• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.267-270
• /
• 2005

Referred pain is not localized to the site of its cause, but referred to an area that may be an adjacent distant from such a site. With respect to this, there is the possibility of misdiagnosis in the treatment of referred pain patient. We experienced a case of a 31-years-old male patient complaining of right shoulder pain, which subsided after a bursa injection. The patient revisited our clinic after 3 weeks complaining not only of right shoulder pain, but also of right upper quadrant pain and fever. He was diagnosed as having a liver abscess by an imaging study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.1143-1154
• /
• 2001

This research aimed to examine consumer's expectancy disconformation related to purchase satisfaction/dissatisfaction and post-purchase behavior in cable TV home shopping. A total of 700 questionnaires were randomly sent to cable TV home shoppers and 172 copies were used in final analysis. Frequency analysis. correlation analysis, analysis of variance, regression analysis, path analysis, and multinominal logit were used. The expectancy discoformation on \"fitting\" and \"how well the clothes suits oneself\" were significantly related to the complaint behavior of return and refund. TV home shoppers tended to express their complaints by requesting the home shopping company or the manufacture company for a compensation rather than express privately such as warning friends, stop buying and boycotting the item. The significant variables that would influence consumers to seek refund rather than exchange were purchase satisfaction, request of compensation to the company, overall expectancy disconformation and expectancy disconformation on decoration and details and suiting oneself.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.388-397
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases. Methods: This study analyzed the data of '2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey' conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Results: When examining the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases according to body region, the rate was highest (6.0%) in the knee region, which was followed by the finger lesion (3.4%), the wrist regions (2.3%) and the elbow region (2.1%). All the regions of elbow, wrist, finger and knee had a high complaining rate of subjective symptoms such as stress, sad or depressed mood, and attempted suicide. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is identified that psychosocial factors such as stress, depression, and attempted suicide have significant influence on the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases. Consequently, in order to prevent and treat musculoskeletal diseases, we need to manage stress and to prevent feeling depression.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.13
• /
• pp.699-733
• /
• 2000

This article analyzes the state-of-play of WTO dispute settlement for first four and a half years. Remarkable points found on this analysis are as follows: First, the Quad consisting of the United States, the European Community (EC), Canada and Japan has participated in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism more frequently than any other WTO member. Second, among developing country members some leading countries such as Korea, Brazil and India have relied actively upon the mechanism to claim and defend their rights and obligations under the WTO rules. Third, bilateral dispute settlements generally have been preferred to multilateral dispute settlements by the panel or Appellate Body. Fourth, observation of the Appellate Body proceedings well shows WTO members' strategy to use every process available to them. Fifth, the provisions of GATT 1994 have been most frequently invoked by the members. GATS and TRIPS Agreement disputes are mainly involved in developed countries, in particular the U.S. and the EC. Sixth, very high winning ratio in the panel and Appellate Body process indicates that complaining parties review the possibility to get favorable rulings even before referring to the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) and prepare for the case very thoroughly. Seventh, roughly speaking, disputes were settled within two or three years. Therefore, seeking bilateral dispute settlement can be more advantageous to a complaining party than referring to a panel or an arbitrator because of low costs and short time period in dispute settlement. Finally, the DSB approved retaliatory actions for winning complaining parties against the defending parties who had rejected implementation of its rulings and recommendations. In conclusion, it can be said that the WTO dispute settlement mechanism has been operated very successfully for the first four and a half years. It is hoped that continued study on state-of-play of WTO dispute settlement mechanism will be contributory to improved national interest of Korea.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2022

Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus(NCSE) refers to continuous epileptic condition with altered mental status and behavioral symptoms, but without convulsive movement at least 10 minutes. In Salzburg criteria, well known as the diagnostic criteria of NCSE, it is diagnosed with clinical symptoms, electroencephalogram (EEG), and effects before and after the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Commonly being used to treat NCSE, AEDs are likely to have adverse effects. In the present case, a 85-year-old female NCSE patient complaining delirium underwent combined Korean medical treatment by acupuncture and herbal medicine for 13 days. The effect of treatment was assessed with delirium scales including Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98(DRS-R-98) and Assessment Test for Delirium & Cognitive Impairment(4AT) per 2 days. After the treatment, both DRS-R-98 and 4AT scores decreased, and orientation and mental status of patient improved. This case report suggests that Korean medical treatment might be an effective option without side for those NCSE patients complaining delirium.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2022

Brady-arrhythmia is defined as an arrhythmia in which the heart rate slows to less than 60 beats per minute. Brady-arrhythmia reduces cardiac output and causes changes in blood flow. As a result, dizziness occurs because not only ischemia occurs in the central nervous system, but also blood flow in major organs decreases. The insertion of an artificial pacemaker is known as almost the only treatment alternative for patients with brady-arrhythmia with symptoms. This study reports a case of 85 year old male diagnosed with brady-arrhythmia complaining presyncope type of dizziness. The patient underwent complex Korean medicine treatments by herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. The daily average value of pulse rate, K-DHI score, NRS score and the patient's subjective expression of symptoms were used as evaluation tools. This study suggested a significant improvement in symptoms through complex Korean medicine treatments without the use of anti-arrhythmic drugs or insertion of an artificial pacemaker in the patient with brady-arrhythmia complaining dizziness.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study reported the improved symptoms of integrative Korean medicine-based treatment in a patient diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) who persistently complained of fatigue and chest tightness. Methods: A 51-year-old female SLE patient persistently complaining of fatigue and chest tightness underwent an 18-day treatment with Kracie Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang, Cheongpajeon-H, Gwanjeol-go, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, cupping therapy, deep tissue meridian hot pack therapy, manual therapy, Interferential Current Therapy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy. The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for each symptom were measured on admission, at one week, two weeks of hospitalization, and upon discharge. Clinical outcomes were assessed using these two figures. Results: After treatment, there was a reduction in the BFI score (7 to 3). The NRS score of chest tightness with hot flashes decreased from 8 to 5, neck pain lessened from 7 to 5, pain in both ankles diminished from 6 to 4, the cold hypersensitivity of both feet fell from 6 to 4, and heartburn decreased from 5 to 2. In order, the biggest clinical improvement was to heartburn, fatigue, and chest tightness with hot flashes. Conclusion: This case study shows that integrative Korean medicine-based treatment can improve symptoms of a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patient persistently complaining of fatigue and chest tightness with hot flashes and suggests that Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang may be an effective option for managing and treating SLE patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.28 no.2 s.50
• /
• pp.433-449
• /
• 1995

The study subjects in this study are 295 workers who work on one electronics industry, and they were composed of 93 VDT and 202 non-VDT workers. This study was carried out to obtain the prevalence of subjective symptoms and to compare psychological symptom scores from SCL-90-R between VDT and non-VDT work groups. And to verify the relationship between VDT work related symptoms and psychological symptoms, the author compared SCL-90-R T scores between symptom complaining and non-complaining groups. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Throughout the prevalence study of VDT work related symptoms according to VDT work state, the author could select the final 10 symptoms by sex;'eye fatigue', 'foggy vision', 'neck discomfort or pain', 'shoulder discomfort and pain', 'light headedness', 'dizziness', 'acne', 'itching sensation on face', 'difficulty in concentration', 'memory disturbance' in males, and 'blurred vision', 'foggy vision', 'neck discomfort or pain', 'shoulder discomfort and pain', 'abdominal distention', 'indigestion', 'acne', 'prickling sensation on face', 'difficulty in concentration', 'memory disturbance' in females. 2. Throughout comparison of psychological symptom scores from SCL-90-R between VDT and non-VDT workers, except 'Interpersonal sensitivity' in female, Mean T score were higher in VDT workers, but not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicate that the relation between VDT work status and psychological symptoms are not strongly correlated. 3. Because of the nonspecific characteristics of VDT work related symptoms, from the 40 subjective symptoms, the author selected the final 10 symptoms by sex, especially correlated to VDT, and divided the study subjects into symptom complaining and non-complaining groups. The mean SCL-90-R T scores between the two groups were compared. Except for the opthalmologic symptoms in females, the scores were significantly different between the two groups in all symptoms. And this indicates that the VDT work related symptoms strongly correlated with the present individual psychological conditions. 4. Due to understand that which of the 9 psychological symptom dimensions are strongly correlated with the subjective symptoms, the author excuted muliple logistic regression analysis, and the result were as follows; 'depression' and 'somatization', in male, and 'obsessive-compulsive' and 'somatization' in female.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.50 no.7
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2000

The objectives of this study were to examine how clothing design preference and clothing attitude vary according to gender of the aging. Using the data collected through interview with 200 subjects who were 60years of age and older residing at Kunsan city area in Korea. These data were analyzed by frequency and $\chi$$^2$-test. The tendency of the gender on jacket stymie preference showed that men liked the soutien collar jacket, two button sing1e Jacket, and four button double jacket, women liked two button single jacket, three button single Jacket and four button double jacket. The general preference did allot depend on the practical purchasing. Men preferred more the soutien collar jacket than the women. On the shirts pattern preference, men liked thick horizon and plaid pattern, while the women liked polk dots pattern and small flowered one. The practical clothing purchase was done by themselves directly. The important criteria depended on the appearance style like simple and smart. For the main complaining factor to purchase the clothes, men considered the color, and women complained not to have suitable shopping stores. The most of all complaining was the expensive prices.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.718-725
• /
• 1996

Histiocytosis X is the abnormal proliferation of histiocytes and usually a massive aggregation of eosinophilic leukocytes. The clinical features and prognosises of subclasses of histiocytosis X depend on the severity and extent of the organ involvement. The subclasses include Letterer-Siwe disease(Acute disseminated histiocytosis X), eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. Letterer-Siwe disease(acute, subacute form) refers to the form of disease that is most often fatal because of the widespread skeletal, extraskeletal lesion ; this usually affects infants and children less than 3 years of age. Eosinophilic granuloma(histiocytosis X, localized) refers to a chronic form of disease with skeletal lesion ; It usually affects children and young adult. Hand-Schuller-Christian disease(chronic form) refers to a chronic form of disease with skeletal, extraskeletal lesions. It usually affects children over the age of 3 years. In our hospital, 8 year old female patient visited complaining of hard swelling of mandibule body, left side and 6 year old female patient visited complaining of painful swelling of mandibular angle, right side. We diagnosed eosinophilic granuloma and curetted the lesiones and refered to Dept. pediatrics for chemotherapy. We present 2 cases to you with literatures.