• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.169-179
• /
• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to research trends in the study of diabetes mellitus and to establish the future direction for its study. Methods : We reviewed oriental medicine papers published in the last twenty-three years(1980-2002). Results : 1. We researched 94 papers in 14 journals and the patterns of study were as follows: experimental studies were 53 (56.3%), reviewed studies were 20 (21.2%), clinical studies were 12 (12.7%) and case reports were 9 (9.8%). 2. The experimental studies (53) were divided into papers on efficiency testing of herbal medications (40) and acupuncture & moxibustion (13). 3. The reviewed studies showed that research has been carried out in the fields of cause, pathogenesis, principles for treating disease, acupuncture and moxibustion, herbal medication, exercise, and relation of sasang (사상) to diabetes mellitus. 4. The clinical studies showed that the research was carried out in the fields of follow up surveys for herbal medication efficiency testing, the relativity of diabetes mellitus to other diseases and sasang (사상). 5. In consequence of researching the case reports, there was no common prescription used meaningfully. Conclusions : We need more studies of diabetes mellitus by reaching for specific therapy.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2020

The current study is the first paper on FPT(failure of passive transfer) of horse population in Korea. The object of this study was to comparison of immune status normal and patient horses. Failure of passive transfer is the most common immunodeficiency disorder of horses. Twenty-two foals and 18 horses from Jeju of the equine hospital were diagnosed with the SNAP Foal IgG Test Kit. All adult horses had normal immune functions (≥800 mg/dl). Thirteen of the 22 newborn babies (59%; ∠800 mg/dl) had a weak immune function but recovered and survived after treatment. Nine of these 22 are horses with strong immunity (≥800 mg/dl), indicating that high IgG concentrations in the blood can cause infectious diseases. There were a total of six dead, four of which were infectious diseases. In addition, early identification of infectious diseases in newborn foals is expected to help prepare systematic health management measures for the development of the disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.16
• /
• pp.6973-6979
• /
• 2015

Background: Ovarian cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in Indian women. Despite an initial 70-80% response rate, most patients relapse within 1-2 years and develop chemoresistance. Hence, identification or repositioning of drugs to resensitise ovarian cancer cells to existing chemotherapy is needed. Traditionally immortalized cell lines have been used in research, but these may contain genetic aberrations and chromosomal abnormalities serving as poor indicators of normal cell phenotype and progression of early-stage disease. The use of primary cells, maintained for only short periods of time in vitro, may serve as the best representative for studying in vivo conditions of the tissues from which they are derived. In this study we have attempted to evaluate the effect of metformin (an antidiabetic drug) in primary ovarian cancer cells because of its promising effect in other solid tumours. Materials and Methods: Primary cultures of epithelial ovarian cancer cells established from ascitic fluid of untreated ovarian cancer patients were used. The cells were treated with metformin at doses standardized by MTT assay and its ability to induce apoptosis was studied. The cells were analysed for apoptosis and apoptosis related proteins by flow cytometry and western blotting respectively. Results: Metformin induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, provoking cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and S phase. It induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by, down-regulating Bcl-2 and up-regulating Bax expression. Conclusions: Metformin was able to induce apoptosis in primary ovarian cancer cells by modulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. These data are relevant to ongoing translational research efforts exploring the chemotherapeutic potential of metformin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.2655-2660
• /
• 2016

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer and remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Heterogeneity regarding recurrence, tumor progression and therapeutic response reflects the inadequacy of traditional prognostic factors and underlies interest in new genetic and molecular markers. In this work, we studied the prognostic value of the expression of 9 proteins, Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, PSA, HER2, E-cadherin, $p21^{WAF1/Cip1}$, $p27^{Kip1}$ and $p16^{ink4a}$ in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 50 prostate cancers diagnosed in Pathology Department of Farhet Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, during a period of 12 months. Clinico-pathological data and survival were investigated. Protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on archived material. Results: Expression or over-expression of Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, PSA, HER2, E-Cadherin, $p21^{WAF1/Cip1}$, $p27^{Kip1}$ and $p16^{ink4a}$ was observed in 68%, 24%, 32%, 78%, 12%, 90%, 20%, 44% and 56% of cases, respectively. Overall five-year survival was 68%. A statistically significant correlation was observed between death occurrence and advanced age (p=0.018), degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.0001), perineural invasion (p=0.016) and metastasis occurrence (p=0.05). Death occurrence was significantly correlated with the expression of p53 (p=0.007), Bcl-2 (p=0.02), Ki-67 (p=0.05) and $p27^{Kip1}$ (p=0.04). Conclusions: The p53, Bcl-2, Ki-67 and $p27^{Kip1}$ proteins may be useful additional prognostic markers for prostate cancer. The use of these proteins in clinical practice can improve prognosis prediction, disease screening and treatment response of prostatic cancer.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.495-509
• /
• 2009

Objective : Membranous nephropathy(MN) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease and a relatively common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults worldwide. But treatment of MN is not defined. This study was to evaluate the effects of Acasia Catechu extract(ACE) on the MN induced by cBSA in mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 4 groups. The normal group was injected with a saline solution. The control group was treated with cBSA(10 mg/kg i.p.) only. The third group was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg i.p.) and ACE (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The fourth group was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p.) and ACE (500mg/kg, p.o.). After cBSA and ACE treatment for 6 weeks, we measured change of body weight, 24hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IFN-$\gamma$, IgA, IgM and IgG levels. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope. Results : The levels of 24 hrs proteinuria, total cholesterol, triglyceride, IgG, IgM, IgA, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IFN-$\gamma$ significantly decreased in both ACE groups. The level of albumin significantly increased in both ACE groups. The mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ in splenocytes considerably decreased in the ACE-500 group. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM decreased in both ACE groups. Conclusions : This study shows that ACE might be effective for treatment of MN. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2012

$Mycoplasma$ $pneumoniae$ (MP), the smallest self-replicating biological system, is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, leading to a wide range of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. MP pneumonia has been reported in 10 to 40% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher proportion during epidemics. MP infection is endemic in larger communities of the world with cyclic epidemics every 3 to 7 years. In Korea, 3 to 4-year cycles have been observed from the mid-1980s to present. Although a variety of serologic assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are available for the diagnosis of MP infections, early diagnosis of MP pneumonia is limited by the lack of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies and variable PCR results in the early stages of the infection. Thus, short-term paired IgM serologic tests may be mandatory for an early and definitive diagnosis. MP infection is usually a mild and self-limiting disease without specific treatment, and if needed, macrolides are generally used as a first-choice drug for children. Recently, macrolide-resistant MP strains have been reported worldwide. However, there are few reports of apparent treatment failure, such as progression of pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome despite macrolide treatment. The immunopathogenesis of MP pneumonia is believed to be a hyperimmune reaction of the host to the insults from MP infection, including cytokine overproduction and immune cell activation (T cells). In this context, immunomodulatory treatment (corticosteroids or/and intravenous Ig), in addition to antibiotic treatment, might be considered for patients with severe infection.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 1992

Benign peripheral nerve tumors, although infrequent, must be considered as a possible cause of pain and disability in the extremities. There are three varieties of these tumors that are of clinical importance: neurilemmomas, neurofibromas, and post-traumatic neuroma. Neurilemmomas are the most common primary solitary tumor of the peripheral nerve trunks, and are almost always benign, Neurofibromas may occur as a solitary nerve tumor, but can present as multiple lesions as in von Recklinghausen's disease. Clinically, this tumor may presents as a solitary mass in the subcutaneous tissue which is centrally located with the nerve fibers travelling through the tumor mass. Traumatic neuroma is the proliferation of nerve elements with connective tissue during the process of regeneration from severed nerves undergoing Wallerian degeration, and is therefore not a true neoplasm. A neuroma-in-countinuity is the result of partial severance of a nerve, or of a crushing or traction injury in which all or part of the epineurium and perineurium is intact. We experienced each of the three varieties. With magnification, the neurilemmoma was removed by meticulous dissection from the parent nerve preserving the normal fascicles to which it was attached. The neurofibroma was excised and the nerve was reconstructed with interposed vein graft and the neuroma-in-continuity was excised and reconstructed with sural nerve graft. We report histologic characteristics of each tumors and the methods to repair the nerve defects after tumor excision with brief discussion.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.207-223
• /
• 2001

The Wonyenaejang is equivalent to the (senile)cataract in western medicine. The word cataract is used to describe the natural lens that has turned cloudy. As the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, it does not allow light to pass through it. Cataracts usually start as a slight cloudiness that progressively grows more opaque. As the cataract becomes more mature(increasingly opaque and dense), the retina receives less and less light. The light that does reach the retina becomes increasingly blurred and distorted. This causes gradual impairment of vision. If left untreated, cataracts can cause needless blindness. Although there are many kinds of cataracts, a senile cataract is the most common one. We chose the oriental medicine textbooks and the oriental medicine journals that were dealing with the symptoms, etiology, and internal/external treatments. The results were as follows : 1. The main causes of this disease are weak liver and kidney, burning up of the wind and heat in the liver and gall, weak spleen and stomach. 2. As the internal treatment of the Cataract, Geegukjihwangtang is mostly prescribed. 3. As the external treatment of the Cataract, (l) In the field of medicine for external application is commonly prescribed (2) In the field of drug action, frequently used treatments are as follows. emission of the evil, alleviation of fever, removal of lump of blood, and the medicine for external applications. (3) In the field of four Qi, cold medicine is commonly prescribed. (4) In the field of five tastes, bitter/hot/sweet mdicine are commonly prescribed. (5) In the field of toxicity, non-togic medicine is commonly prescribed. (6) In the field of channel distribution, most of the medicine belong to liver channel.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4491-4499
• /
• 2012

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women in the world and the most common cause of deaths from cancer in females. In Turkey, breast cancer comes first in the list of the most frequent ten cancer types seen in women. As the incidence rate of breast cancer is high, many women having breast cancer in the family experience the breast cancer at secondhand. This study was carried out in an attempt to determine the information and support needs of women whose first-degree relatives have breast cancer and to what extent these needs are met. Methods: The research sample consisted of 156 women. Questionnaire Form and Information and Support Needs Questionnaires were used as the data collection tools. Results: Information need score averages ($x^-:3.72{\pm}0.19$) of women included in the research sampling were found to be higher than their score averages of support needs ($x^-:3.24{\pm}0.41$). Conclusion: Information needs which were indicated by women as very important were related to treatment, symptoms of breast cancer and breast self examination (BSE), while support needs which were indicated by women as very important were learning how to perform BSE, women's anxiety for themselves and their relatives regarding breast cancer and having their breasts examined by a health professional. It is recommended that nurses and other medical staff should give information to women whose first-degree relatives have breast cancer about the disease, its etiology, scanning, diagnosis, treatment options and protection as well as prevention.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.581-587
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of patients visiting the emergency department (ED). Abdominal pain is caused by a variety of causes, so it is difficult for a triage nurse to determine the urgency of a patient, but it is still a must. The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors to the urgent diseases of patients with abdominal pain visiting ED. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study. The study setting was an ED in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected from September 1, 2017 to October 15, 2017. During the study period, of a total of 6,181 patients visiting the ED, 731 complained of abdominal pain. Patients with obvious cause of pain and patients who could not express detailed symptoms were excluded. The 573 patients were included in the final analysis. We collected demographics, clinical characteristics, and final diagnosis. We divided final diagnoses into urgent diseases which were more likely to be life-threatening without treatment and non-urgent diseases. We identified the related factors to the urgent diseases of patients with abdominal pain using the logistic regression. Results: 173 (30.2%) patients had urgent diseases. Age (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.00~1.03), referral from other clinics (OR=2.92, 95% CI=1.86~4.60), ambulance utilization (OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.27~3.15), diarrhea (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.25~0.76), and tachycardia (OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.44~3.58) were related to urgent diseases. Conclusion: Triage nurse should take into account the patient's age, mode of visiting, and route of visiting ED; and check the symptom of tachycardia or diarrhea.