• CELLMED
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.8.1-8.22
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• 2015

Medicinal uses of edible and other plants for prevention and cure of obesity and overweight associated metabolic and mental health problems have since long been known to scholars and practitioners of Ayurvedic and other traditionally known system of medicine. Modernized versions of numerous edible plant derived formulations mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts are at present some of the most popular, or best selling, herbal remedies in India and numerous other countries suffering from double burden of diseases caused by malnutrition and obesity. Preclinical and clinical information now available on edible plants and their bioactive constituents justify traditionally known medicinal uses of products derived from them for prevention and cure of obesity associated type-2 diabetes, psychopathologies and other health problems. Such information now available on a few edible Ayurvedic plants and their formulations and suggesting that their stress response regulating effects are involved in their broad spectrums of bioactivity profiles are summarized in this communication. Implications of recent physiological and pharmacological observations made with numerous phytochemicals isolated from edible plants for better understanding of traditionally known medicinal uses of herbal remedies are also pointed out.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2001

The present study was performed to investigate adequate levels of utterances which can give essential as well as useful information about the patients' voice, by examining the degrees of correlation between the levels of utterances (vowels, words, and phrase paragraph reading) and the entire utterance including all of the levels. For this purpose, a total of 10 individual utterance samples (5 vowels, 3 words, 1 phrase, 1 paragraph reading) were collected from each of the 30 subjects with voice disorder patients, and four experienced voice therapists evaluated them using GRBAS. The results showed that four therapists highly agreed upon on 'G' parameter. The coefficient of the correlation between each level of utterance and entire utterance tended to be above 0.70. Judgements of the vowel /$\varepsilon$/ as well as /o/ highly correlated with the judgement of the entire utterance. Regardless of severity, the judgement of the entire utterance highly correlated with the judgements of the vowel /u/ and the paragraph reading. These results suggest that experienced voice therapists can precisely evaluate patients' voice quality with only one sustained vowel in the clinic field, as is done with the entire utterance evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify health problems and support received from the health and welfare service using MDS-HC(Minimun Data Set for Home Care) in the aged living at home. Method: Eighty-one elderly persons were selected from those listed in community-welfare service centers in Seoul and Kyunggi Province between December 2002 and January 2003. Result: Eleven health problems per elderly person on average were identified, and the frequent care needs were in order: preventive health measure, health promotion, visual function, depression & anxiety, communication disorders, social function, pain, environmental assessment, oral health, cognition and falls. The number of health problems by the level of ADL was ‘ADL 1(Independence)’ 9.87, ‘ADL 2(Partial independence)’ 12.78, ‘ADL 3(Dependence)’ 13.73. Utilization of formal health & welfare services among the elderly was ‘meals on wheels’ 40.7%, ‘home helper’ 38.2%, ‘visiting of social welfare worker’ 21.0%, ‘physical therapy’ 19.6%, ‘day care center’ 12.3%, ‘volunteer's service’ 9.9%, ‘home visiting care’ 3.7%, ‘occupational therapy’ 3.7%, and ‘speech therapy’ 2.5%. Conclusion: The results suggest that using the MDS-HC 2.0 is applicable to help decide criteria for both health and welfare service supplied to the elderly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.599-609
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• 2021

Ginseng has long been considered as an herbal medicine. Recent data suggest that ginseng has antiinflammatory properties and can improve learning- and memory-related function in the central nervous system (CNS) following the development of CNS neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, and other neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of ginseng in the neurovascular unit, which is composed of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, neural stem cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, especially their blood-brain barrier maintenance, anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative functions. In addition, cell-cell communication enhanced by ginseng may be attributed to regeneration via induction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in CNS diseases. Thus, ginseng may have therapeutic potential to exert cognitive improvement in neuroinflammatory diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.94-103
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• 2021

The lack of an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) stems primarily from incomplete understanding of AD's causes. A rapidly growing number of scientific reports highlight important roles played by peripheral infections and intestinal bacterial flora in pathological and physiological functions involving the microbiome-intestine-brain axis. The microbiome controls basic aspects of the central nervous system (CNS), immunity, and behavior, in health and disease. Changes in the density and composition of the microbiome have been linked to disorders of the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, including mood changes, depression, increased susceptibility to stressors, and autistic behaviors. There is no doubt that in patients with AD, restoration of the intestinal microbiome to a composition reminiscent of that found in healthy adult humans will significantly slow the progression of neurodegeneration, by ameliorating inflammatory reactions and/or amyloidogenesis. In the near future, better understanding of bidirectional communication between the brain and microbiota will allow the development of functional diets using specific probiotic bacteria.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2018

A mixed dysarthria with combinations of hypokinetic, ataxic, and spastic components is a common clinical feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Due to the rapid progress of dysarthria after diagnosis, people with MSA experience difficulty with verbal communication, which eventually affects their quality of life negatively. In this study, SPEAK $OUT!^{(R)}$, an intensive 1:1 treatment of dysarthria for improving functional communicative ability, was provided to twelve people with MSA. To evaluate the efficacy of SPEAK $OUT!^{(R)}$ in people with MSA, aerodynamic, acoustic, and perceptual analyses were conducted. Pre-and post-therapy data included maximum phonation time, vocal intensity, and fundamental frequency during /a/ sustained phonation and passage reading; frequency range between high /a/ and low /a/ phonation; jitter, shimmer, and HNR for vocal quality; speech rate during passage reading; and perceptual evaluation scores for articulation precision and intonation. The participants achieved statistically significant improvement in vocal intensity, pitch range, vocal quality, speech rate, and speech intelligibility. In conclusion, SPEAK $OUT!^{(R)}$ is a feasible treatment for people with MSA to efficaciously improve their speech ability.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.191-199
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• 2019

Background: Patients with special health care needs are more likely to develop health problems, including dental problems. Dental treatments require a good level of communication with the patient. Therefore, in these patients, sedation and general anesthesia are an extremely humanistic approach for comfortable and successful treatment. In patients with special needs, there is no standard anesthetic approach due to varying clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to provide literature content about the anesthetic approaches used by us in patients with special needs. Methods: The medical records of 710 patients with special health care needs treated under general anesthesia or sedation were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Mallampati score, anesthesia duration, anesthesia type, anesthetic and analgesic agents used, dental treatment performed, secondary diseases, and complications in the perioperative period were recorded. Patients were evaluated under five groups: Down syndrome, other syndromes, psychiatric disorders, physical disabilities, and complicated medical story. Results: Among the patients evaluated, 47.5% were females and 52.5% were males (mean age $15.76{\pm}11.17$ years), and general anesthesia and sedation were administered in 72.9% and 22.1% patients, respectively. The mean duration of anesthesia was $43.20{\pm}35.85$ min. Simple dental treatments were performed in all groups, and the most common complications were observed in the other syndromes group. Conclusion: Complications can be reduced by utilizing the appropriate anesthetic approach and taking serious precautions in patients with special needs.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.59-72
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• 2021

Based on the theory of adolescent development, the study analyzed how the relationship among elementary school students and their parents and intimacy between the parents affects elementary school children's gaming disorders. The current study focused on the different gender effects and the relationship between parents. The results indicated that the closer the relationship with the mother of elementary school girls and the better the relationship between the parents of boys were associated with the lower the gaming disorder. The significance of study is to analyze the importance of the relationship between parents in preventing gaming disorder.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.2-12
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• 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that carry bioactive cargoes of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs between living cells. Their role in cellular communication has gained the attention of several research reports globally in the last decade. EVs are critically involved in sperm functions, oocyte functions, fertilization, embryonic development, and pregnancy. The review summarizes the state-of-the-art of EVs research in the diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) potentials of the EVs during the pregnancy that might provide a solution for gestational disturbances such as implantation failure, maternal health problems, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. EVs can be found in all biological fluids of the fetus and the mother and would provide a non-invasive and excellent tool for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, we provide the current efforts in manufacturing and designing targeted therapeutics using synthetic and semi-synthetic nanovesicles mimicking the natural EVs for efficient drug delivery during pregnancy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2024

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol), a prominent cholesterol metabolite present in the bloodstream and peripheral tissues, is a kind of immune oxysterol that elicits immune response. Recent research indicates the involvement of 27OHChol in metabolic inflammation (meta-inflammation) characterized by chronic responses associated with metabolic irregularities. 27OHChol activates monocytic cells such that they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and increase the expression of cell surface molecules such as pattern-recognition receptors that play key roles in immune cell-cell communication and sensing metabolism-associated danger signals. Levels of 27OHChol increase when cholesterol metabolism is disrupted, and the resulting inflammatory responses can contribute to the development and complications of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Since 27OHChol can induce chronic immune response by activating monocyte-macrophage lineage cells that play a crucial role in meta-inflammation, it is essential to understand the 27OHChol-induced inflammatory responses to unravel the roles and mechanisms of action of this cholesterol metabolite in chronic metabolic disorders.