• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2017

With the continuous evolution of the numerical methods and the availability of advanced constitutive models, it became a common practice to use complex physical and geometrical nonlinear numerical analyses to estimate the structural behavior of reinforced concrete elements. Such simulations may yield the complete time history of the structural behavior, from the first moment the load is applied until the total collapse of the structure. However, the evolution of the cracking pattern in geometrical discontinuous zones of reinforced concrete elements and the associated failure modes are relatively complex phenomena and their numerical simulation is considerably challenging. The objective of the present paper is to assess the applicability of the Applied Element Method in simulating the development of distinct failure modes in reinforced concrete walls subjected to monotonic loading obtained in experimental tests. A pushover test was simulated numerically on three distinct RC shear walls, all presenting an opening that guarantee a geometrical discontinuity zone and, consequently, a relatively complex cracking pattern. The presence of different reinforcement solutions in each wall enables the assessment of the reliability of the computational model for distinct failure modes. Comparison with available experimental tests allows concluding on the advantages and the limitations of the Applied Element Method when used to estimate the behavior of reinforced concrete elements subjected to monotonic loading.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2008

A study for the nonlinear analysis method of RC(Reinforced Concrete) beams with unbonded prestressing CFRP plate is presented. The cross-section of RC beam element is idealized as an assemblage of concrete and reinforcing steel fibers in order to account for varied material properties within the cross-section of the element. The unbonded CFRP plate is modeled as a series of the CFRP plate segments each of which is linked to the RC beam element, but slips without any resistance to simulate the unbonded behavior of the CFRP plate. The stress of each CFRP plate segment is redistributed iteratively using the force equilibrium relationship at each common node until it reaches at the same stress level. To evaluate the validity of the proposed analysis method, the results of ultimate analysis of the reinforced concrete beams with unbonded prestressing CFRP plates are compared with the experimental results obtained from other investigators. The proposed analysis method is found to predict ultimate behaviors of these beams fairly well.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

In this paper, determination of the scalability of the cluster composed common personal computer was performed when optimization of reinforced concrete structure using genetic algorithm. The goal of this research is watching the potential of multi-core-PC cluster for optimization of seismic design of reinforced-concrete structures. By increasing the number of core-processer of cluster, decreasing of computation time per each generation of genetic algorithm was observed. After classifying the components in singular personal computer, the estimation of the expected bottle-neck phenomenon and comparison with wall-clock time and Amdahl's law equation was performed. So we could obseved the scalability of the cluster appear complex tendency. For separating the bottle-neck phenomenon of physical and algorithm, the different size of population was selected for genetic algorithm cases. When using 64 core-processor, the efficiency of cluster is low as 31.2% compared with Amdahl's law efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

This study investigates residents' living satisfaction with high-rise, mixed-use apartments built in the structures of reinforced concrete construction(RC) and with steel framed, reinforced concrete construction(SRC). The following study results were obtained: 1) Residents expressed below average satisfaction (below 3.0) with the common-area landscape and environmentally-friendly factors, children's playground and its facilities, community service for residents' by the management offices and utility plan. 2) According to the satisfaction of sound environment, residents of the SRC group expressed above average satisfaction. It can be concluded that noise problems around the residential area of the SRC group was well solved in this study. However, the residents of the SRC group expressed low satisfaction with the freshness of indoor air, humidity, and smell in the living quarters. 3) High-rise, mixed-use apartments should accommodate a familial life cycle, be designed as an environmentally friendly resting place in harmony with city life, and provide various communal programs for residents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.305-308
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• 2004

There are ground facility of maintenance in house electric facility of infra maintenance electric home appliances having used multifariousness in house, that use electric energy of common source for equipment. The body of building such as the reinforced concrete construction is structurally united, and the electric resistance is also small. It is possible that those foundations have contacted the ground at large surface area and that it substitutes the building construction body for the earth electrode. This is called "the structure earthing". This method has been defined at electrical facilities technical standards and KS in our country, and it has been used in various quarters practically. However, in our country, there is no example of using the foundation of the house as substitution earth electrode practically, and the means of the evaluation as electrode has not been established either. Then, in this paper, basic research for utilizing foundation of the house as substitution earth electrode is carried out.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.965-988
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• 2016

This paper investigates the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings with multiple underground stories. A base-case where the buildings are modeled with a fixed condition at ground level is adopted, and then the number of basements is incrementally increased to evaluate changes in performance. Two subsurface site conditions, corresponding to very dense sands and medium dense sands, are used for the analysis. In addition, three ground shaking levels are used in the study. Results of the study indicated that while the common design practice of cropping the structure at the ground surface leads to conservative estimation of the base shear for taller and less rigid structures; it results in unpredicted and nonconservative trends for shorter and stiffer structures.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-69
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• 2014

The 2009 L'Aquila, Italy earthquake shook a high density area causing a wide spectrum of damage to reinforced concrete with infill buildings, one of the most common building types used in Italy. The earthquake has proven to be a "full-scale" laboratory to further understand building performance. This paper presents the first results of a joint research effort between the University of Bologna and Degenkolb Engineers, aimed at investigating the seismic behavior of an infilled frame building that collapsed during the earthquake. State-of-the-practice techniques were implemented as a way to determine the reliability of these modeling techniques in anticipating the observed building performance. The main results indicate that: (i) the state-of-the-practice techniques are able to predict the observed behavior of the buildings; (ii) the masonry infills have a great influence on the behavior of the building in terms of stiffness, strength and global ductility.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

This study is to investigate residents' living satisfaction with high-rise mixed-use apartment complexes built in the structures of the reinforced concrete constructing and the steel framed reinforced concrete construction. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Residents expressed below average satisfaction (below 3.0) with the common-area landscape and environmentally-friendly factors, children's playground and its facilities, community service for residents' by the management offices and the plan of utility. 2.According to the satisfaction of sound environment, residents of SRC group expressed above average satisfaction; it can be concluded that problems of causing noise around the residential area of the SRC and S groups were well solved in this study. However, satisfaction with the freshness of indoor air, humidity, and smell in the living quarters was rated low by the residents of SRC group. 3. High-rise mixed-use apartment complexes should accomodate families's life cycle, design an environmentally-friendly resting place in harmony with city life, and provide various communal programs for residents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.361-364
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• 2008

This paper deals with assessment of electrical safety for grounding system of buildings by investigation on the spot at construction site. The investigation was carried out for grounding method, grounding type, shape of grounding electrode, grounding for lightning protection system, continuity of steelwork in reinforced concrete structure and so on. The investigation on the spot was performed by researcher, engineer with over fifteen years of industry experience all over the country. As a result of investigation on the spot to 13 buildings, common grounding method was dominant. A new grounding system based on international standards includes unity grounding system, structure grounding utilizing steel reinforced concrete, equipotential bonding. use of surge protective device.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.527-555
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• 2013

This paper proposes probabilistic models for estimating the seismic demands on reinforced concrete (RC) bridges with base isolation. The models consider the shear and deformation demands on the bridge columns and the deformation demand on the isolation devices. An experimental design is used to generate a population of bridges based on the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (AASHTO 2007) and the Caltrans' Seismic Design Criteria (Caltrans 1999). Ground motion records are used for time history analysis of each bridge to develop probabilistic models that are practical and are able to account for the uncertainties and biases in the current, common deterministic model. As application of the developed probabilistic models, a simple method is provided to determine the fragility of bridges. This work facilitates the reliability-based design for this type of bridges and contributes to the transition from limit state design to performance-based design.