• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.51-74
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• 2013

Recently, Community Rebuilding Projects (hereinafter CRPs) in Korea have been driven and motivated by community inhabitants by themselves, and highlighted as an alternative approach to overcome the limitation revealed normally in top-down projects of community vitalization by the Government. The CRPs encourage community-lead development because it happens to integrate multiple stakeholders and to help inhabitants to participate in the process of the CRPs by accumulating and enlarging social capital and network among inhabitants, and the social gain consequently raises the efficiency of public investment in revitalizing communities. In this study, the series of Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) is to be elaborated and the System-Thinking (ST) approach is to be presented to understand the dynamic characteristics residing in the above development process of rebuilding communities. The ST approach refers to the CLDs analyzing 19 remarkable Korean CRP cases, and leads to a conclusion including some of policy instruments to support the bottom-up CRPs in Korea. This study contributes a theoretical framework to understand the dynamic relation between social capital and community revitalization as well as empirical suggestions to respond to the issues of the CRPs in Korean local governments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2016

This study, which takes the New York Governors Island project as an example, is an in-depth analysis of the process of participatory design for transforming a space that had long been isolated from the public into a park and/or communal space. We found that the process of participatory design at each project phase consists of the following. First, in the preparatory phase, there was construction of public discourse: efforts to find a consensus to develop the space in a public-driven direction was led by various initiatives. Second, by opening the site to the public before the design phase and by consistently inviting a wide range of activities, a community was formed and its attachment to the site was established. Third, after the competition until the completion of the project master planning phase, substantial and active participatory design was enabled through social interaction of the community formed and developed over many years. Fourth, in the detail design and implementation phase, a traditional and passive way of participatory design such as public hearings was used, thereby preserving the expertise of professional designers. Public participation was reflected most in the master planning phase to create a broad framework of the park, while professionals designed the more specific aspects; this efficient and effective approach enabled both citizens and professionals to dutifully take part in developing the park. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The mode of participatory design should be varied at each project phase, from construction of public discourse, to formation and development of the community, to participatory design for social interaction. Furthermore, it is effective to preserve the unique roles of citizens and design professionals. It is particularly important to extend the process of participatory design to include the construction of public discourse and community.