• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.68
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• pp.23-42
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• 2015

According to the increasing attention to safety and security in maritime shipping, there are diverse security systems in international logistics activities. Although prior studies on maritime transport and port security reviewed security policy and practices in order to provide useful insights for strategic agenda, a few focused on attitude to respond it. Moreover, there are no prior study on a comparative study between continents. To tackle this, this paper compared confrontation attitude to maritime transport and port security between South Korea and European Union. Results identified that maritime shipping security incorporates container cargo security management, logistics security management, logistics security certificate system, and environmental impacts management caused by maritime shipping. Further, the comparison between two countries suggests that South Korea need to take more positive attitude to respond, such as investment in equipment and technologies for maritime shipping security, construction of comprehensive management system, political supports for logistics security, and training and education for safety and security. The results provide useful insights for strategic review of security systems in South Korea, and to help strategic agenda for future improvement.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study is reviewing the literature to extracting the key parameter and finding the calibration parameter for the clinical study with economical assessment protocol on atopic dermatitis. Methods : Literature search is performed using PUBMED for literature published from Janurary 2000 to December 2016. We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) with economic assessment in which human participants. Results : Among the articles published from January 2000 to December 2016, The 1464 articles were found. After reviewing the title, abstract and full text, the five articles were selected. Selected articles are classified 3 CEA(cost effective analysis)study, 1 CMA(cost minimizing analysis)study and 1 cost analysis study. Conclusions : We found highly reliable key parameters and calibration parameters, which might be necessary factors for developing research protocol of economic evaluation alongside clinical trial about atopic dermatitis patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.647-649
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• 2023

Sentiment analysis as part of natural language processing (NLP) has received much attention following the demand to understand people's opinions. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained subtask from sentiment analysis that aims to classify sentiment at the aspect level. Throughout the years, researchers have formulated ABSA into various tasks for different scenarios. Unlike the early works, the current ABSA utilizes many elements to improve performance and provide more details to produce informative results. These ABSA formulations have provided greater challenges for researchers. However, it is difficult to explore ABSA's works due to the many different formulations, terms, and results. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of recent studies on ABSA. We mention some key elements, problem formulations, and datasets currently utilized by most ABSA communities. Also, we conduct a short review of the latest papers to find the current state-of-the-art model. From our observations, we found that span-level representation is an important feature in solving the ABSA problem, while multi-task learning and generative approach look promising. Finally, we review some open challenges and further directions for ABSA research in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.251-265
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• 2024

Meat derived from skeletal muscles of animals is a highly nutritious type of food, and different meat types differ in nutritional, sensory, and quality properties. This study was conducted to compare the results of previous studies on the muscle fiber characteristics of major porcine skeletal muscles to the end of providing basic data for understanding differences in physicochemical and nutritional properties between different porcine muscle types (or meat cuts). Specifically, the muscle fiber characteristics between 19 major porcine skeletal muscles were compared. The muscle fibers that constitute porcine skeletal muscle can be classified into several types based on their contractile and metabolic characteristics. In addition, the muscle fiber characteristics, including size, composition, and density, of each muscle type were investigated and a technology based on these muscle fiber characteristics for improving meat quality or preventing quality deterioration was briefly discussed. This comparative review revealed that differences in muscle fiber characteristics are primarily responsible for the differences in quality between pork cuts (muscle types) and also suggested that data on muscle fiber characteristics can be used to develop optimal meat storage and packaging technologies for each meat cut (or muscle type).

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.53-73
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• 2020

Many prior studies have been conducted that positive reviews increase the intention to purchase. However, there are very few papers that have studied the impact of review search on purchase satisfaction. It is meaningful to study the impact of review search on purchase satisfaction as it can lead the business successfully by inducing repurchase. There is also no study of how review search have different effects on purchase satisfaction among countries. Given the growing number of cross-border e-commerce, we believe that the need for research is high because identifying these differences between countries can have a very important impact on a company's successful overseas expansion. Therefore, in this study, the impact of positive and negative review search on purchase satisfaction and the national impact were set up as a research model. In order to verify this research model, the survey was distributed to those who experienced online purchase in Korea and China, and a total of 234 copies were collected, including 125 copies in Korea, 109 copies in China, and the research model was verified using Smart-PLS structural equation analysis tools. First, positive review search has been shown to positively affect purchase satisfaction. Second, it has been shown that negative review search also has a positive effect on purchase satisfaction. Third, the impact of positive and negative review search on purchase satisfaction was different between Korea and China. While Korea is more aggressive in review search than China due to its high tendency to avoid uncertainty, China is less likely to avoid uncertainty than Korea and is more likely to rely on brand familiarity. Therefore, according to the uncertainty avoidance moderation effect the impact of positive and negative review search on purchase satisfaction was higher in Korea than in China. In this study, Shopping mall managers need to take strategic measures to maximize shopping mall performance by recognizing positive aspects of negative review search on purchase satisfaction. Companies and managers in Korea and China can establish strategies to promote product sales when companies enter the global market.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.467-492
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• 2008

This paper analyzes the specific product-basis trade structure between Busan and Japan using the recent 2000-2007 trade statistical data. Several specific product-basis trade structure tests such as intra-industry trade index and market comparative advantage index show that there are considerable differences in intra-industry trade structure between Busan and Japan. Furthermore, this paper found that Busan has high quality vertical intra-industry trade and horizontal intra-industry trade as well as low quality vertical intra-industry trade in trading with Japan. While Busan has the market comparative disadvantage in automobile-part products in Japan. This paper also examines the contribution to trade balance of Busan's exports and the movement of Busan's comparative advantage patterns in Japan. The comparative advantage appears to have overall stability and convergence properties using symmetric indices.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.643-666
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• 2009

When it comes to current balance, both of Korea and China enjoy the trade surplus in goods while both countries suffer trade deficit in service. This facts demonstrate that two countries have comparative disadvantages in service industry. In order to identify the international competitiveness of trade in service between Korea and China, several indexes such as TSI, RSCA and IMS was calculated, using the IMF's balance of payments (BOP) statistics as proxy. The results of this analysis are as follows. Korea has a comparative advantage in four sectors (Transportation services, Financial services, Royalties & license fees and Personal cultural recreation), while China has a comparative advantage in five sectors (Travel, Communication services, Insurance services, Computer & information services and Other Business services). Construction services are indeterminate. However, the competitiveness of the two sectors-communication and computer & information-which China has a comparative advantage will be transferred to Korea if some effort to reinforce the competitiveness is added because the gap is being narrowed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2022

In mammalian species, females are born with a number of oocytes exceeding what they release via ovulation. In humans, an average girl is born with over a thousand times more oocytes than she will ovulate in her lifetime. The reason for having such an excessive number of oocytes in a neonatal female ovary is currently unknown. However, it is well established that the oocyte number decreases throughout the entire lifetime until the ovary loses them all. In this review, data published in the past 80 years were used to assess the current knowledge regarding the changing number of oocytes in humans and mice, as well as the reported factors that contribute to the decline of oocyte numbers. Briefly, a collective estimation indicates that an average girl is born with approximately 600,000 oocytes, which is 2,000 times more than the number of oocytes that she will ovulate in her lifetime. The oocyte number begins to decrease immediately after birth and is reduced to half of the initial number by puberty and almost zero by age 50 years. Multiple factors that are either intrinsic or extrinsic to the ovary contribute to the decline of the oocyte number. The inflammation caused by the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge is discussed as a potential contributing factor to the decline of the oocyte pool during the reproductive lifespan.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.159-186
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• 2016

This study analyzes the degree of dependency and comparative advantage of each country for intermediate goods trade in East Asia, which predicts the comparative advantage of the intermediate goods trade and fragmentation in East Asia when the FTA arrangement in East Asia is implemented. The results are as follows. First, the share of intra-regional trade in the intermediate goods in East Asia has increased over time, implying the deepening of interdependency in intermediate goods trade within the East Asia. Second, Korea is a net exporter in intermediate goods trade for China and ASEAN, whereas it is a net importer for Japan. Japan is a high net exporter for all East Asia, while China is a net importer for Korea, Japan and ASEAN. If FTA arrangement in East Asia is implemented, Japan and Korea will be key suppliers of the intermediate goods for East Asia, while China and ASEAN will play a role of the manufacturing factory through the import of intermediate goods. Third, Korea has a comparative advantage in intermediate trade of electric and electronics and transport vehicle industry in East Asia. Japan has a comparative advantage in all of electric and electronics, transport vehicle, precision instrument, general machinery industry, whereas China has a comparative advantage only in electric and electronics intermediate trade in East Asia. The intra-industry trade of the intermediate goods in precision instrument, general machinery industry is expected to grow among Korea, Japan and China.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to review measurements of environmental health behavior and assess the construct validity of Environmental Health Engagement Profile (EHEP) through confirmatory factor analysis. Methods: The literature review was performed for selection of measurements. Confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS 19.0 was used for validation of EHEP. Results: The model fitness was not appropriate in the one-factor model; $x^2=91.11$ (df=5, p<.001), Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=8.19, Non Normed Fit Index (NNFI)=6.39, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.20. The model fitness was appropriate in the two-factor model; $x^2=3.19$ (df=1, p=.074), CFI=9.95, NNFI= 9.71, RMSEA=0.07. A modification of scale was found to be the most suitable for use in the investigation of environmental health behavior. Conclusion: This study confirms that a two-factor model underlies the concept of environmental health behavior. The review of measurements can help nurses and researchers to assess the environmental health behaviors.