• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2006

Six-hundred bacterial strains from human milk and milk from Sahiwal cows, Holstein Friesian cows, and buffaloes were screened for their ability to suppress phytopathogenic fungi under in vitro conditions. A consortium of 3 strains, viz., Bacillus lentimorbus B-30486 (B-30486), B. subtilis B-30487 (B-30487), and B. lentimorbus B-30488 (B-30488), isolated from Sahiwal cow milk resulted in better biological control and plant-growth promotion than single-strain treatments. For commercial-scale production of a bioinoculant, the solid-state fermentation of sugarcane agro-industrial residues, i.e., molasses, press mud, and spent wash, using the consortium of B-30486, B-30487, and B-30488, resulted in a value-added product, useful for enhancing plant growth. The application of the consortium to sugarcane fields infested with Fusarium moniliforme and Colletotrichum falcatum resulted in a reduction of mortality and significantly higher (P=0.05) plant height, number of tillers, and cane girth when compared with the control. Furthermore, under field conditions, the treatment of sugarcane with the consortium resulted in significantly (P=0.05) greater plant growth compared with nonbacterized plants. Accordingly, this is the first report on the effective use of bacteria isolated from milk for biological control and enhancing plant growth under field conditions. Furthormore, a solid-state fermentation technology was developed that facilitates the economic utilization of agro-industrial residues for environmental conservation and improving plant and soil health.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.240-244
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• 2013

To evaluate utilization of persimmon peels as novel bio-materials, the general composition and antioxidant activities of Daebong persimmon vinegar (DPV), Daebong persimmon peel vinegar (DPPV) and commercial persimmon vinegar (CPV) were investigated. The pH of DPPV had slightly higher than that of other vinegars. The titratable acidities of vinegars were 3.24% (DPV), 2.77% (DPPV) and 7.78% (CPV), respectively. The reducing sugar contents showed that DPV had slightly higher than that of other vinegars. The browning degree of DPV was lower than CPV in contrast to the turbidity. The results of Hunter's color value have showed that overall values of CPV had significantly higher than DPPV and DPV. The total phenolic contents of DPV and CPV were 19.49 and 17.13 mg/100g GAE, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of DPPV (8.04 mg/100g CE) were two fold higher than that of DPV (3.85 mg/100g CE). The antioxidant activities, by DPPH and FRAP assays, of DPV showed stronger than those of other vinegars. Free sugars were mainly composed of fructose and glucose. Organic acids were presented in the order acetic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and oxalic acid. These results suggest that the Daebong persimmon peels could be utilized for vinegar production as a health-benefit material.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.42-48
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• 2001

The spent liquor (BSL) obtained from alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone (AS-AQ) cooking of pine bark was applied as a deinking agent. In the ONP deinking system, although BSL removed the small size of ink particles (${\geq}$$12.5{\mu}m$), it did not improve the brightness of pulp. The brightness of pulp slightly improved when treated with BSL at 150~$180^{\circ}C$. However, the brightness of the pulp was lower than that of a commercial deinking agent (oleic acid). It seems that BSL treated with a high temperature still had a high dispersing ability on the ink particles. Intensive oxidations were introduced, and remarkable deinking effects were observed at 13kgf/$cm^2$ oxygen pressure, $160^{\circ}C$ and 2h. When BSL treated at 13kgf/$cm^2$ oxygen pressure, $170^{\circ}C$ and a time period of 30~90 min is added to the pulp, at 0.1% or lower, the deinking effect became higher than that of oleic acid. On the other hand, additional alkali treatments during the oxidation possibility as a deinking agent when oxidized. However, since the oxidized BSL still has a high dispersing ability and lower molecular weight, several modifications need to be done in the near future in order to be applied as a high quality deinking agent.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.4 s.8
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• pp.64-69
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• 2006

There is a worldwide interest in the development and commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells [PEMFCs] for vehicular and stationary applications. One of the major objectives is the reduction of loaded electrode materials, which is comprise of the Pt-based noble metals. In this paper, a novel chemical strategy is described for the preparation and characterization of carbon-supported and surface-alloys, which were prepared by using a successive reduction process. After preparing Au colloid nanoparticles, the supporting of Au colloid nanoparticles occurred spontaneously in the carbon black-dispersed aqueous solution. Then nano-scaled active materials were formed on the surface of carbon-supported Au nanoparticles. The structural and electrochemical analyses indicate that the active materials were deposited on the surface of Au nanoparticles selectively and that an alloying process occurred during the successive reducing process. The carbon-supported & surface-alloys showed the higher electrocatalytic activity than those of the particle-alloys and commercial one [Johnson-Matthey] for the reaction of methanol and formic acid oxidation. The increased electrocatalytic activity might be attributed to the effective surface structure of surface-alloys, which have a high utilization of active materials for the surface reaction of electrode.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2006

Inter-specific hybridization between Pleurotus pulmonarius and P. florida was attempted through PEG-induced protoplast fusion to select a fusant. The protocol for protoplast release, regeneration and fusion in these two Pleurotus species was standardized using the variables controlling the process. The mixture of mycolytic enzymes, i.e. commercial cellulase, crude chitinase and pectinase, KCl (0.6 M) as osmotic stabilizer, pH 6 of the phosphate buffer and an incubation time of 3 hours resulted in the maximum release of protoplasts from 3-day-old mycelia of P. florida ($5.3{\sim}5.75{\times}10^{7}$ protoplasts/g) and P. pulmonarius ($5.6{\sim}6{\times}10^{7}$ protoplasts/g). The isolated protoplasts of P. florida regenerated mycelium with 3.3% regeneration efficiency while P. pulmonarius showed 4.1% efficiency of regeneration. Polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-induced fusion of protoplasts of these two species resulted in 0.28% fusion frequency. The fusant produced fruiting bodies on paddy straw but required a lower temperature of crop running ($24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) than its parents which could fruit at $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. The stable fusant strain was selected by testing for the selected biochemical markers i.e. Carbendazim tolerance and utilization of the lignin degradation product, vanillin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2001

본 연구는 상품화된 육수 재료의 이용 현황 및 소비자 의견을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었고 이를 위해 서울에 거주하는 500명의 주부를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 사용하는 제품의 종류는 분말형이 가장 많았고 시간 절약과 편리함이 상품화된 육수재료를 사용하는 가장 주된 이유였다. 또한 육수 재료를 사용하는 방법으로는 육류로 만든 육수에 섞어서 사용하는 방법이 가장 많이 쓰이고 있었다. 상품화된 육수 재료의 기호도에 대해서는 응답자의 81%가 상품화된 육수에 대해 '좋아하지 않는다'라고 하였다. 좋아하지 않는 가장 큰 이유는 '첨가제에 대한 염려와 인공조미료 때문'이었다. 연령이 높고 결혼지속년수가 길수록 상품화된 육수 재료를 좋아하지 않는 비율은 높아졌다. 상품화된 육수가 품질만 보장된다면 응답자의 75%는 사용할 의사가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 나머지는 아무리 좋은 품질이라 해도 육수는 직접 제조하겠다고 응답하였다. 60대 이상의 응답자들만은 상품화된 육수를 사용하지 않겠다는 비율이 더 높아 60대 이상의 고령층은 상품화된 육수 제품에 대해 가장 거부감이 큰 연령대인 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과, 상품화된 육수의 수요는 크나 시판되는 제품들에 대한 만족도는 낮은 것으로 나타났으므로 소비자 요구를 반영한 육수 제품에 대한 연구가 시급한 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.82-85
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• 2003

This dissertation describes an optimization method for fabricating thick films with superconducting YBCO powders by electrophoresis technique. The lateral alternating applied voltage caused to shake the superconducting powder vertically to the deposition field during the process of the oriented deposition so that it was deposited along the c-axis on the silver tape with shaky-aligned EPD. As the result, the optimized thin film fabrication method was obtained to get more dense and uniform surface morphology as well as the improved critical current density. For commercial utilization and efficiency, in this dissertation, alternating voltage of 25-120 V/cm in frequency of 60Hz was proposed to apply it as a subsidiary source for shaky-flow deposition so that the fabricated thin film showed uniform surface morphology with less voids and cracks and $T_{c.zero}$ of 90 K and the critical current density of $3419A/cm^2$.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2013

Cloud service (Amazon Web Services, etc.) to take advantage of the growing global competitiveness of small and medium companies with online services (eg Zynga, paprika wrap) are strenthening the growing global competitiveness by taking advantage of cloud utilization, and financial market analysis services by cloud use have appeared, but the domestic company's cloud still staying in the low-level. SMEs in Korea IT infrastructure needs as well as commercial services such as simulation, test environment configuration, to perform tasks that require a step-by-step in the product development process, which requires different IT Infrastructure Outsourcing workforce commitment, according to the rapid changes in the size of the organization's efficient IT infrastructure such as cloud services because of the lack of capacity to respond to a sudden demand for IT measures required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2017

Three swine farms which were suffering from slight economic loss due to suckling piglets' diarrhea, were selected to apply commercialized multivalent vaccine for sow use; $SUISENG^{(R)}$ (Hipra, Spain). Farms were pre-diagnosed with clinical symptoms and molecular detection of C. perfringens Type A and C and E. coli pili by PCR. Sows were vaccinated twice 2 ml of the vaccine at 6 and 3 weeks ante partum intramuscularly according to the manufacturer's instruction. All vaccinated sows did not show any adverse reaction or clinical signs; hypersensitivity, fever, granuloma or abscess on the injection site, appetite loss, and so on. Also, no reproductive disorder was appeared in vaccinated sows compared with non-vaccinated control sows. The results suggested that piglets born from vaccinated sows show significantly better performance in regard of the diarrhea index and mean daily weight gain compared with piglets from non-vaccinated sows. Therefore, the commercial vaccine for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea is found to be effective in reducing diarrhea in the first suckling period of piglets after birth.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.209-218
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• 2008

The growth in services has focused issues of service quality both for commercial enterprises and across a range of public services and government institutions. The education sector, in particular, has undergone radical change to meet the needs of its varied constituents. This paper examines key issues in internal service, customer satisfaction, service quality, relational commitment as they apply in one particular education sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze effect of internal service on customer satisfaction, educational service quality. First, In the dimension of internal service, many factors affect internal customer's evaluation for overall satisfaction. They are categorized as five factors; tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy. The results of this study supported the proposed conceptual framework overall. Therefore, we identified that internal service quality is the antecedent of an internal customer satisfaction, and the consequent variables of an internal customer satisfaction are educational service quality, external customer satisfaction. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, some factors(tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) affected positively internal customer satisfaction. Second, external service quality affected positively educational service quality, external satisfaction. In other words, the more internal customers have experienced internal service, the higher internal service quality deliver educational service quality.