• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2021

This study examines the impact of bank competition and efficiency in the financial stability of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The study used the Lerner index and the Boone indicator to represent the bank competition, while the non-performing loan (NPL) and Z-score are used to represent financial stability. The secondary data were collected from the annual reports of 28 DSE listed commercial banks of Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2018. Using a dynamic panel GMM model, the study found the Lerner index is significantly negatively related with Z-score, which means that higher bank competition results in higher bank stability. It is also seen that higher cost efficiency results in higher bank stability. The Lerner index has negative, but insignificant impact on NPL. Similarly, using the Boone indicator, this study found that lower competition increases NPL. In terms of the Z-score, the Boone indicator found that 1 unit of increment results in decrease of the Z-score by 6.15 units. The study suggests that, as more competition results in more financial soundness, the banking industry competition should be ensured by policymakers or regulators. Banks could enhance financial stability by cost control to achieve cost efficiency as well as by improving loan-to-asset ratio.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

Species competition among the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum and the diatom Skeletonema costatum was simulated using a mathematical model. Prior to the model simulation competition experiments using the three species were conducted to obtain data for validation by the simulation model. S. costatum dominated at a density of ${\sim}10^{4}\;cells/mL$ compared to the other species in the medium with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). The growth of S. costatum was also stimulated by the addition of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), such as uridine-5-monophosphate (UMP) or glycerophosphate (Glycero-P), although this species is unable to take up DOP. This implies that the growth of S. costatum may be supported by DIP, which is hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase produced from A. tamarense and G. catenatum. The species competition model was run assuming the environmental conditions of northern Hiroshima Bay, Japan, during spring and summer. G. catenatum increased in cell density and neared the level of S. costatum at the end of the calculation. In the sensitivity analyses by means of doubling and halving parameters, depleted DIP had little effect on the cell density of G. catenatum. However the growth of A. tamarense and S. costatum was significantly affected by changes in the parameter values. These results indicate that if DIP depletion is ongoing, species that have a large phosphate pool in their cells, such as G. catenatum, will predominate in the community.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study strategic trade policies under international process research and development (R&D) competition with or without market leaders for free trade and a subsidy regime and compare the effects of R&D subsidies and export subsidies on the equilibrium levels of firm profit and social welfare. Design/methodology - For the analysis, we use previous work by Haaland and Kind (2008) and construct a differentiated goods duopoly model, wherein two firms compete via quantity in a third-country market for free trade and the subsidy regime. We consider simultaneous-move quantity competition when the two firms choose their quantities simultaneously and sequential-move quantity competition when they choose their quantities sequentially. The results are compared to those of Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004), who studied export subsidies. Findings - The following are the findings. First, the results of firm preference orderings regarding firm position from Dowrick (1986) and Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004) may not hold in our model when the firms' strategies are strategic substitutes under free trade. Second, the preference rankings under Cournot competition for free trade and a subsidy regime are the same as those in the strategic trade policy of export subsidy. Third, except for the cases of too close substitutes and complements, the results of firm and government preferences regarding firm position are different from those of Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004) in that Stackelberg leadership in a subsidy regime is advantageous when the goods are substitutes but is disadvantageous when the goods are complements. Moreover, the equilibrium level of firm profit is the highest in the Cournot-Nash play when the goods are substitutes in a subsidy regime. Fourth, except for the cases of too close substitutes and complements, the results of firms' and their respective governments' trade regime preferences are similar to those of Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004) in that a Stackelberg leader firm and government prefer free trade if the goods are substitutes and prefer a subsidy regime if the goods are complements. Furthermore, a Stackelberg follower firm and government strongly prefer a subsidy regime to free trade. Originality/value - By analyzing the effects of R&D subsidies and export subsidies in international markets, we can find similarities and differences between them in international markets.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.83-86
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• 2001

There have been several attempts to describe the recent phonemona of e-tailing and the competition of e-tailers with traditional retailers. However, it appears that the previous models exhibit some shortcomings. With an extension of the well-known circular city model, this paper attempts to relax those limiting assumptions and addresses various issues around electronic commerce: whether e-tailing will eventually drive out traditional retailing, whether e-tailing will necessarily increase competition and lead to lower prices, and whether all the consumers will be better off with more alternatives to choose from.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.371-385
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness of positive solutions to weak competition models with self-cross diffusion rates under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The methods employed are upper-lower solution technique and the variational characterization of eigenvalues.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2012

본 논문은 경쟁이 혁신활동에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 연구개발의 경쟁에서는 각 연구개발자의 노력수준을 높이기 위해 경쟁자의 수를 줄이는 방안이 고려되고 있으며, 이로써 높은 가치의 혁신활동이 이루어질 수 있다. 따라서 연구개발을 장려하기 위해서는 연구개발의 유인을 극대화하기 위해 경쟁으로 인해 노력수준을 제고하는 효과와 경쟁으로 인해 노력수준을 감소시키는 효과를 동시에 감안하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 혁신활동을 장려하는 취지에서 경쟁으로 인해 발생하는 이러한 두 효과를 분석하고자 하였으며, 개별 연구개발자의 노력수준은 경쟁자 수의 증가에 따라 단조적으로 변화하지 않음을 제시하였다.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2015

This research constructs a data set regarding competition policy through a comprehensive review of previous studies, and performs a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the price effects of deregulation. A structural econometric model is used to eliminate possible biases from heterogeneity of the studies,such as in publication types and measurement methods. Four types of regulations that deter competition are characterized and three groups of industries are made for drawing practical implications. We fnd that deregulation to promote competition reduces prices by 0.23% and that these estimated price effects are more stable when we control for the publication types and measurement ways. Easing regulations that restrict consumers' choice is shown to be most effcient in promoting competition, lowering prices by 0.7%. This is followed by eliminating the limitation in the number of frms in the industry, with 0.2% price reduction. Overall, the network and service industries are shown to be more responsive to deregulation than the R&D industry. These results could shed light on policy implementation when a pro-competition policy is called for due to restrictive regulations in the corresponding industries.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2008

Facility-based competition (FBC) in the telecommunications market is considered to have lower static efficiency in the short term and higher dynamic efficiency in the long term. Under service-based competition (SBC), the entrant can reduce its setup costs by leasing network facilities from the incumbent, which makes the entrant viable, pushes the market price down and promotes static efficiency. This paper attempts to measure static efficiency by comparing the profits of the incumbent and entrant in terms of consumer surplus and social welfare under each competition type by extending the Stackelberg model. The results, assuming a linear demand function and variation in regulatory level, show that FBC results in higher social welfare than SBC on the whole. However, SBC accompanied by strong regulation is also shown to have the potential to be superior over FBC. It is also revealed that FBC exhibits a higher producer surplus (particularly, the incumbent's producer surplus) and is, therefore, more desirable in terms of dynamic efficiency. When the entrant's cost is high in FBC, social welfare is shown to be lowered, implying that cost competitiveness is a necessary condition for social welfare.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2001

In this study, we suggest a multi-generation Lotka-Volterra model, which is a competition model using game theory and complex system theory. The suggested model shows many improvements to weakness of a well known Bass model to forecast new technology in competitive markets. We show that the Lotka-Volterra model has strong power to forecast mobile communication services when it is used for competition of 1st generation mobile phone service and 2nd generation phone service in Korea. We finally use the model to forecast IMT-2000 service, the 3rd generation mobile communication service.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.121-123
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• 2016

This paper studies the competitiveness and complementary among the major container ports in East Asia by analyzing their extensive and intensive dynamics in recent 8 years (2008-2015). Time series data on container throughput dividing into O-D and transshipment for the ports of Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, Shanghai, Busan, Ningbo-Zhoushan, and Shenzhen are calculated based on VAR and VECM model.