• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.644-652
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among life style, body composition and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in community dwelling Korean adults. Methods: Data were collected from 140 adults who participated in a health check-up program at community health departments in D city, Choong-chung providence. Subjects' life style was assessed with a structured interview survey. Body composition analyses were performed by the bioimpedence method and BMD was measured by peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry. Results: Among the subjects, 39.3% showed normal BMD values, 50.7% were osteopenic and 10% were assessed as osteoporotic. BMD was significantly different by gender, age, education, economic status and BMI. Subjects who had three or more meals/day had higher BMD then who had less than three meals (t=-2.273, p=.026). BMD was not influenced by regular exercise, alcohol consumption, or smoking. In terms of body composition, there was a significant relationship between fat free mass and BMD (r=.172, p=.043). Conclusion: Implementing an osteoporosis prevention program would be warrented considering the significant proportion of osteopenic or osteoporotic subjects. Regular eating habit with three meals for adequate nutrition need to be emphasized to prevent further bone loss in this population. Among the body composition, fat free mass seem to be the mostly predicting factor for BMD.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2018

Headwater streams provide various microhabitats, resulting in high diversity of macroinvertebrate community. In this study, we compared the differences of communities between two adjacent headwater streams (Jangjeon stream (GRJ; GRJ1-GRJ5) and Haanmi stream (GRH; GRH1-GRH3)) in Jungwang and Gariwang mountains, Gangwon-do and evaluated the effects of habitat condition to the macroinvertebrates community composition. In order to characterize the macroinvertebrate communities and extract influential environmental factors, we applied to Cluster analysis (CA), Indicator species analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Total 33,613 individuals in 3 phyla, 5 classes, 13 orders, 51 families, and 114 taxa (genera or species) were collected. Gammarus sp. was dominant at the upper stream of GRJ, whereas Chironomidae spp. was abundant at GRH and the downstream of GRJ. The CA classified samples into six clusters (1-6) reflecting spatial and temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was significantly different between two adjacent streams. Sweltsa sp. 1, Psilotreta kisoensis, Rhyacophila shikotsuensis and Serratella setigera were identified as representative indicator species for clusters 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively. Similar to CA results, NMDS revealed the spatial and temporal differences of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, indicating the difference of community composition as well as microhabitat condition. Forest composition, proportion of boulders (>256 mm), and water velocity were main factors affecting the macroinvertebrate community composition.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.529-541
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• 2015

We examined the species composition and community structure of demersal fish in the middle and southern coastal waters of the East Sea of Korea by surveying a commercial Danish seine fishery from 2010 to 2013. We considered the waters north of $37^{\circ}N$ as middle and those south of $37^{\circ}N$ as southern waters. A total of 79 demersal fish species belonging to 18 families were collected. Of these, 59 species (77.6%) inhabited only the East Sea as opposed to the West and South Seas of Korea, and most were resident species. The species and biomass were similar between the two portions of the study area. The sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus (78.0%) and the blackfin flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri (65.1%) were the most common species and accounted for the most biomass in the middle and southern waters, respectively. Fish were most abundant at shallow depths (50-100 m) in the middle portion of the East Sea. Using a cluster analysis, we divided the species composition and community structure at the sampling stations into three groups: middle portion (group A), deep area of the southern portion (group B), and shallow areas of the southern portion (group C). A. japonicas and G. stelleri were dominant in groups A and B, while G. stelleri and Clupea pallasii were dominant in group C.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2015

Species composition in the coastal waters off Ulleungdo of Korea were examined based on catches bimonthly collected by trammel net in 2013. A total of 711 individuals and 181.9 Kg were caught and catches were composed of 4 classes 15 orders 27 families 52 species including 44 Pisces, 4 Gastropoda, 3 Cephalopoda, and 1 Echinodermata. The dominant species in biomass were File fish (Thamnaconus modestus), Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus), and Greenling (Hexagrammos otakii). Data were summarized using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) to examine similarity in species composition for each month, and community structure in Ulleungdo was divided into two groups. Community structures in February, April and December with low temperature and well-mixed surface water were distinguished from those in June, August and October with high temperature and strong stratification, which could be attributed to temporal changes in dominant species. Atka mackerel and Spear squid mainly caught in February and April, disappearing in June, August and October, and File fish outburst was shown in October. Because the water off Ulleungdo has been under low human pressure, it could be a good case study to elucidate effects of climate change on community structure and ecosystem in the East sea. Continuous surveys and further studies are required to demonstrate migration route and distribution of dominant species and long-term changes in community structure in the water of Ulleungdo.

• 화훼연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2010

본 연구는 상관에 의한 종조성표의 불연속성인 분류법과 연속성인 배열법을 적용하여 한반도 도서지역 춘란 집단의 식물종조성 및 식생을 식물사회학적으로 분석하였다. 자생지 33개소는 평균 해발고도 65.9m이었고, 방향은 동남 사면이었으며, 경사는 평균 7.9%이었다. 조사구 $4m^2$ 면적의 춘란 피도는 4.5%이었다. 춘란과 동반 출현하는 식물은 총 102분류군이었다. 그 중 목본은 68분류군(66.7%)이었고, 초본은 34분류군(33.3%)이었으며, 상록식물은 36분류군(35.3%), 낙엽식물은 66분류군(64.7%)이었다. 춘란과 동반 출현하는 빈도가 가장 높은 식물은 사스레피나무(48.5%)이었으며, 다음으로 곰솔(45.5%), 청미래덩굴(36.4%), 그늘사초(33.3%), 송악(33.3%), 후박나무(30.0%), 때죽나무(30.3%), 소나무(27.3%) 순이었다. 춘란집단의 식물군락은 곰솔군락, 소나무군락, 구실잣밤나무군락, 굴참나무군락으로 구분되었으며, 춘란과 결합력이 강한 식물군락은 곰솔군락이었다. 춘란집단 식물군락의 유사성과 결합양상은 곰솔군락과 구실잣밤나무 군락이 가까웠고, 소나무군락은 굴참나무군락과 가까웠다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.367-383
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• 1995

The relationship between floristic composition and soil environmental factors was investigated in the forest vegetation of Mt. Mohu.The forest vegetation unit of the Mt. Mohu could be divided into three communities, Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community and Quercus variabilis community. There were two subcommunities in Quercus mongolica community, which were Rhododendron schlippcubachii subcommunity and Stephanandra incisa subcommunity. The Quercus mongolica community was distributed at the altitude of 600~900 m, Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis communities were distributed on south-west slope at the altitudes of 430~520 m and 400~500 m, respectively.The DBH class of dominant species in each community showed that Quercus mongolica had 9 individuals/a at 11~15 cm class, Quercus variabilis 5.6 individuals/a at 11~15 cm class, and Pinus densiflora 8 individuals/a at 16~20 cm class. Quercus mongolica. Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora communities showed a bell-shape distribution.The contents of organic matter and soil water, and cation exchange capacity of the soil increased and the pH decreased in proportion to increased altitude. The soil environmental conditions of Quercus mongolica community were more favorable than those of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis communities.The supposed successional sere of the forest vegetation of Mt. Mohu was as follows: Pinus densiflora community.Quercus variabilis community.Quercus mongolica community

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

A method of conserving the vegetation at Mt. Chonggye was established to persue a practical management of the natural ecosystem by the vegetative composition analysis. As a result, the vegetation of surveyed areas was classified into two communities and four subcommunities in Mt. Chonggye. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community, known as the roadside plant community, distributed near trails under heavy human impacts. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community included two subcommunities : Digitaria sanguinalis-Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior subcommunity and Rhus chinensis subcommunities. In these communiyies, there were many naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, known as heliophilous plant. Results indicated that the vegetation had been affected by intensive human activities. It is necessary to control the naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus for conservation of the ecosystem and nature in this area. Quercus mongolica community, a common coppice woodland in central Korea, was mostly distributed around mountain tops and ridges above 529 m altitute. In the valley where the forests well conserved, the Quercus mongolica community contained the Syneilesis aconitifolia-Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus subcommunity. On the other hand, Potentilla dickinsii subcommunity was dominated in dry rocky ridge areas. In these areas, however, the vegetation and forest soil was not properly managed for conservation.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

In order to give back-to-farm residents the stable settlement environment in the rural area, the 'community village' is desirable as the village type and its village planning guideline should be supported as well. The purpose of this study was to develop a guideline for the planning of back-to-farm community village in the living and social environmental aspects, based on the comprehensive comparative analysis about items that field survey and literature suggested. The guideline for the living environment was developed for 6 items; village structure(adequate size, lot, outer space for household), village landscape(allocation, space composition), road system and transportation(parking lot in village, placement of bus stops, village trail, public transportation, road and pedestrian system), common living facilities and common space(number, size, location & placement, plan type, planning type of common facilities), transfer space, individual housing(type, size, planning type). The guideline for the social environment was developed for 3 items; village making and establishment(resident participation type, resident participation tool, residents' construction participation) and resident education in the course of planning, resident participation(gathering resident opinion, decision making, composition of construction committee, community newsletter).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2004

Many studies have presented results about the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale). There has yet to be a study which makes comparisons of nutrients based on the parts of the Dandelion. To identify the nutrient composition by part of dandelion, nutrient contents were analyzed. Dandelions were taken from Songpa-gu in Seoul and the nutrient composition of the flower, leaf and root were measured. The nutrient content of each part was analysed by using the method developed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The proximate components(moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates), minerals and vitamins of the dandelion were analysed. The nutrient composition of the dandelions showed many significant differences among the parts when the differences were determined by using Duncan's multiple range test. The leaf contains more protein, ash, Ca, K, Mg, Zn, vitamin A, B$_1$, B$_2$, and C than the other parts. The root has much more fiber, carbohydrate, P and Fe content. The results demonstrate that dandelions could be used as a food source supplement for fiber, Ca, Fe and vitamin B$_2$ which are common nutritional deficiencies in Korea. It is recommended that more research for other bio-functional factors besides nutrients composition is needed to enhance the utilization of the dandelion.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.600-610
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the effects of an exercise program on body composition, serum lipids, and menopausal symptoms in Korean menopausal women. Methods: This research used none qui valent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 30 middle-aged women who were divided into two groups, an experimental group (n = 16) who participated in the exercise program and a control group (n = 14). The exercise program was composed of gymnastic-ball exercises with RPE $12{\sim}13$ intensity, 50 minutes' duration and three times a week for 12 weeks from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The dependent variables (body composition, serum lipids, menopause symptoms, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction) were measured before and after exercise program. Results: There were statistically significant difference in weight (F=2.92, p=.049), percent body fat (F=4.22, p=.040), total cholesterol (F=2.63, p= .017) and high density lipoprotein (F=6.74, p= .015) between the two groups. Psychological menopausal symptoms also decreased significantly (F=7.01. p=.014) after the exercise in the experimental group. Conclusions: Regular gymnastic-ball exercises are helpful for menopausal women. They have positive effects not only on body composition and serum lipids but also on the decrease of menopausal symptoms. The results of this study suggest that gymnastic-ball exercise programs are effective in health promotion of Korean middle-aged women, and thus it is necessary to develop exercise programs for women.