• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1042-1055
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• 2020

Objective: The ecosystem of an animal farm is composed of various elements, such as animals, farmers, plants, feed, soil, and microorganisms. A domesticated animal's health is largely connected with the reservoir of bacteria and viruses in animal farms. Although a few studies have focused on exploring the gut microbiome of animals, communities of microbiota and viruses in feedlots have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Here, we collected feces and dust samples (4 groups: cattle feces, C_F; horse feces, H_F; cattle dust, C_D; and horse dust, H_D) from cattle and horse farms sharing the same housing and investigated their microbiome/virome communities by Illumina sequencing. Results: Dust groups (C_D and H_D) showed higher microbial diversity than feces groups (C_F and H_F) regardless of animal species. From the microbial community analysis, all the samples from the four groups have major phyla such as Proteobacteria (min 37.1% to max 42.8%), Firmicutes (19.1% to 24.9%), Bacteroidetes (10.6% to 22.1%), and Actinobacteria (6.1% to 20.5%). The abundance of Streptococcus, which commonly recognized as equine pathogens, was significantly higher in the horse group (H_D and H_F). Over 99% among the classified virome reads were classified as Caudovirales, a group of tailed bacteriophages, in all four groups. Foot-and-mouth disease virus and equine adenovirus, which cause deadly diseases in cattle and horse, respectively, were not detected. Conclusion: Our results will provide baseline information to understand different gut and environmental microbial ecology between two livestock species.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.47-61
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• 2006

The study analyzed the characteristics of the daily life and the living arrangements use of the elderly with literature review after the modernization period based on the daily life perspectives. The changes in the ideology, social system, and family system, which influenced the society and families, also affected the status of the elderly and their daily lives. Consequently, they had been facing conflicts, acceptance, and internal differentiations. The characteristics of the changes in the daily lives of the elderly in different periods were as follows. The contents were written from three different perspectives, phenomenological, symbolic interaction, and Marxist. During the modernization period, the family system and the hierarchy within a family had been reformed. However, the elderly were still considered as the symbolic leader and the respected figure of the family. From a phenomenological perspective, elderlies teach the next generations and influence the family's lives. On the other hand, from a perspective of symbolic interactions, spatial adjustment behaviors toward the largest room between the elderly and the next generation were detected. The actual authority was given to the next generation. However, the elderly were still treated as the symbolic authority. Yet, as the society became more industrialized, conflicts aroused about the support of the elderly. Those, who were neglected from the family, even spent their daily time at the elderly center or the community center. The daily lives from the Marxist perspectives suggested that modernization caused the young generations, who were well-educated and had financial powers, to have initiatives. The role of the elderly was reduced and they became negligible people, who spend meaningless daily lives. The interested the Third Ages is a new perspective on the elderly, who were neglected from the industrialized society. From a phenomenological perspective, the Third Ages are the generations that seek and demand for new housing.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2011

According to the change of life environment and economic growth, the more city has highly developed, the more concentrated urban function. That is, city is required for adding infra structure. But, both of limited land resources and financial problems made it impossible to add infra structure. So, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning of urban infra structure was recognized. Especially, In Urban residential area, in order to secure parking area, It is on the increase that mixed-use of the playground of school in the high density area and the empty space of park. School and park is closely connected with town community, playing a central role on town life. For this reason, they are highly demanded for providing space in the urban residential area and also expected to be effective. However, people using park and school are almost young students and the elderly, it needs to consider not only the parking convenience also the safety of users in design process. In this study, we analysed the physical characteristics and the utilization of mixed-use of school and park. and then evaluated the case in the point of convenience and safety. For this, first we selected the case among the sites constructed in seoul, and divided 2type of 'slope type' and 'flatland type'. The meaning of this study is to suggest elementary standards for design in the point of multi-dimensional land use planning.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.595-613
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• 2006

In the debates of development gains, the general rule is that it results from actions other than those of the landowner, most notably of the public sector as in granting of permissions for the development of specific land uses and densities or through infrastructure investments, or of socio-economic forces due to a general capital accumulation in space. A huge academic literature has investigated the development gains capture that refers to the process by which a portion of or all land value increments attributed to the community effort are recouped by the public sector. Policy instruments for applying development gains capture are based on deepening land value taxation, financing infrastructure, controling land use. But one of the most basic for the efficient policy implementation is the accurate estimation of development gains. This paper estimates the development gains generated by the total 204 building land projects of Korea Land Corporation and Korea National Housing Corporation since 1995.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.499-512
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to identify awareness of pollution and attitudes toward eco-friendly clothing according to women's LOHAS lifestyle. Over 60% of women were not aware of severity of environment pollution by clothing wastes and 37.2% kept their not-wearing clothing in dead storage. 26.7% of women disposed not-wearing clothing into clothing collecting box separately and 20.9% sent them to neighbors or friends. 39.4% of women were willing to pay 10% more for eco-friendly clothing and 84.6% were not willing to buy clothing produced by unethical companies. Factors of LOHAS lifestyle were healthy food, environmental protection, family life, healthy clothing, healthy housing, and community service, and were segmented into using leisure group, family centered group, LOHAS group, and LOHAS stagnated group. Using leisure group were university women with low incomes, well aware of environmental pollution by clothing wastes and eco-friendly clothing, kept their not-wearing clothing into dead storage, and low intention to buy clothing produced by unethical companies. Family centered group were women of 30’s with average income and higher educationl, unaware of environmental pollution by clothing wastes and eco-friendly clothing, but low intention to buying them, disposed not-wearing clothing into clothing collecting box. LOHAS group were the over forties home makers with higher income and education, well aware of severity of environmental pollution, sent not-wearing clothing to others or remodeled, intended to buy eco-friendly clothing, and not to buy clothing produced by unethical companies. LOHAS stagnated group were university students, unaware of severity of environmental pollution by clothing wastes and threw not-wearing clothing into trash box, no experience of eco-friendly clothing, could buy clothing produced by unethical companies if needed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-138
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the social inclusion of permanent rental and lot-sold apartment and to provide basic source of their physical and social inclusion. The research method was in-depth interview for 32 residents in two apartment complex based on the social inclusion index developed in the previous study. The results of the study were summarized as follows: First, the majority of the residents' average monthly income in the permanent rental apartment were lower than the minimum cost of living. But, they were not seriously realized it and gave up any economic activities due to their poor health and age. Second, the big different indexes from the residents in lot-sold apartment were the family networks and social activity participations. They were not satisfied with their family members, seldom had social gatherings, and did not have any information of community cultural events. Third, since they had narrow sphere of activities, they could not properly evaluate the diversity of neighborhood facilities and the convenience of public transportations. But, they obviously recognized anti-social behaviors and the invasion of the privacy in the apartment complex, and maintained superficial neighborship. Fourth, on the other hand, the residents in lot-sold apartment had the feeling of being harmed by the various troubles of the permanent rental apartment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.587-600
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family resources on social exclusion and the resilience of low-income families. To be more specific, this study categorized the level of social exclusion into five dimensions: work, housing, health, education, and social participation. Further, family resources were categorized into the two dimensions of "internal resources of the family" and "external resources of the family" in order to evaluate the effects of the two differentiated dimensions on social exclusion and the resilience of low-income families. The data of low-income families for the period of August 23 to September 28, 2012, were collected from community welfare centers that manage individual development accounts and local self-sufficiency centers; 302 cases were considered. The main results of this study were as follows: firstly, the model analysis proved that family resources as a parameter was significant, not only statistically but also theoretically and practically. Secondly, while a negative relationship was found between social exclusion and family resources, a positive relationship was found between family resources and resilience. This implied that the alleviation of a low-income family's social exclusion level could become an important intervention for the improvement of the family's functioning and strengths. Further, it implied that the qualitative improvement of the family's resources that affected the promotion of the resilience could be a basis for another practical intervention. These results suggested crucial implications for the development of comprehensive policies for addressing poverty issues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.1 s.110
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• pp.105-117
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to help the understanding the characteristics in the costumes of men and women throughout the overall acceptance process of 'Naewaebub' in the late 'Chosun Dynasty' in which the notion of 'Naewae' is more prosperous than any other period in Korean history. Originally the distinction between man and woman was not intended to display the high and the low but to show the mutual respect according to each duty. As time goes on, that ideal became gradually changed to heighten the man and lower the women especially in 'Han' period of China. There was the ideal of distinction in the ancient times in Korea. Until 'Koryo Dinasty' the community has the system of blood-tied that put together maternal and paternal. 'Karye' was introduced in the late 'Koryo Dynasty' and accepted to the stereotype of morale in the 'Chosun Dynasty' and there seemed to be 'Samgang' and 'Oryun' at once. Many restrictions was imposed to behavior in women like rules of prohibition in attending the temple and concealment of woman's face and was recognized to rule of distinction between man and woman. Confucian life custom has been settled to Korean society throughout the late 16th century and 17th century and there were some appearances in the housing construction which divide the residences of man and woman. The characteristics in the costume from the avoidance of opposite sexes are clear in the structure of clothes changed from similar style to different style. The examples of those characteristics are as fellows. The costume in man was developed to advanced 'Pyoun-bokkwan' and 'Pyounbokpo' as social action of man prospered. Meanwhile the trousers which had been the same in the man and woman were separated to different trousers between man and woman. The costume life style of woman was changed to using the a hair whirl, hiding the face in the street and overlapping the innerwear under the skirt which was extension of woman's closed life style in late 'Chosun Dynasty'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.267-273
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the types of recovery activities and the major contents of preimpact recovery plan through theoretical review. Disaster recovery is to provide immediate support during the early recovery period necessary to return vital life support systems to minimum operation levels, and continuing to provide support until the community returns to normal. Disaster researchers distinguished 4 types in recovering from disaster as follows; an emergency period, a restoration period, a reconstruction period, and a developmental reconstruction period. And recovery measures are both short-term and long-term. Short-term measures are relief and rehabilitation and long-term measures include reconstruction. Finally, to design a preimpact recovery plan, we should define a disaster recovery organization that includes major stakeholders, identify the location of temporary housing, determine how to perform essential tasks, address the licensing and monitoring of contractors and retail price controls to ensure victims are not exploited, determine how recovery tasks will be carried out at historical sites, and recognize the recovery period as a unique time to enact policies for hazard mitigation and incorporate this objecive into the recovery planning process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.515-522
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• 2008

This study is to search the determinants which influence on evaluating the silver welfare facilities, of which data for this study were collected from the survey on the evaluation of social welfare facilities which were enforced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2006. As the results, all the factors for the management of those facilities, such as facility and environment, management of organization and human resource, service quality, and community relation, influences significantly on silver welfare facility. Among the factors, the development of service quality should be taken care of, since service quality strongly explains the result of evaluation through the regression analysis. In regard of the fundamental factors, the juridical fund itself has no influence on the evaluation of the institutes, while the patronage fund for the facilities has significant influence on silver welfare facilities except elderly housing. However, the fundamental support from government has negative influence on the facilities for specialized nursing.