• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.680-686
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among body composition, dietary intake, exercise, and life style in children(M=80, f=102) of the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school. Anthropometry and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis were conducted to estimate body composition. Dietary intake, exercise, and life style were determined by using questionnaires. When obesity was classified greater than 120% of the ideal body weight, the prevalence rates of obesity were 31.2% for boy and 20.6% for girl. There were significant differences in body composition between nonobese(NO) and obese(OB) groups. Mean fat mass(FM) and lean body mass(LBM) were 8.6kg and 27.7kg for NO group and 16.7kg and 32.3kg for OB group, respectively. Also a significant difference was found in hydration rate(TBW/body weight)between groups( <0.01). No significant difference was found I total calorie intake and nutrient intakes between groups. No difference was found in the frequency and duration of outdoor exercise and indoor activities. Mean sleeping hours was 8-9hours for 62% of nonobese children and for 59% of obese children. However, calorie intake per body weight was significantly lower inobese children than in nonobese. The present study showed that significant differences existed in their body size and composition between NO and OB groups , while no differences existed in daily calorie intake, excercise , and life style. This may indicate that important obesity-promoting factors of early onset obesity may rely on other factors such as hereditary or environmental factors besides factors considered. Further studies are required to understand obesity-promoting factors in children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 680∼686, 1997)

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 1997

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the weed communities of the fields in Korea by methods of the ZM school of phytosociology. On the basis of the data obtained, the following vegetation units were recognized: A. summer weed community of rice field A-1. Oryzetea sativae: Sagittario-Monochorietum, A-2. Lemnetea minoris: Lemna paucicostata-Spirodela polyrrhiza community B. spring weed community of rice field B-1. Bidentetea tripartitae: Stellario-Ranunculetum cantoniensis C. summer weed community of arable land C-1. Chenopodietea Pinellio ternatae-Euphorbietum pseudochamaesyceslsynonym: Acalypho australis-Digirietum pectiniformis and Cephalonoploso segetti-Geranietum eriostemonii of North Korea in Dostal다 et al.(1990)] and Phyllantho urinariae-Lindernietum crustaceae D. weed community of fallow field D-1. Erigeron sumatrensis-Erigeron anmus community, D-2. Digitaria adscendens-Portulaca oleracea community, D-3. Chenopodium album community, and D-4. Erigeron canadensis-Erigeron annuus community. Generally compared to the Korean Peninsula, the weed communities in the fields of Cheju Island is much plentiful in their species composition.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.325-335
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• 1999

Empetrum nigrum dominant community or Rhododendron mucronulatum and R. yedoense var. poukhanense dominant shrub community are developing above l,500m on Mt. Halla in Cheju Island, Korea. These communities were formed as a result of the forest of Abies koreana regression by grazing or erosion over a long period of time. This study was conducted using the phytosociological method and it clarified the floristic composition of the community in Cheju Island by comparing with a similar community in Japan. Also this study interpreted the development data of these communities and considered community succession. As a result of our interpretation, shrub community of Cheju Island is recognized as two associations, Festuco obinae-Empetretum nigrum ass. nov and Rhododendretum mucronulatum ass. nov. Each association of Cheju Island is composed of endemic species of Cheju Island. related to the Korean peninsula and to Japan. The two associations are divided into 8 sub-units but each community development has been created with longtime grazing and prescribed fire. Maybe the location stability by stoppage of interference and grazing will process community transition Quickly. Comparing the shrub communities of Cheju Island with Maianthemo-Rhododendretum in Kyushu, Japan, which is close geographically, both areas have the species of Miscanthetea sinesis and Ericaceae in common. But Cheju Island has more abundant species and has higher ratio of appearance of alpine plants. The shrub communities of Cheju Island and Kyushu. Japan are identified as having a different rank over Alliance.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2007

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to examine an obesity control program using dietary consult and physical exercise among middle-aged obese women in a health center. Method: This study used a pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 63 middle-aged women with over BMI $25(kg/m^2)$ or %BF 28 who participated in the obesity control program for 12 weeks. Results: After the program for 12 weeks, BMI(p= .02) and TC(p= .00) decreased significantly compared with those before the program. Conclusion: Obesity control programs in health centers can decrease the degree of obesity in middle-aged obese women. Therefore health centers should develop strategies for their members' continuous participation in such an obesity control program.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2002

The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest of cool temperate zone on Deongnyusan(1,616m) south-eastern part of the Korean Penninsula were investigated from the phytosociological viewpoint. As a result, a bryophyte community was recognized, considering the phytosociological unit of the forest: Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Thamnoblyum alopecurum community. This community was interpreted as a counterpart one of the Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana / Dicranum scoparium-Plagiothecium silvaticum community in the Jiri Mountains, but between the two communities, the species composition was somewhat different. The bryophyte community on the forest floor on Deongnyusan was confirmed as a synusie belonging to the Fraxino-Abietetum koreanae Song 1988. Up to date many investigators have described the coniferous forest distributed above 1,400m on Deongnysan as the forest vegetation of subarctic(=subalpine) zone. However, from the results of the present study, the forest vegetation, a mixed forest, was elucidated to be one of cool temperate zone. Species diversity of the terri-colous bryophyte community on Deongnyusan was very close to that of the communities of the similar type in the Jiri Mountains. The taxa of the bryophyte community was composed of 19 families,25 genera and 38 species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.8-21
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to work out the strategies for developing the east coastal community-base resort activating the community economy. The results of this study were as follows; presented village unit resort development that secure unique community activity to seashore village inhabitants and offer natural rest space and recreation space to user for the idealest development direction. And presented space composition direction so that can develop nature rest ball such as nature walk road that introduce concept of "The street" in this resort development. Also, through belt style development, proposed resources between the seashore village that must share reciprocity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.35-51
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• 2014

A phytosociological vegetation survey was conducted in July to September 2011 in order to examine the vegetation community structure in Mt. Ohseo area. It was aimed to provide basic data for the effective vegetation conservation by analyzing the importance, species diversity and community similarity of the forest community in Mt. Ohseo for each layer, followed by the classification of the actual forest vegetation. According to the cluster analysis, the community type of Mt. Ohseo was classified into a total of 4 vegetation communities: Pinus densiflora community, Cornus controversa-Quercus serrata community, Miscanthus sinensis community, and Quercus mongolica community; the vegetation type 4 showed the lowest species diversity index of 0.5236, and vegetation type-2 showed the highest species diversity index of 0.6606. The community similarity between Quercus mongolica community and Pinus densiflora community showed the highest 0.679, and the community similarity between Quercus serrata community and Pinus densiflora community and between Quercus serrata community and Quercus mongolica community showed the levels of 0.5, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.730-743
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• 1997

Community structure and distribution patterns of benthic polychaetes were studied in Aug. 1983 and Feb. 1984 in Kwangyang Bay, Korea. During the study period, the large-scale reclamation and dredging operations were taking place. Polychaetes were composed of 76 species with a mean density of $342\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}$ during the summer 1983 and 77 species with a mean density of $437\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}$ during the winter 1984. Community structure indices were applied to the seasonal data. The stations influenced by the Seomjin river are characterized by a low species number and low diversity, while the stations located in channel regions represent high species richness and highdiversity. The inner bay stations showed the intermediate level in terms of species richness and diversity. On the basis of taxa composition and abundance in summer, the cluster analysis indicated that the study area was divided into live regions. The main factors that govern the polychaete distributions appeared to be the fresh water run-off and bottom sediment composition. However, a slight difference was observed in winter community, and changes in composition of the dominant species were found from Lagis bocki and Chone teres to Glycinde gurjanovae and Heteromastus filiformis. As a result, the broad scale reclamation and dredging activities may have played a role in changes of the polychaete community structure and the dominant species composition in Kwangyang Bay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.340-354
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton biomass and community composition in Jinhae Bay on the southern coast of Korea. Phytoplankton pigment analysis was conducted using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were conducted from April to December 2019 at seven stations. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) and inorganic nutrients (dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, and orthosilicic acid) were measured to investigate the environmental factors associated with the structure of phytoplankton community. Phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a) was the highest in July (mean 15.4±4.3 ㎍/L) and the lowest in December (mean 3.5±0.6 ㎍/L). Fucoxanthin was the most abundant carotenoid and showed a similar variation pattern to Chl-a, peridinin, and Chl-b. Phytoplankton community composition analysis showed that diatoms were a predominant group with an average abundance of 70 % whereas chlorophytes, cryptophytes, and dinoflagellates often appeared with lower averages. Further, the dominance of diatoms was closely correlated with water temperature and N:P ratio, which might be influenced by high temperatures in the summer and nutrient loading from the land. Additionally, freshwater and nutrient input by rainfall was estimated to be the most important environmental factor. Hence, the spatial and temporal variations in the composition of phytoplankton pigments and phytoplankton community were correlated with physicochemical and environmental parameters.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.519-529
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• 2008

Recent studies reveal one of the representative endocrine disrupters of nonylphenol affects on the composition of a planktonic community. Since nonylphenol is sometimes discharged into eutrophic waters, we monitored planktonic community composition of a eutrophic pond after receiving nonylphenol when cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa mainly dominated. The experiment was carried out two times using small-scale microcosms in a laboratory. In both two experiments, ciliate abundances significantly decreased when nonylphenol was added. On the seventh day, the ciliate abundances in $10{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ added treatments decreased by 36.9% in the first experiment and 33.6% in the second, when compared to the control. The response of other planktonic groups was less obvious to nonylphenol addition. In particular, in the first experiment, Chl. b/Chl. $\alpha$ and Chl. c/Chl. $\alpha$ significantly increased with the addition of nonylphenol, while total Chl. $\alpha$ concentration did not change. Indeed, bacillariophyceae and chlorophyceae abundances tended to increase with nonylphenol dosing. From these results, we tentatively hypothesized that nonylphenolloading positively affects on abundances of edible phytoplankton such as Scenedesmus spp. and diatoms by releasing from grazing pressure due to decrease in ciliate abundances. The present study emphasizes that the indirect effect of endocrine disrupters should be paid more attention when freshwater resources are polluted by them.