• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.554-559
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• 2006

The currently common housing is obviously going to be under the reconstruction in just $20{\sim}30$ years, with the failure to satisfy the improvement of national income, diversification and advance of national demand. But, reckless and random reconstruction Induce the serious problem of environmental pollution involving the loss of national treasury and excess materials of constructions. In order to address such problem, the common housing of longevity, which can adequately cope with the changes of times and tastes of inhabiters, in the future, is arising as an alternative. Recently, the groundbreaking phase of common housing is also being considered as another alternative to resolve such problem. The common housing of longevity has an advantage to create a free and comfortable space in accordance with the tastes of inhabiters, as well as expanding the durability of building. But, the current facility system has an inability to deal with the sort of housing. Thus, the research paper is designed to make an analysis on problems of common housing in South Korea, which has made it difficult to handle a changing space, and based on the analysis, the paper is intended to make a review on the future-oriented facility service appropriate enough to deal with the changing aspects of space.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Purpose: Poisoning is a major health problem for the elderly, and poisoning can cause fatal side effects. However, the characteristics and clinical features of elderly patients with acute poisoning have not been well studied in the previous domestic research. So, we tried to analyze the clinical characteristics and toxic substances of the patients who were 65 years old or older and who were admitted to the regional emergency medical center due to acute poisoning. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and poisoning protocols of the patients who were 65 years of age or older and who had with acute poisoning and who visited the ED in our emergency center from January 2005 to December 2009. We collected the demographic information, the gender, the underlying diseases, the causes and toxic substances, the initial presentation, the treatment and the outcomes. Results: A total of 2179 poisoned patients visited the hospital during 5 years, and among them 244 were 65 years of age or older (11.2%). The mean age was $75.6{\pm}6.9$ years and the male:female ratio was 1:1.7. The most common cause of poisoning was suicide (73.4%) and the most common source of poisonous substances was their own drugs. Of the substances used for poisoning, benzodiazepine was the most common drug (25.8%), followed by sedatives other than benzodiazepine (25.4%), insecticide (12.7%), chemical agents (12.3%) and herbicides (8.2%). The most common initial presentation was mental change (64.8%). When comparing the factors between the three elderly groups, there was no difference in gender, the cause, the substances and the underlying disease. The outcomes of treatment included ICU admission (56.1%), a good condition at discharge (12.7%) and admission to a general ward (12.7%). The overall mortality rate was 10.2% for the elderly patients. Conclusion: In this Korean study, unlike the foreign studies, the most common cause of poisoning in elderly patients was intentional poisoning. The admission rate was 68.8% and mortality rate was 10.2%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2012

Using artificial neural network (ANN) technique, auction prices for common mackerel were forecasted with the daily total sale and auction price data at the Busan Cooperative Fish Market before introducing Total Allowable Catch (TAC) system, when catch data had no limit in Korea. Virtual input data produced from actual data were used to improve the accuracy of prediction and the suitable neural network was induced for the prediction. We tested 35 networks to be retained 10, and found good performance network with regression ratio of 0.904 and determination coefficient of 0.695. There were significant variations between training and verification errors in this network. Ideally, it should require more training cases to avoid over-learning, which leads to improve performance and makes the results more reliable. And the precision of prediction was improved when environmental factors including physical and biological variables were added. This network for prediction of price and catch was considered to be applicable for other fishes.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.284-288
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• 2004

Spontaneous perforation of the biliary duct is a rare disease that must be treated immediately when diagnosed in infancy. This disease must be suspected in a previously healthy infant who suddenly has abdominal distension, ascites, and intermittent jaundice. The best way to diagnose the leakage of bile in a clinically stable infant is to use radionuclide hepatobiliary scan. In most cases, however, the diagnosis of the perforation of common bile duct is frequently made during the procedure of operative cholangiogram. The prognosis is usually good with early diagnosis. We experienced an infant of 4 months of age who presented with sudden abdominal distension, jaundice and acholic stool, and confirmed the diagnosis of perforation of common bile duct through operative cholangiogram with t-tube insertion. We report a case of spontaneous perforation in an infant with review of the literatures.

• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2010

Common reed (Fragmites australis), a local invasive grass, was investigated as a possible feedstock for the production of activated carbon. Dried crushed stems were subjected to impregnation with phosphoric acid (30, 40 and 50%) followed by pyrolysis at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ with final washing and drying. Obtained carbons were characterized by determining: carbon yield, ash content, slurry pH, textural properties and capacity to remove color bodies from factory-grade sugar liquor. Produced carbons possessed surface area up to 700 $m^2/g$, total pore volumes up to 0.37 $cm^3/g$, and proved to be microporous in nature. Decolorization of hot sugar liquor at $80^{\circ}C$ showed degrees of color removal of 60 up to 77% from initial color of 1100~1300 ICU, at a carbon dose of 1.0 g/100 ml liquor. No correlation seems to hold between synthesis conditions and % R but depends on the degree of microporosity. A commercial activated carbon N showed a comparative better color removal capacity of 91%. Common reed proved to be a viable carbon precursor for production of good adsorbing carbon suitable for decolorization in the sugar industry, as well as in other environmental remediation processes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1985

Changes in fish jelly forming ability of pretreated and frozen common carp and conger eel were examined. Four kinds of pretreated samples were prepared such as round, mechanically separated meat using fishmeat separator, chopped and water washed meat and fish meat paste. The quality of pretreated samples and fish jelly products made from pretreated sample were generally in good condition for three months of frozen storage at $-30^{\circ}C$. Judging from fish jelly forming ability, the round state of common carp was superior to other pretreated samples during frozen storage. In case of conger eel, fish meat paste revealed totter jelly forming ability than any other pretreated samples during frozen storage.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1197-1207
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• 2014

Common-mode voltage (CMV) causes overvoltage stress to winding insulation and damages AC motors. CMV with high dv/dt causes leakage currents, which create noise problems for equipment installed near the converter. This study proposes a new pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy for three-level T-type NPC inverters. This strategy substantially eliminates CMV. The principle for selecting suitable triangle carrier signals for the three-level T-type NPC is described. The proposed method can mitigate the peak value of CMV by 50% compared with the phase disposition pulse-width modulation method. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits better harmonic spectrum and lower root mean square value for the CMV than those of the reduced-CMV method on the basis of the phase opposition disposition PWM scheme with modulation index higher than 0.5. The proposed modulation can easily be implemented using software without any additional hardware modifications. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed carrier phase-shift PWM method has good output waveform performance and reduces CMV.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2005

Objective: Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children is not common and very different compared to adults. We analyze the etiology, hemorrhagic type, clinical features, and outcome of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children. Methods: Twenty-nine patients under 17years of age with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively. Neonates were excepted. We reviewed their medical records in regard to their age, symptoms, radiologic findings, treatment, and prognosis. Results: Among 29 patients, there were 17boys and 12girls. The average age was 10.2years. The most common presenting symptom was mental deterioration, and the most common cause was arteriovenous malformation. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children showed a better prognosis than in adults. Conclusion: Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children resulted mainly from vascular malformation and the prognosis is relatively good. More careful follow-up studies and active management are needed for better outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 1998

While the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is not in doubt, a variety of undesirable side effects are common. They can be a disincentive to good compliance with treatment, resulting in increased possibilities for relapse and hospitalization. They can be distressing and disabling and thus interfering with patient safety and quality of life. Furthermore, they may be counter-therapeutic by exacerbating the condition that the drug was prescribed for. In this article, we will provide an overview of management of antipsychotic- induced side effects, with a particular emphasis on the most common side effects as well as less common but serious side effects. In addition, some practical issues regarding the management of side effects will be discussed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.414-421
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• 1982

200 patients admitted to the Chest Surgery Department of Jeonbug National University Hospital from January, 1974 to December, 1981 were analyzed clinically. The ratio of male to female was 7: 1, which showed male predominance. Distribution of patients according to age disclosed that over half [62%] of the patients was social age between 20 and 49 years. The most common cause of chest trauma was traffic accident [39%], and the next were stab wound, fall down [17.5%], and hit [8.5%] in decreasing order. Common lesions due to chest trauma were as follows; rib fracture [51%], hemopneumothorax, hemothorax, and pneumothorax in decreasing number. The most common cause of rib fracture was traffic accident [50%] and the associated organ injuries were long bone fracture, head injury, spine and pelvic bone fracture, spleen rupture, and liver laceration. Hemothorax, pneumothorax, and hemopneumothorax were treated with insertion of thoracic catheter in 90 cases, pure thoracentesis in 11 cases, and emergency thoracotomy in 11 cases. In flail chest, 6 patients were treated by intramedullary insertion of Kirschner`s wire and the results were good. The incidence of complication was 17%, including atelectasis [11 cases], pyothorax, fibrothorax, pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure. Four patients were died [2%], and the causes were acute respiratory failure in 2 cases, spinal cord injury in one case and head injury in one case.