 변화에 미 치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 CSP를 김치에 2% 정도 첨가함으로서 산미에 의한 평가로서는 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 33일 이상의 보존이 가능하였고, pH에 의한 평가로서는 40일 이상의 보존이 가능하였다. CSP는 김치의 숙성 중 강한 중화 작용을 하였으며 발효 25일 이후에는 완충효과를 나타내었다. CSP의 중화작용을 실험한 결과 CSP 3%는 젖산 2%용액을 완전히 중화시킬 수 있었으며 일시에 중화시키지 않고 서서히 녹아 나와 중화작용을 하였다. CSP 2% 첨가시의 완충작용으로 흡수할 수 있는 젖산량은 0.07~0.3%이였다. 그러나 CSP의 첨가량을 2% 정도로 할 경우 종합적인 맛의 평가치가 다소 떨어져 맛에 대한 보완연구가 요망되었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is development of technique to use cementitious powder as recycle cement produced from deteriorated Concrete waste which has a large quantity of calcium carbonate. Therefore, after having theoretical consideration based on the properties of high-heated concrete and concerning about neutralization of Concrete, we analysis chemical properties of ingredients of cementitious powder. After making origin cement paste, then processing the accelarated carbonation, we consider the properties of hydration and chemical properties of cementitious powder under various temperature conditions. As a result of the thermal analysis, the $CaCO_3$ content of cementitious powder would affect decision of heat temperature to recover its hydrated ability because $CaCO_3$ content is increased when neutralization is progressed. And as a result of XRD analysis, in case of origin powder of non-neutralized paste, CaO peak is found at $700^{\circ}C$. but, heat temperature to generate CaO would increase when the content of neutralized ingredients is increased. Finally, recycle cement heated at $700^{\circ}C$ 120min. shows the best compressive strength when the content of neutralized ingredients in recycle cement is less then 50%.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

In Korean, 'Aspiration Merger' is the result of the heteromorphemic sequence of lenis stop and /h/ becoming a single aspirated stop word-medially. However, the contrast between lenis stop-plus-/h/ and an underlying aspirated stop is maintained when they span Phonological Phrase boundaries. By varying the position in the prosodic domain such as APP (Across Phonological Phrase) and PPM (Phonological Phrase Medial) positions, the phonetic properties of the two categories are compared. In the results from noise duration and change of intensity, lenis stop-plus-/h/ show a large difference between the APP and PPM positions. The results from a noise duration comparison show that the two categories are completely neutralized into aspirated stop in the PPM position and the complete neutralization is sensitive to prosodic phrasing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1980

Heparin would have been used for preventing clotting of blood during extracorporeal circulation and subsequent use of protamine sulfate and made possible the neutralization of heparin. This procedure has been adopted for eliminating one of the great causes of bleeding, especially in cardiac surgery. In this experiment, the hypocoagulability of blood induced by heparin followed by neutralization with treatment of protamine sulfate were estimated by the Lee-White clotting time [CT], partial thromboplastin time [PTT] and protamine titration test. The results were as follows: 1] Comparison of clotting time between the heparinized [2.0 mg/kg] and non-heparinized dogs was done using CT and PT`I` of the blood. In heparinized group [Group I], the CT lasted infinitively and prolongation of PTT [4 times than normal] until 60 minutes. The CT [2 times] and PTT [3 times] has been shortened after 90 minutes, however they returned to normal limit level within 180 minutes. 2] The determination of appropriate ratio of heparin and protamine In vivo were performed. The group II [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 1.0 mg/kg] revealed rapid decrease of CT and PTT, but returned to normal after 120 minutes. The group III [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 2.0 mg/kg] returned rapidly to normal within 15 minutes. The group IV [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 3.0 mg/kg] recovered its normal level after 60 minutes. The group V [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 4.0 mg/kg] recovered its normal level after 90 minutes. 3] In the combined experimental study In vivo and vitro, the protamine titration test was done using the dog which were given 2.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg of heparin, respectively and coagulation time were checked after 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The complete neutralization was showed to be heparin-protamine ratio of 1:1 to 1.5. 4] In vitro study, fresh blood was drawn into known amount of heparin content [20, 40, 60 and 100/ug per 1 ml of blood] syringe, thereafter protamine titration test was done. In all cases, the complete neutralization was found in heparin-protamine ratio of 1:0.85 to 1.5. 5] It was found by the present experiment that the ideal heparin-protamine ratio was 1:1 within 60 minutes and 1:0.5 after 60 minutes for avoiding the serious side effect due to overadministration of protamine sulfate.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 1998

The charge densities of humic acid and humic extract have been determined by back titration using spectrophotometry as the method of end point detection and several cationic polymers of different charge density(copolymers of acylamide and dimethylaminoethylacrylate and polydiallyidimethylammonium chloride, PDDA), and a cationic indicator o-toluidine blue(o-Tb). The charge densities of humic acid and humic extract obtained depend on the charge densities of cationic polymers used. When the polymers of lower charge density are used, lower apparent charge density values are obtained, but for polymers of high charge density(above 2.5 meq/g), the measured values are almost identical, but also are nearly the same as that obtained for PDDA which has a high charge density(about 6 meq/g). For polymers of lower charge density, it is considered that the optimum dosage does not correspond to 1 :1 charge neutralization between anionic and cationic groups. Polymers of high charge density should be used in order to achieve a complete charge neutralization. As humic acid and humic extract are dissociable acids, their ionization is heavily pH dependent and so higher charge density values are obtaines with increasing pH.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.5
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• 2024

In this study, almost complete genomic sequences of porcine parvovirus (PPV)1 and PPV4 circulating in commercial pig farms in South Korea were obtained and analyzed. Important mutations that may be precursors to host changes, such as premature stop codons of PPV1 and frameshift mutations of PPV4, were observed in these sequences. A 27a-like strain of PPV1, known to show a lack of cross- neutralization against existing commercial vaccine strains, was identified by phylogenetic analysis. Given the active genetic evolution, the additional precursors to host changes and emerging new genotypes of PPVs need to be monitored through continuous sampling and genetic analysis.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

일반적으로, 화학 물리적 변성이 수반되는 멸균방법을 적용하지 못하는 경우 필터여과에 의한 멸균 방법을 주로 사용한다. 하지만 바이러스의 경우 100 nm의 작은 크기로 인해 박테리아 제거에 사용되는 필터여과에 의한 멸균 방법을 적용하기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 화학 물리적 변성 없이 바이러스를 비활성화하는 물질 개발을 위하여, 카테콜기가 도입된 헤파린 고분자(Hep-C)를 합성하였다. Hep-C의 바이러스 비활성화 효과를 알아보기 위해서 표면이 노르에피네프린으로 코팅된 조직배양접시에 아데노연관바이러스(Adeno-associated virus; AAV)를 고정화하였으며, 그 위에 다시 Hep-C를 코팅하여 녹색형광단백질(GFP) 유전자를 전달할 수 있는 AAV의 비활성화 정도를 유세포분석기(FACS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 AAV에 Hep-C를 도포하면 99%에 달하는 비활성화 효과를 보였으며, 헤파린 고분자를 도포한 결과에 비해 강한 염 저항성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 제조된 Hep-C는 AAV 바이러스 제거의 효과적 방법으로 충분한 가능성을 가짐을 증명하였다.