• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.541-552
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• 2016

본 논문은 분산 이동 실시간 시스템의 분석과 명세에서 프로세스와 시스템의 복잡도를 획기적으로 감소하기 위한 방법으로 새로운 이음 선택(Conjunctive Choice) 및 여 선택(Complement Choice) 연산을 제안한다. 여 선택 연산은 두 프로세스의 선택(Choice) 연산이 연동하여 동일한 선택을 도출함을 표현한다. 이음 선택 연산은 프로세스 내의 일련의 선택 연산들 간의 의존성을 표현한다. 이음 선택 연산은 프로세스 복잡도를 선택 연산의 의존성의 수 만큼 기하급수적으로 감소시킨다. 마찬가지로 여 선택 연산은 시스템 복잡도를 선택 연산의 의존성의 수 만큼 기하급수적으로 감소시킨다. 그리하여 복잡도가 획기적으로 감소하게 되어 시스템의 명세와 분석이 용이하게 된다. 이 선택 연산은 ${\delta}$-Calculus 프로세스 대수에서 구현하였다. 또한 예제를 ADOxx 플랫폼에서 개발한 SAVE 도구를 사용하여 보여줌으로써 효과와 효율성을 제시한다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2020

본 연구는 우리나라에서 수행된 관광교통 관련 연구를 조사하고 이를 토대로 보완 연구 과제를 발굴하는 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구대상은 학술논문 28건과 연구기관의 정책연구 12건 등 40건이다. 연구 진행은 관광교통의 특성과 선행연구 사례를 토대로 관광교통의 연구 분야를 관광교통 수단, 관광교통 정보, 관광교통 지원정책 등 3개로 나누어 분석하였다. 특히 관광교통 수단은 관광교통에서 차지하는 중요성과 연구사례의 비중을 반영하여 4개 세부 분야로 구분하였다. 연구 결과, 관광교통에 관한 연구사례가 많지 않으며 연구 분야도 관광교통 수단에 편중된 것으로 나타났다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 연구는 관광수요의 변화와 관광 트렌드를 반영하여 3개 분야에 걸쳐 10개의 새로운 보완연구 과제를 제안하였다. 아울러 교통시설 공급과 관광수요의 연관성을 모색하는 것을 새로운 연구 분야로 제안하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.517-530
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 학생들의 과학관련 진로 선택과 관련된 주요 요인들 사이의 인과 관계를 규명하여, 학생들의 과학진로 선택과정을 잘 설명할 수 있는 모형을 찾는 것이다. 요인 분석을 통하여 과학관련 진로 선택과 관련된 주요요인으로 과학 관련 진로에 대한 인식, 과학 학습에 대한 선호, 과학 관련 활동에의 참여 등 세 요인을 선정하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 통한 공변량 구조분석이 가능하도록 과학관련 진로 선택 요인을 알기 위한 설문지를 문헌연구와 예비검사를 통해 개발하였다. 연구대상은 서울 지역의 초등학교 6학년, 중학교 3학년, 고등학교 2학년 등 전체 947명으로, 학년별 남녀별 학생 수는 거의 같게 구성하였다. 과학관련 진로 선택의 주요 요인들 사이의 인과 구조를 설명하기 위하여 구조 방정식 모형을 통한 공변량 구조 분석의 결과, 이론 모형을 수정하여 자료와 잘 맞는 4가지 모형을 얻었다. 네 수정모형 모두에서, 과학 관련 진로 선택에 직접 영향을 미치는 것은 과학 관련 진로에 대한 인식이었고, 과학학습에 대한 선호와 과학 관련 활동 참여는 간접적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 적합도 지수가 가장 좋은 모형에 의하면, 과학 관련 진로 선택에 대하여, 과학 관련 진로에 대한 인식은 0.82의 직접 효과와 0.21의 간접 효과를 합한 1.03의 전체효과를 주고, 과학학습에 대한 선호는 과학 관련 활동 참여에 영향을 주면서 0.65의 간접 효과를 주고, 과학 관련 활동 참여는 과학 관련 진로 인식에 영향을 주면서 0.79의 간접 효과를 주었다. 학교의 과학 교육에 대한 시사점으로는 더 많은 학생들이 과학 관련 진로를 선택하게 하려면, 과학관련 진로인식을 높이도록 하는 것이 가장 큰 효과를 줄 수 있으며, 다음으로는 다양한 관학관련 활동에 참여하도록 하는 것과 과학학습에 대한 선호를 높이도록 하는 것이 효과적이라 할 수 있다. 과학관련 진로선택 과정을 더 잘 설명하기 위해서는, 과학관련 진로 선택 요인들을 더욱 포괄하는 모형의 구축이 필요하여, 연구대상을 과학고 학생들이나, 과학기술계 대학생들로 하여 구조방정식 모형을 검증하고 보완할 필요가 있다. 과학관련 진로 선택에 영향을 주는 요인들을 고려한 과학진로교육 프로그램을 개발하여 투입하고 그 효과를 검증하는 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.336-339
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• 2001

Transmission line data are very important for studying loadflow. Short circuit data(positive sequence, zero sequence) of 345kV and 154kV line were calulated and compared with KEPCO's line characteristics data. This Paper presents method of verification and complement of line data in PSS/E loadflow data using TMLC (Transmission Line Characteritics) program.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to establish the relationships among brand equity, brand attitudes, and Visual Merchandising (VMD) in bakery stores. The results will help bakery franchisees and franchisers in devising appropriate strategies for successfully managing their bakery shops. Research design, data, and methodology - The VMD model for bakery shops comprises harmony, attractiveness, suitability, pandemic, functionality, and reliability. Further, brand equity encompasses brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand image. In this study, the VMD factors of bakery shops are used as independent variables, while brand equity and brand attitude are used as dependent variables. This study aims to ascertain the extent of the influence VMD components of bakery shops have on brand equity and brand attitude. Regression analysis was used to verify those effects. The measurement items, deemed reliable and valid in a previous study, were modified for this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 500 consumers nationwide, of whom 340 were used for the sample. The SPSS 19.0 statistical program was used for the analysis. Results - First, among the VMD bakery shop components, harmony, attractiveness, and pandemic have a positive impact on brand equity (brand awareness and brand image). Second, amongst the VMD components of bakery shops, attractiveness, pandemic, and reliability have a positive impact on brand equity (perceived quality). Third, amongst the VMD components of bakery shops, harmony, attractiveness, and reliability have a positive impact on brand attitude. Fourth, brand equity (brand awareness, brand image, and perceived quality) have a positive effect on brand attitude. Conclusions - This study identifies the relationships between the VMD components of a bakery shop and brand equity and attitude in order to propose a new model. The study has several practical implications. First, the development of brand equity and management can be important components in bakery shops' determination of whether their VMD components have an impact on brand equity. Second, among VMD components, harmony and attractiveness have a positive influence on the choice of bakery shop, while reliability and pandemic have a partly positive influence on the choice of bakery shop. Therefore, store atmospheres should be attractively designed, and store menus and interiors should be reviewed periodically to conform to the latest trends. This study suggests marketing strategies for brand equity formation. First, providing collateral product quality, hygiene, and safety benefits as well as product offerings to complement the season and employees' services should be considered. Second, display methods, illumination designs, and new product ideas should be periodically reviewed. Third, these should complement the overall harmony of the interior and exterior and of the store atmosphere in order to be attractive. Funds should thus be dedicated specifically for the facilities and their interiors. Fourth, it is necessary to build a friendly and relaxed image that can be easily called to mind by the customers.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1996

As the medical markets have gradually changed from suppliers' markets to consumers' ones, the demands for consumer-centered strategies of hospital management and marketing, improved medical services, etc., have been increasing. Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at evaluating the marketing policies of our hospitals centering around the internal, cxternal and mutual marketing for consumers, and thereby presenting more influential strategies for hospitals. For this purpose, the employees and patients of a third stage general hospital in Seoul were surveyed by means of a questionnaire. All in all, 285 patients and 284 employees answered the questionnaire. The results of the survey can be summarized as follows : First, patients come to a hospital directly, according to rumors or being introduced by its employee. Second, the important factors determining patients' choice of a hospital are facility, medical staff, traffic and employee. Other factors are patient's age, living area, distance between patient's house and hospital, etc. Third, patients' perception of a hospital affects their choice of the hospital. Fourth, employees and patients perceive differently the marketing strategies of the hospital. Fifth, well-planned marketing strategies may change some sources of inconveniences into those of conveniences. Based on the above findings, effective marketing strategies for gonoral hoopitale can be presented as followes. 1. The poblic relations of hospital should be established first with visiting patients and employees. 2. The marketing strategies should be-based on the factors determing patient's preferences for hospital. 3. The marketing strategies should be flcxiblc enough to complement the weak points of the hospital. 4. The marketing strategies should be directed towards the improved medical services as well as mutual actions between consumers and employccs. 5. The marketing strategies should take into consideration employees perception and thus induce their voluntary participation. All in all, the study may be limited in that its results cannot be easily generalizod due to its small size, patients' variublcs rather than qualitative medical services are primarily reviewed, and that it depended on a straight forward questlonnaire survey.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2016

The fullerene solar cells are becoming a feasible choice due to the advanced developments in donor materials and improved fabrication techniques of devices. Recently, sufficient optimization and improvements in the processing techniques like incorporation of solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with additives in solvents has become a major cause of prominent improvements in the performance of organic solar cell-based devices . On the other hand, the challenge of reduced open circuit voltage (V_oc) remains. This study presents an approach for significant performance improvement of overall device based on organic small molecular solar cells (SMSCs) by following a two step technique that comprises thermal annealing (TA) and SVA (abbreviated as SVA+TA). In case of exclusive use of SVA, reduction in V_oc can be eliminated in an effective way. The characteristics of charge carriers can be determined by the measurement of transient photo-voltage (TPV) and transient photo-current (TPC) that determines the scope for improvement in the performance of device by two step annealing. The recovery of reduced V_oc is linked with the necessary change in the dynamics of charge that lead to increased overall performance of device. Moreover, SVA and TA complement each other; therefore, two step annealing technique is an appropriate way to simultaneously improve the parameters such as V_oc, fill factor (FF), short circuit current density (J_sc) and PCE of small molecular solar cells.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(환경)
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• pp.417-425
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• 1994

Although animal studies have been used most often for quantitative risk assessment, it is generally recognized that well-conducted epidemiologic studies would provide the best basis for estimating human risk. However, there are several features related to the design and analysis of epidemiologic studies that frequently limit their usefulness for quantitating risks. The lack of accurate information on exposure in epidemiologic studies is perhaps the most frequently cited limitation of these studies for risk assessment. However. other features of epidemiologic study design, such as statistical power, length of follow-up, confounding, and effect modification, may also limit the inferences that can be drawn from these studies. Furthermore, even when the aforementioned limitations are overcome, substantial uncertainty exists concerning the choice of an appropriate statistical (or biologic) model for extrapolation beyond the range of exposures observed in a particular study. This paper focuses on presenting a review and discussion of the methodologic issues involved in using epidemiologic studies for risk assessment. This review concentrates on the use of retrospective, cohort, mortality studies of occupational groups for assessing cancer risk because this is the most common application of epidemiologic data for quantitative risk assessment (QRA). Epidemiologic data should not be viewed as a panacea for the problems inherent in using animal bioassay data for QRA. Rather, information that can be derived from epidemiologic and toxicologic studies complement one another, and both data sources need to be used to provide the best characterization of human risk.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2014

This study, in order to complement instability of analysis result stemming from the choice between reference point and comparison point which is pointed out as the defect of shift-share analysis, conducted shift-share analysis using Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) trend of Geumgang area, Chungcheongnam-do for the period from 2000 to 2011. As a result of the analysis, (1) industries that had both the positive Regional Share Effect (RSE) and Industrial Mixed Effect (IME) were service industries such as manufacturing industry, electricity gas, transportation industry, art, etc., which are positively influencing the regional industry. (2) industries that had both the negative RSE and IME were other service industries such as wholesale and retail businesses, lodging industry, food industry, real estate business and leasing service, business service industry, public administration, etc., which provide basic livelihood services for the residents. (3) industries that had the positive RSE and negative IME were agriculture, forestry and fishery industry, mining industry, construction industry, and educational service industry. (4) industries that had the negative RSE and positive IME were info-communications industry, financial and insurance businesses, health industry, etc.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2007

현재 유비쿼터스 서비스에 대한 국민들의 인지도는 상당한 수준에 이르렀다. 하지만 정작 이러한 u-서비스는 수요자가 아닌 공급자 위주로 이루어지고 있다. 이를 보완하고자 일반인을 대상으로 하여 u-서비스에 대한 온라인 설문조사를 진행하였다. 설문조사는 교통, 보건/의료, 환경/도시관리, 문화/교육, 행정, 산업 분야의 서비스에 대한 필요도를 묻는 5지선다형의 24문항으로 구성되었다. 총 2,463명이 참여하였고, 이들을 연령, 지역, 학력, 성별로 분류하여 각 집단이 원하는 서비스 분야를 연구하였다. 유비쿼터스 서비스에 대한 전반적인 수요는 남성이 여성보다 높았으며, 연령이 많아질수록 높아지는 경향이 있었다.