• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

Purpose: In accordance to an increased interest in facial appearance and the popularization of computed tomography scanning, the number of diagnosis and treatment of blowout fractures has been increased. The purpose of this article is to review pure blowout fracture surgery through transconjunctival incision focusing on complications and their management. Methods: In this retrospective study, 583 patients, who had been treated for pure blowout fracture through transconjunctival incision from 2000 to 2009, were evaluated. Their hospital records were reviewed according to their sex, age, fracture site, preoperative presentations, time interval between trauma and surgery, and postoperative complications. Results: According to postoperative follow-up results, there were early complications that included wound dehiscence and infection (0.2%), hematoma (insomuch as extraocular movement is limited) (0.7%), lacriminal duct injury (0.5%), and periorbital nerve injury (0.7%). In addition, there were late complications that lasted more than 6 months, that included persistent diplopia (1.7%), extraocular movement limitation (0.9%), enophthalmos (1.0%), periorbital sensation abnormalities (1.0%), and entropion (0.5%). Conclusion: We propose the following guidelines for prevention of postoperative complications: layer by layer closure; bleeding control with the epinephrine gauzes, Tachocomb, and Tisseel; conjunctival incision 2 to 3 mm away from punctum; avoidance of excessive traction; performing surgical decompression and high dose corticosteroid therapy upon confirmation of nerve injury; atraumatic dissection and insertion of Medpor Barrier implant after securing a clear view of posterior ledge; using Medpor block stacking technique and BioSorb FX screw fixation; performing a complete resection of the anterior ethmoidal nerve during medial wall dissection; and making an incision 2 to 3 mm below the tarsal plate.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.13.1-13.8
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• 2017

Background: Oronasal/antral communication, loss of teeth and/or tooth-supporting bone, and facial contour deformity may occur as a consequence of maxillectomy for cancer. As a result, speaking, chewing, swallowing, and appearance are variably affected. The restoration is focused on rebuilding the oronasal wall, using either flaps (local or free) for primary closure, either prosthetic obturator. Postoperative radiotherapy surely postpones every dental procedure aimed to set fixed devices, often makes it difficult and risky, even unfeasible. Regular prosthesis, tooth-bearing obturator, and endosseous implants (in native and/or transplanted bone) are used in order to complete dental rehabilitation. Zygomatic implantology (ZI) is a valid, usually delayed, multi-staged procedure, either after having primarily closed the oronasal/antral communication or after left it untreated or amended with obturator. The present paper is an early report of a relatively new, one-stage approach for rehabilitation of patients after tumour resection, with palatal repair with loco-regional flaps and zygomatic implant insertion: supposed advantages are concentration of surgical procedures, reduced time of rehabilitation, and lowered patient discomfort. Cases presentation: We report three patients who underwent alveolo-maxillary resection for cancer and had the resulting oroantral communication directly closed with loco-regional flaps. Simultaneous zygomatic implant insertion was added, in view of granting the optimal dental rehabilitation. Conclusions: All surgical procedures were successful in terms of oroantral separation and implant survival. One patient had the fixed dental restoration just after 3 months, and the others had to receive postoperative radiotherapy; thus, rehabilitation timing was longer, as expected. We think this approach could improve the outcome in selected patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1315-1320
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• 2007

Epiphyseal development in the long bones was studied radiographically in minipigs. Radiographs of the proximal and distal epiphyses of humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia were obtained at 4, 8, 12, 20, 40, 48, 96 and 144 weeks of age in total 58 minipigs. The assessment of maturity process was made in accordance with the criteria proposed by Owada and Sutow. The secondary ossification centers developed rapidly from 4 weeks of age to 40 weeks of age, and gradually thereafter until 96 weeks of age. The earliest epiphyseal fusion was apparent in the proximal radius, proximal and distal femur at 96 weeks of age. The complete fusion of the epiphyseal line in the long bones was evident on 144 weeks of age and was observed in most long bones such as the proximal humerus, the proximal and distal ulna and the distal radius, and the proximal tibia in minipigs.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.153-170
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• 2012

When companies or institutes manage data, in order to utilize it as useful resources for decision-making, it is essential to offer precise and reliable data. While most small and medium-sized enterprises and public institutes have been investing a great amount of money in management and maintenance of their data systems, the investment in data management has been inadequate. When public institutions establish their data systems, inspection has been constantly carried out on the data systems in order to improve safety and effectiveness. However, their capabilities in improving the quality of data have been insufficient. This study develops an automatic tool to diagnose the quality of data in a way to diagnose the data quality condition of the inspected institute quantitatively at the stage of design and closure by inspecting the data system and proves its practicality by applying the automatic tool to inspection. As a means to diagnose the quality, this study categorizes, in the aspect of quality characteristics, the items that may be improved through diagnosis at the stage of design, the early stage of establishing the data system and the measurement items by the quality index regarding measurable data values at the stage of establishment and operation. The study presents a way of quantitative measurement regarding the data structures and data values by concretizing the measurement items by quality index in a function of the automatic tool program. Also, the practicality of the tool is proved by applying the tool in the inspection field. As a result, the areas which the institute should improve are reported objectively through a complete enumeration survey on the diagnosed items and the indicators for quality improvement are presented quantitatively by presenting the quality condition quantitatively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.585-589
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• 2011

Purpose: Microcirculation of diabetic patients is commonly comporomised, regardless of the condition of the macrocirculation. Therefore, direct tissue oxygenation measurement is recommended in determining tissue viability and predicting wound healing potential. This study was designed to determine cut-off value of the tissue oxygenation in predicting wound healing in diabetic foot patients. Methods: This study included 41 feet of 41 diabetic foot patients who were treated in the Diabetic Wound Center of author's institution between January and June, 2009. Main inclusion criteria were type 1 or 2 diabetes and a foot ulcer (duration > 3 weeks) and ulcer area (from 1 $cm^2$ to 4 $cm^2$). Measurements of the area of diabetic foot ulcer were carried out before treatment. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure ($TcpO_2$) was measured at adjacent site of ulcer. The healing wound was defined as complete wound closure within 12 weeks. Results: Average diabetic foot ulcer areas with healing and nonhealing wounds were $2.67{\pm}0.76$ and $2.59{\pm}0.75\;cm^2$, respectively. There was no significant difference in the wound area between the groups. Average foot $TcpO_2$ in healing and nonhealing wounds were $68.56{\pm}23.07$ and $30.98{\pm}16.66$ mmHg, respectively ($p$ <0.01). The rate of healing wound increased as $TcpO_2$ increased. In particular, $TcpO_2$ lower than 40 mmHg and higher than 40 mmHg showed the most significant difference (wound healing rates of 25% and 71%, respectively). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the minimal $TcpO_2$ value thought to be required for adequate wound healing in diabetic wounds (cut-off value) is 40 mmHg.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.635-642
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• 1985

Double outlet left ventricle [DOLV] is a rare cardiac anomaly in which both great arteries arise entirely, or predominantly above the morphologically left ventricle. About 100 cases of DOLV have been reported in the literatures by 1984. We have experienced eight cases of DOLV at Seoul National University Hospital during the period from October 1981 to July 1905. Ages of the patients were ranged from 12 months to 24 years old, and chief complaints on admission were frequent URI and DOE in 5 cases and cyanosis in other 3 cases. In all eight patients, Cardiac catheterization and cineangiography were performed but pre-operative diagnoses were incorrect except one case [VSD in 2 cases, DORV in 2cases, c-TGA in 2 cases and TOF in one case] We have performed total corrective surgery in seven patients. In case I, patch closure of VSD aligning aorta and pulmonary artery with LV, ligation of proximal pulmonary artery and the use of external valved conduit from RV to PA have been employed. In other 6 cases, intraventricular repair using boomerang shaped Dacron patch with correction of associated anomalies were employed. In remaining one patient who had coexistent PDA and coarctation of aorta, we have performed coarctoplasty and PDA ligation initially and the patient is waiting for subsequent total corrective procedure. In seven patients whom we have performed total corrective surgery, there is one hospital mortality due to right heart failure and one complication of complete heart block necessitating permanent pacemaker implantation. All survivors are doing well in follow up period of 9 months to 4 years. To our knowledge, this is the first report of surgical experiences for DOLV in the Korean literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1969

This is a report on a total of 11 cases of esophageal perforation in the department of thoracic surgery, Chonnam University Hospital during the period of 8 years from 1962 to 1969. They occurred by the following agents, that is,lye solution[7 cases], fish bone[2 cases]. compress air [one case], strong acid [one case]. The perforated portions of esophagus were cervical esophagus in 2 cases, upper third of esophagus in 5 cases, middle third of esophagus in 3 cases and lower third of esophagus [abdominal esophagus] in one case. 4 cases out of cases of esophageal perforation after ingestion of Lye solution were due to Bougination to improve esophageal stenosis: 2 cases occurred 2 months after ingestion of Lye solution and the remaining 2 cases, 2 to 3 weeks after Lye solution ingestion. Therefore, It is realized that Bougination for esephageal stricture by Lye solution is particularly dangerous. The complication after esophageal perforation were mediastinitis,[10 cases], right pyothorax with mediastinitis [8 cases], peritonitis [4 cases], esophago-bronchial fistula[one case]. Owing to the various complications above mentioned, surgical approach to esophageal perforation is accordingly complicated and a combination of more than two of the following different procedures were properly used case by case, that is. gastrostomy or jejunostomy for feeding and esophageal rest,thoracotomy and chest drainage, lung decortication for pyothorax, primary closure of compress air perforation and esophago-bronchial fistula, mediastinostomy, retrosternal esophagoplasty using right colon to Lye stricture etc. 5 cases[45. 5%] of 11 cases were expired and the rest of 6 cases[54.5%]were survived with complete accomplishment of surgical procedures and satisfactory healing in 4 cases and interruption of follow up in 2 cases because of poor economical condition of the patients.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Purpose: Grafting with autograft skin remains the most effective method for treating skin defects. When insufficient donor sites are present or patients are afraid of the operation, a skin graft is impossible. Cultured allogenic keratinocytes speed wound healing by providing cover and by producing growth factors and extracellular matrix protein. We report an application of cultured allogenic keratinocytes ($Kaloderm^{(R)}$, Tegoscience, Seoul, Korea) in the treatment of an acute partial thickness skin defect. Methods: From March 2005 to January 2006, 20 patients with a partial thickness skin defect were treated with cultured allogenic keratinocytes. The wound was covered with a sheet of cultured allogenic keratinocytes and ointment with $Bactigras^{(R)}$ gauze. The wound was inspected every two or three days. We regarded completion of epithelialization as wound healing. Results: The mean period between time of injury and time of $Kaloderm^{(R)}$ application was 7.5 days. The time taken from application of $Kaloderm^{(R)}$ to complete closure of the wounds was 7.2 days. Conclusion: In view of the favorable outcome, cultured allogenic keratinocytes are safe and effective biologic dressing materials for use in the treatment of open wounds.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2020

The response of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on canola yield with reference to most suitable number of bee hive need per unit area of crops in order to meet optimum pollination needs and better economic yields by comparing number of hives and yield components an experiment was conducted at Beekeeping and Hill Fruit Pests Research, Station Rawalpindi during 2017-18 in complete randomized block design with two sets of four treatments for comparison: 1 hive acre^-1, 2 hives acre^-1, 3 hives acre^-1 and 0 hive acre^-1. The hives were kept inside the experimental area. Parameters were assessed: pollination density, pollinator's diversity, agronomic and economic yield. In case of pollination density, the cumulative mean abundance bee species revealed that at 1200 hours, Apis mellifera was the most abundant and frequent visitor with a mean population of 8.69 bees/plant followed by A. dorsata (0.72), Syrphid fly (0.2) and other pollinators. Minimum bee population was observed during 1400 hours, mainly due to the closure of flowers and partially due to high temperature (>35℃). Pollinator diversity revealed that A. mellifera was the most dominant pollinator of Brassica crop with highest abundance (71%). A. dosata ranked 2^nd (16%) followed by A. florea (6%) respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2019

The replacement of damaged components is an important task for long-span bridges. Conventional strategy for component replacement is to close the bridge to traffic, so that the influence of the surrounding environment is reduced to a minimum extent. However, complete traffic interruption would bring substantial economic losses and negative social influence nowadays. This paper investigates traffic control technologies without interruption for component replacement of long-span bridges. A numerical procedure of traffic control technologies is proposed incorporating traffic microsimulation and site-specific data, which is then implemented through a case study of cable replacement of a long-span cable-stayed bridge. Results indicate traffic load effects on the bridge are lower than the design values under current low daily traffic volume, and therefore cable replacement could be conducted without traffic control. However, considering a possible medium or high level of daily traffic volume, traffic load effects of girder bending moment and cable force nearest to the replaced cable become larger than the design level. This indicates a potential risk of failure, and traffic control should be implemented. Parametric studies show that speed control does not decrease but increase the load effects, and flow control using lane closure is not effectual. However, weight control and gap control are very effective to mitigate traffic load effects, and it is recommended to employ a weight control with gross vehicle weight no more than 65 t or/and a gap control with minimum vehicle gap no less than 40 m for the cable replacement of the case bridge.