• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제32권
• /
• pp.29-56
• /
• 2006

This article primarily concerns the various aspects of the rules to control express terms particularly in standard form which seek to absolve either wholly or in part from the seller's liability for non-conforming goods. It describes and analyzes in detail how English law regulates such terms. In this analysis, it places the following questions; first, whether each jurisdiction treats the seller's liability for non-conformity in quality and quantity as mandatory rules, second, if it does, to what extent it is treated so and third, if not, in what way it controls the seller's attempt to exclude or restrict his liability for non-conformity in quality and quantity. In addition, it attempts to compare the rules under English law with those under Korean law and to evaluate them in light of the discipline of comparative law. In an attempt to evaluate them, it asks the question of whether a solution from one jurisdiction may facilitate the systematic development and reform of another jurisdiction. The evaluation is based upon the idea that the problems of fairness associated with the use of standard terms occur where the customer is unfairly taken by surprise due to his ignorance of the terms, or where even if he knows of the substance of the terms and objects to it, he is met with a take-it-or-leave-it situation.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제22권
• /
• pp.227-254
• /
• 2004

This paper focuses on the analysis of effects on fisheries sector following Korea-Japan Free Trade Agreement and the results are found as follows. In terms of national competitiveness, the RCA(Revealed comparative advantage) index shows that Korea is higher than Japan in most species items. And the calculation of TSI(Trade Specialization Index) finds that Korea is export specialized while Japan import specialized, showing that Korean fisheries sector is internationally more competitive than Japan. The tariffs on the marine products should be completely scrapped between Korea and Japan, export of marine products to Japan increases a mere 2%, while import from Japan 13.5%. In terms of value, annual export to Japan stands at 20,135thousand USD, while import from Japan at 12,137thousands USD, resulting in trade balance improvement of 8,000thousand USD in total. The tariff measures above is expected to have a positive effect on the related industry of marine products such as Oyster, Conger eel, Ark shells and Laver, but those involved in fisheries of Alaska pollack, Hair tail, Sea-bream(live fish), Red horsehead(frozen), Saury are expected to be negatively affected. Given the results of analysis above, the effects of FTA on the fisheries would be advantageous to Korea as a whole, but at the same time, the advantage and disadvantage sustained differs by fishery type and marine products. To that effect, negotiation strategies and countermeasures should be made, taking the results into account.

• 정보관리학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.211-233
• /
• 2004

웹은 지금까지 연구되어온 전통적인 정보검색 시스템과는 차별되는 새로운 정보환경이므로 웹상에서 발생하는 이용자와 정보검색 시스템 간의 상호작용에 대한 이해를 위해 새로운 관점에서의 연구가 충분히 이루어져야 하며 이러한 연구를 뒷받침해줄 웹 기반 정보탐색 패러다임이 정착될 필요가 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 웹 정보탐색행위를 연구한 문헌에서 제시된 이론적 모형들을 검토하고 비교 분석하였다. Wang, Hawk, Tenopir, Hsieh-Yee, Choo, Detlor, Turnbul, Chun과 Cooper, Rieh, Spink의 연구에서 제시된 모형들이 논의되었다. 분석 결과, 웹 정보탐색 모형은 크게 상호작용 모형, 정보탐색행위 모형, 평가 모형으로 구분되며, 전통적인 정보탐색과정 모형에 비해 복합요인들의 상호작용과 정보탐색행위의 비선형적 관점이 강조되었다는 특징을 갖는다.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제51권
• /
• pp.263-283
• /
• 2011

There are two typical international rules in issuing guarantee for obligations of party which is responsible to provide some duties such as services, construction, plants, loan repayment, etc. The two internationally recognized rules are currently ISP98 and URDG758. ISP98 was firstly introduced in 1998 for American banks to issue standby letter of credit domestic and overseas for the area where UCP does not cover. URDG was introduced first in 1991 in the name of URDG458 but it has not been widely used and therefore new URDG named URDG758 came out in 2010 to accommodate more standard guarantee practice. At the face of these two prevailing international rules, the users are sometimes confused which rule would be more suitable for their individual transaction. This led us to conduct a comparative analysis on these two rules. Our study suggests that URDG758 is more adequate for construction, ship-building and plants-supply obligations whilst ISP98 is for financial obligations. Also attentions are required when issues such as counter guarantee, governing rule, presentation period, document examination period and default statement exist. This is because ISP98 and URDG758 have different view points.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 1991

Review of literature on the symptoms of sweat. According to comparative studies of oriental and occidental medical literature on the symptoms of sweat, following results were obtained. 1. oriental medicine 1) time: ja han (自汗), do han (盜汗) 2) body : du han (頭汗), su jog han (手足汗), sim han (心汗), eum ban (陰汗) pyun hang (偏汗) 3) kan (肝) : hwang han (黃汗), sim(心) : sin han (心汗), hyul han(血汗), bee (脾) : sig hu han (腎虛汗) sin(腎) : eum han (陰汗) By the study of the oriental medical literature, sweat were concerned with physiological function and pathological transformation of the body, 2. occidental medicine 1) NO sweat of the whole body 2) NO sweat of the part 3) much sweat of the whole body, 4) much sweat of the part. By the study of the western medical literature, sweats were tiny reaction of the· nerve and the mind.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1979

Detailed human gross anatomic structures have been characterized. No similar data are available in nonhuman primate species in spite of close phylogenic similarity found between man and nonhuman primates. The ever increasing incidence of lung cancer and air pollution related respiratory ailments found in man emphasizes the need for an ideal animal model for studying pathogenesis of these various human pulmonary diseases. Thus, detailed investigation of pulmonary structures found in various species of nonhuman primates is warranted. For determining primate gross pulmonary anatomic structure, published works concerning the number of tracheal cartilage, angle of tracheal bifurcation, caliber of trachea, lung lobe and bifurcation position of trachea recorded for several species of nonhuman pimates, were reviewed. Limited information is available concerning the number of tracheal cartilage, width of tracheal cartilage, angle of bronchus, caliber of trachea and bronchus, and the bifurcation position of the trachea including the length of bronchus on nonhuman primates. Since scanty data have been gathered with no specific reference to their age, sex and body weight, they have no comparative values.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.128-137
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic analysis and to date guidance of European high heeled shoes in 18th century. The research was conducted by stylistic analysis of high heeled shoes from literature review and museums resource. 14 comparative study on shoe objects dating from 1600-1790 in the Museum at F.I.T., New York, Museum of Art, Boston and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York were selected. The result of this study are as follows: (1) The origin and development of high heeled shoes were accomplished by protection, social status and exaggeration of body, decoration and fashion. (2) According to the comparative study of Museum objects and literature, characteristic analysis of high heeled shoes from 1700-20s, 1730-40s, 1750-60s, 1770-89 and 1890-1900 were accomplished. (3) Significant elements of European women's shoes from 18th century that aid dating are identified as the presence of white rand, shape of tongue, heel shape and height, latchat, toe shape, color and materials.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.561-576
• /
• 2016

This paper aims to develop a conceptual model of smart tourism destination competitiveness to provide implications in terms of smart tourism destination realization and smart tourism destination competitiveness development. A literature review on tourism destination competitiveness and smart tourism destination is performed. A conceptual model is suggested on the basis of the model of destination competitiveness developed by Crouch and Ritchie (1999). The suggested conceptual model integrates the traditional concepts of comparative advantages and competitive advantages, seven core resources and attractors, and five destination management factors. Smart technology is included as a new core resource and attractor in the model. This study is the first to comprehensively conceptualize smart tourism destination competitiveness. Moreover, this study has practical value in the sense that it focused on the convergence between smart technology and other factors.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제14권
• /
• pp.291-321
• /
• 2000

This study investigates the different pattern of trade negotiation between Korea and Japan. For the Korea, it is inevitable to enhance nation's competitiveness position amid the rapidly changed international environment. Especially, Korea's recent experience of IMF credit under economic crisis during 1997-1999 tells us the importance of international trade and trade negotiation. Our main interest is focused on the comparative pattern of both countries with the recognition that the role of the negotiation can not be overemphasized for the Korea. This is because Korea has continuously recorded the huge trade deficits with Japan for the long time. Although we consider the different degrees of products quality, industrial structure, productivity, and national competitiveness of both countries, it is necessarily required to pay special attention on different pattern of negotiation skills and tactics between two countries. In the paper, we suggest some important guidelines for Korea to improve its negotiation technique with Japan. First, valuing human relation between negotiators, rather than negotiating process. Second, preparing for negotiations: the negotiators should try to carve out enough time to prepare for the bargaining. Third, appreciating the power of patience: very essential to effective outputs. Fourth, being a specialist on both countries' culture and avoiding lawyers' intervention for conflict resolution.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.277-298
• /
• 2008

This study develops the market attractiveness assessment model and draws the strategic target markets and their corresponding exporting strategies through identifying the market positions in the dimensions of market attractiveness scores and market positional strength to achieve the innovative export promotion of Korean heavy electric industry and the resulting improvement and reversal of comparative-disadvantage position. In chapter 2, we analyze the stages of selecting target markets, the constructs and their measure variables of market attractiveness models, and the components and strategic policy implications of directional policy matrix. And in chapter 3, we identify the comparative advantage positions of Korean heavy electric industry in the global market through analyzing its trade structure, trends, balance, ratio-balance, and specialization index by the item and the region respectively. We find that the Asia/Pacific region is the most attractive export market of the Korean heavy electric equipment industry, the following important strategic target markets are the America, MENA, CIS/East Europe Regions in the order of their attractiveness and competitive position dimensions. In the mean time, the sub-Sahara Africa and West Europe region is shown to be the long-run-viewpoint target market requiring the innovation or divest strategies owing to their low attractiveness and the low market share of Korean exports.