• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.318-327
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• 2017

It is essential for the near-field receiving measurement to make beam pattern and check the performance of a active phased array antenna system. Also, we could obtain compensation value for mono-pulse function through the near-field receive test, however, if the radar has many frequency channel, the test would take long time and hard effort. So it is needed that frequency channels are selected for measurement and calculates the values for other frequency channels to improve efficiency in development and manufacture. In this case, the phase variations in sum and del channels would be checked. The phase measurement includes un-linear characteristic because of wrapping effect. Generally, radars have similar path length in sum and del channel, but if a radar has a electrical length gap between sum and del channel, errors could occur by phase's wrapping effect. In this paper, the interpolation method's error caused by electrical length gap is checked and the effective method for frequency channel selection to avoid wrapping effect is introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.54-63
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• 2010

The recently-introduced Special Use Permit system is an exceptional approval system for private park developers to develop unexecuted urban park sites into urban parks with the implementation of profit-generating businesses within the boundary of preserving the original function of the park under an agreement with local authorities. This thesis studies the application of this system. This is a feasibility study of cases that have contributed to the acceptance of intended park sites by developing some parts of park sites as public housing, focused on unexecuted urban park areas for the long term in Suwon City based on the Special Use Permit, and creating other sites as park area. First, it has been judged that realization of business is possible at 300 percents of the floor area ratio in case of flatland neighborhood park which has high appraised land values. It is judged that realization of business is possible within a 10 percents size of private land at 200 percents of the floor area ratio in case of woodland and waterside neighborhood parks that have low appraised land values on the outskirts of the city. Second, through working expenses combining compensation and money for park construction, a balance of business profit can be understood within about 50 percents of total expenditures. Because the public contribution ratio by the Special Use Permit can be presumed as about 50 percents of total expenditures, it implies that windfall profits by the Special Use Permit can be adequately collected.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

The heat recovery system that was applied in this study, is the energy-saving type that can produce the maximum cooling capacity less power in use. In order to have a more precise control function the temperature and humidity of the constant temperature and humidity machine, control algorithm is applied to designed a fuzzy PID controller, and the outside air compensation device (air-cooled) demonstrated excellent ability to dehumidify the moisture, $-20^{\circ}C$ in winter. High efficiency and the low-noise type sirocco fan operate quitely and designed to fit the bottom-up and top-down in accordance with the characteristics of equipment. as a result of experiment data, the conversion efficiency is 95% or more, power recovery time is within 5sec, stop delay time is within 30sec, pump down time is 10sec, pump delay time is 5sec, heating delay time is 5sec, temperature deviation is ${\pm}2^{\circ}C$ (cooling deviation: $2^{\circ}C$, Heating deviation : $2^{\circ}C$), humidity deviation is a ${\pm}5%$ (humidification deviation 3.0%, dehumidification deviation 3.0%). Recently, ubiquitous technology is important. so, the constant temperature and humidity machine designed to be able to remotely control to via the mobile phone, and more scalable to support MMI software and automatic interface. Further, the life of the parts and equipment is extended by the failure.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-32
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• 2020

Under the Korean case law, physicians are obliged to disclose or inform the risk associated with a specific treatment to their patients before they perform the treatment. If they fail to do this, they are liable to compensate pain and sufferings. If the patient can establish that he or she would not have consented at all to the treatment had he or she been informed, the physicians are liable to compensate all the loss incurred by the treatment. In this article, the author examines the legitimacy of this case law from the perspective of legal doctrine as well as its practical affect on the medical practice and the furtherance of self-determination of the patient. The fundamental findings are as follows: The case law that has physicians who failed to inform treatment risk compensate pain and sufferings for the infringement of the right of self-determination seems to be a disguised and reduced compensation of all the loss based on the possible malpractice, which cannot be justified in view of the general principles of tort liability. It is necessary to adhere to the requirements of causation and imputation between the failure to inform treatment risk and the specific patient's consent to the treatment. If this causation and imputation is established, all the loss should be compensated. Otherwise, there shall be no liability. The so-called hypothetical consent defence shall be regarded as a part of causation between the failure to inform and the consent. The suggested approach can preserve the essence of physician-patient relationship and fit for the very logic of informed consent better.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5A
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• pp.473-483
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• 2004

In this paper, we numerically investigated the optimum pump light power best compensating for pulse distortion due to both chromatic dispersion and self phase modulation (SPM) as a function of channel input power in 8 channel ${\times}$ 40 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing (WDM systems. Also we investigated the allowable maximum channel input power dependence on modulation format and fiber dispersion coefficient in the various pump light power of OPC. The considered WDM transmission system is based on path-averaged intensity approximation (PAIA) mid-span spectral inversion (MSSI) compensation method, which has highly-nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber (HNL-SDF) as nonlinear medium of optical phase conjugator (OPC) in the mid-way of total transmission line. We confirmed that optimal pump light power of HNL-DSF OPC depend on modulation format, initial channel input power, total transmission length and fiber dispersion. But optimal pump light power of HNL-DSF OPC must be selected to make power conversion ratio to almost unity. And we confirmed that, if we allow a 1 dB eye opening penalty (EOP), the tolerable maximum channel input power is increased by using RZ than NRZ as modulation format when pump light power of HNL-DSF OPC is not optimal value but another values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : Adductor type spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) is neurogenic disorder and focal laryngeal dystonia, while muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is caused by functional voice disorder. Both ADSD and MTD may be associated with excessive supraglottic contraction and compensation, resulting in a strained voice quality with spastic voice breaks. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of spectrogram analysis in the differentiation of ADSD from MTD. Materials and Methods : From 2015 through 2017, 17 patients of ADSD and 20 of MTD, underwent acoustic recording and phonatory function studies, were enrolled. Jitter (frequency perturbation), Shimmer (amplitude perturbation) were obtained using MDVP (Multi-dimensional Voice Program) and GRBAS scale was used for perceptual evaluation. The two speech therapist evaluated a wide band (11,250 Hz) spectrogram by blind test using 4 scales (0-3 point) for four spectral findings, abrupt voice breaks, irregular wide spaced vertical striations, well defined formants and high frequency spectral noise. Results : Jitter, Shimmer and GRBAS were not found different between two groups with no significant correlation (p>0.05). Abrupt voice breaks and irregular wide spaced vertical striations of ADSD were significantly higher than those of MTD with strong correlation (p<0.01). High frequency spectral noise of MTD were higher than those of ADSD with strong correlation (p<0.01). Well defined formants were not found different between two groups. Conclusion : The wide band spectrograms provided visual perceptual information can differentiate ADSD from MTD. Spectrogram analysis is a useful diagnostic tool for differentiating ADSD from MTD where perceptual analysis and clinical evaluation alone are insufficient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1983

Pulmonary function is the determinant of blood gas tension. However, Acid-Base disturbances can also alter partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. During respiratory acidosis $PO_2$ will be lowered and reverse changes will be produced during respiratory alkalosis. On the other hand, in metabolic acidosis $PO_2$ will be elevated and $PCO_2$ will be lowered by the respiratory compensation, and reverse response will be induced in metabolic alkalosis. Urinary gas tension has many influencing factors than arterial blood and difficult to estimate the tendency of its alterations. Urinary $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ are not always identical level as venous blood. It is to be altered by blood gas tension, flow rate of urine, metabolic rate of kidney, and Acid-Base status of blood. Particularly countercurrent exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the renal medulla will make larger alteration of gas tension than venous blood. After induction of Acid-Base disturbances [disturbances] arterial and urinary $PCO_2$, $PO_2$, urinary volume, and osmolarity were determined in dogs, and the relationships between arterial and urinary $PCO_2$ , $PO_2$ Acid-Base disturbances, urinary volume, and osmolarity were investigated. 1. During the acute Metabolic and Respiratory disturbances urinary pH did not respond on respiratory origin. However, there were immediate urinary response in pH on metabolic origin. 2. Urinary $PO_2$, $PCO_2$, did not always follow arterial or venous gas tension and Acid-Base disturbance. Urinary $PCO_2$, correlate well with the urinary volume. The larger the urinary volume, $PCO_2$ lowered to the venous level. The smaller the urinary volume, urinary $PCO_2$ tends to be higher. However urinary $PO_2$ did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. 3. Correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and $PO_2$ were inversely proportional to arterial blood. Differences of $PCO_2$ between arterial blood and urine also did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. This may suggest that changes on blood gas tensions can influence on urinary $PCO_2$. 4. There were eminent clear inverse correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and osmolar concentrations of urine. Above results strongly suggest that partial pressure of gas in urine primarily depend upon counter-current exchanges in renal medullary tissues.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.597-608
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• 2011

It has been often noted as a problem that as there are no objective and clear criteria for the repair cost estimate of persistent defects, when a claim arises in relation to an apartment construction, significantly different amounts of compensation may be given for similar defects based on the experience and tendencies of the construction experts asked to make a judgment. For this reason, this research aims to present defect managers with a more reasonable and objective estimation criteria and a system to determine the repair cost of defects based on an analysis of relevant factors. The research findings show that the historical cost system is applied first, and then a standard of estimation is used to estimate the cost for the items that are not included in the historical cost system. The criteria for the repair cost for each defect is as follows: the repair cost for defects arising from a regulation violation is determined by calculating the reconstruction cost of the parts in question after demolishing them; the repair cost for progressive defects is determined based on a contribution ratio proportional to the age of the building; the repair cost for repetitive defects is calculated by considering an alternative to maximize the intended function of the defective parts; and the repair cost for value depreciation defects is determined based on the ratio of the warranty period to the lapsed years. However, repair cost estimation for dual value depreciation defects should be studied in future research.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2001

We have discussed that the total body irradiation(TBI) dose distribution of 6 and 10 MV photon beams, also differences between calculation dose use of compensator sheet and measurements in humanoid phantom. Total body irradiation and hemi-body irradiation(HBI) can be effectively performed when uniformity of dose distribution is estabilished. The method of TBI and HBI dosimatry requires special considerations related to technique, long distance and very large field, machine parameter, patient positioning. TBI and HBI with megavoltage photon beams requires basic dosimatric data which have to be measured directly or derived from the standard beam data. The semiconductor detector and ion chamber were positioned at a dmax depth, mid depth, and its specific ratio was determined using a scanning data by RFA-7 3-dimensional water phantom and solid phantom. The effective source axis distance 380 cm, the field size from 120 cm to 152 cm, isodose distributions were analyzed as a function of the thickness in phantom. Also, have discussed that the measurement of basic data for clinical photon beams for dosage calculations, data calculation sheet and the use of tissue compensation to improve dose uniformity. We have improved a dose uniformity in the TBI and HBI method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.11A
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• pp.1827-1840
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• 2001

In digital data transmission/storage systems, the compensation for channel distortion is conducted normally using a training sequence that is known a priori to both the sender and receiver. The use of the training sequences results in inefficient utilization of channel bandwidth. Sometimes, it is also impossible to send training sequences such as in the burst-mode communication. As such, a great deal of attention has been given to the approach requiring no training sequences, which has been called the blind equalization technique. On the other hand, to utilize the limited bandwidth effectively, the concept of partial response (PR) signaling has widely been adopted in both the high-speed transmission and high-density recording/playback systems such as digital microwave, digital subscriber loops, hard disk drives, digital VCRs and digital versatile recordable disks and so on. This paper is concerned with blind adaptive equalization of partial response channels whose transfer function zeros are located on the unit circle, thereby causing some problems in performance. Specifically we study how the problems of blind channel equalization associated with the PR channels can be improved. In doing so, we first discuss the existing methods and then propose new structures for blind PR channel equalization. Our structures have been extensively tested by computer simulation and found out to be encouraging in performance. The results seem very promising as well in terms of the implementation complexity compared to the previous approach reported in literature.