• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2016

The effects of fermented fecal solid diets on the growth of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was investigated in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) during a 90-day experiment at 16.5-17.5℃, 32±0.5 psu salinity, pH 7.9-8.2, and 5.2-7.1 mg/L dissolved oxygen. The aim was to determine the feasibility of RAS fecal solid waste as a renewable feed for A. japonicus. In this study, unfermented fecal solid (UF), fermented fecal solid (FF), and commercial feed (CF) diets were used. The results showed that the growth rate did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between A. japonicus fed FF and CF; however, the growth rates of A. japonicus fed FF and CF were ~50% higher than that of those fed UF. Thus, utilization of fecal solid by A. japonicus may overcome the problem regarding accumulation of RAS waste. Use of a fermentation process would improve utilization of fecal solid as a renewable food source for A. japonicus.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.506-512
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• 2011

This study was conducted to validate the theoretical feasibility of a technique to identify biomarkers in Korean native black pig (KNP) and a commercial Landrace breed. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we found six proteins (NADH dehydrogenase Fe-S protein 1, an unnamed protein product, similar to T-complex protein 1, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, fatty acid-binding protein, and catechol O-methyltransferase), which appeared in KNP alone. We raised polyclonal antibodies (used as the primary antibody) for Western blotting to confirm the characteristics of the six KNP proteins. As a result, catechol O-methyltransferase, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, and the unnamed protein product presented thicker bands in KNP than those in Landrace. Moreover, catechol O-methyltransferase was shown to be more feasible as a biomarker for KNP. However, cross-reactivity was observed with the polyclonal antibodies for KNP and the other three proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, a protein similar to T-complex protein 1, and fatty acid-binding protein). This study only showed limited results from a limited number of animals; however, our research suggests possibilities for future studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.315-321
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• 1992

The utilization of feeding white sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniwhite) seeds supplemented with the limiting amino acids were investigated in day-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks. These were fed a commercial chick mash for the first 10 days and on a semi-synthetic protein-free diet for the next 6 days. For the subsequent 6 days of experimental feeding period, the birds were fed on the protein-free diet, basal diet containing 9.31% of lupin seed meal (LSM) protein, diets supplemented with methionine, methionine + tryptophan or methionine + tryptophan + lysine in the basal diet, and diet containing 9.84% of soybean meal (SBM) protein. When the LSM protein was supplemented with methionine, protein intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were increased (p<0.05). The birds excreted lower urinary nitrogen and fecal nitrogen per protein comsumption, had improved apparent (AD) and true (TD) digestibility but did not alter biological value (BV) of the protein. Metabolizability (MEn/GE) and heat production (HP) per MEn intake (HP/MEn) was lowered while energy retention (ER) was highered (p<0.05) compared with those of the basal diet. Also the body weight gain, PER, NPR and ER was increased but the BV and HP/MEn was lowered compared with those of the SBM protein. The results indicated that lupin seed supplemented with methionine increase body weight gain and energy rentention but did not alter biological value compared with those of lupin seed and soybean meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1136-1141
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• 2011

Effect of dietary essential oils on growth, feed utilization and meat yields of white leg shrimp L. vannamei was investigated. White shrimp fry weighing 0.62 g were kept in one of 12 tanks (75 head/500 L holding tank) in a closed recirculation system. Four experimental diets, a commercial diet (control), phytoncide oil (PO), oregano oil (OO) and fermented garlic liquid (GL) were fed for 16 weeks. The mean water quality values for the whole experimental period were $27.8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $7.6{\pm}0.3$, $15.5{\pm}0.3$ g/L and $6.1{\pm}0.3$ mg/L for water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen, respectively. At the end of the trial, 10 shrimp per tank were randomly sampled and meat yields (%) were evaluated after peeling the shell and removing the head. After a 16 week feeding trial, final weight of shrimp ranged from 21.9 g to 23.6 g. Feed conversion was not significantly different among groups (p>0.05), which was the lowest (1.95) in the control and highest (2.30) in the PO. Specific growth rate was also not significantly different (p>0.05) and ranged from 3.18% to 3.25%. Average daily gain of 0.2 g was obtained in all treatments. Mortality varied from 35.1% for control to 44.9% for OO. Meat yields maintained constant at 52.1% for control to 53.0% for PO. The study suggested that natural essential oils could not exert any improvement in growth performance, mortality and meat yields of white leg shrimp.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

A number of researches have been carried out regarding the utilization of nanocellulose(crystalline nanocellulose, microfibrillated cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose) for the manufacture of various kinds of composites and functional products. However, only few research works on the manufacturing characteristics of nanocellulose could be found, although some companies started already the production of nanocellulose in commercial scale. However, the most important thing in commercializing of production and utilization of nanocellulose is to develop the economical and efficient process. Thus, this study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of refining, alkaline pre-treatment and grinder clearance on the characteristics of microfibrillated cellulose and energy consumption. There was no significant differences in crystalline index with the degree of microfibrillation. The initial fibrillation could be improved by refining pre-treatment, but its effect was not observed anymore since the fibrillation was done up to certain level by grinding. Refining pre-treatment did not improved the energy efficiency. Alkaline pre-treatment can be helpful because the swelling of pulp fiber will facilitate fibrillation. It was found that the decrease in grinder clearance was helpful to improve the energy efficiency.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2015

Purpose: Quick freezing is widely used in commercial food storage. Well-known freezing techniques such as individual quick freezing require a low-temperature coolant and small cuts for the heat-transfer efficiency. However, the freezing method for bulk food resembles techniques used in the 1970s. In this study, electromagnetic (EM) heating was applied to improve the quick freezing of bulk food. Methods: During freezing, the surface of food can be rapidly cooled by an outside coolant, but the inner parts of the food cool slowly owing to the latent heat from the phase change. EM waves can directly heat the inner parts of food to prevent it from freezing until the outer parts finish their phase change and are cooled rapidly. The center temperature of garlic cloves was probed with optical thermo sensors while liquid nitrogen (LN) was sprayed. Results: When EM heating was applied, the center cooling time of the garlic cloves from freezing until $-10^{\circ}C$ was 48 s, which was approximately half the value of 85 s obtained without EM heating. For the white radish cubes, the center cooling time was also improved, from 288 to 132 s. The samples frozen by LN spray with EM heating had a closer hardness to the unfrozen samples than the samples frozen by LN only. Conclusions: The EM heating during quick freezing functions to maintain the hardness of fresh food by reducing the freezing time from 0 to $-10^{\circ}C$.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.11 no.6 s.116
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• pp.75-83
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• 1979

In order to evaluate the effect of lipids on the utilization of the energy and protein of the diet, the isocaloric and isoprotein diets added with mutton fat, tallow, and lecithin at the levels of two percent and five percent were prepared. The growth of chicken and the feed efficiency were observed on hatched chicken which were fed a commercial diet for the first week, with starters for the next four weeks, and with finisher diets for the last three weeks respectively during the eight weeks of the experiment. Growth rate, feed efficiency, and average body weight gain per day were similar among the chicken fed diets containing various lipids or at the levels of two percent and five percent. The metabolize energy of the diets was found to be from 2.713 kcal to 3.059 kcal per gram, and the metabolizability of the gross energy was from 62 percent to 70 percent. Also the metabolizability of basal diet was higher as compared with the diets containing lipids. And the lower energy utiliztion was found in the broilers fed diets containing five percent lipids than those of two percent, showing not significant difference between them. Daily matabolizable energy of three week old brids ranged from 0.631 gr to 0.738 gr, which showed an increasing tendency on the birds fed five percent mutton fat and tallow in comparison with those of two percent. But the lecithin brought about a reverse tendency. The digestibility of crude fats was found to be from 48 percent to 76 percent, but bot significant difference among diets plus lipids or at the levels of two percent and five percent. The birds fed five percent mutton fat and tallow showed a tendency of lower digestibility as compared with those fed two percent, but the similar results were found between two percent and five percent lecithin fed to the birds. Then, it was tentatively concluded that the effect of the mutton fat on the energy and protein utilization was similar to tallow but resulted different tendency with lecithin.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.18-22
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• 2014

Satellite communications consist of communications between base stations of the ground and satellites. For efficient satellite communications, ground networks should be organically utilized. Grid networks are frequently used in and outside the country for wireless communications. The performance of wireless communications is determined by mobility, topography, and jamming signals. Therefore, continuous studies of grid networks are necessary for the utilization of next period satellite networks. Since military communications are used based on wireless systems, they can be considered as a sample of utilization of grid networks. Therefore, this paper presented the results of simulations conducted for the improvement of the performance of the grid networks used in military communications that employing the OSPF, a popular routing protocol for military applications. First we investigate the effects of changing the bit error rate (BER) and number of routers. Then we discuss the effects of maximum segment size (MSS) on network behavior and stability. In this way, we can determine the appropriate MSS for a grid network under various values of BER and number of routers. Such results can be also applied to commercial grid network evaluations.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.763-772
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• 2016

With the spread of smartphones containing multiple on-board sensors, the market for context aware applications have grown. However, due to the limited power capacity of a smartphone, users feel discontented QoS. Additionally, context aware applications require the utilization of many forms of context and sensing information. If context transition has occurred, types of needed sensors must be changed and each sensor modules need to turn on/off. In addition, excessive sensing has been found when the context decision is ambiguous. In this paper, we focus on power consumption associated with the context transition that occurs during indoor/outdoor detection, modeling the activities of the sensor associated with these contexts. And we suggest a freezing algorithm that reduces power consumption in context transition. We experiment with a commercial application that service is indoor/outdoor location tracking, measure power consumption in context transition with and without the utilization of the proposed method. We find that proposed method reduces power consumption about 20% during context transition.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.468-473
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• 2019

A $2{\times}4$ factorial feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of feed type and feeding frequency on the performance of sub-adult starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. Two feed types, sinking pellets (SP) and floating pellets (FP), were given to 480 fish housed in tanks. Triplicate groups of fish were fed each feed type at one of four feeding frequencies (one meal every two days, one meal per day, two meals per day, and three meals per day) for nine weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish were affected by feeding frequency. However, WG and SGR were the same in fish fed SP at two and three meals per day; similarly, there was no difference in WG or SGR of fish fed FP at one meal, two meals, or three meals per day. Feed utilization of fish was affected by both feed type and feeding frequency. These findings suggest that two meals per day of the SP or one meal per day of FP are sufficient for optimum growth performance of sub-adult starry flounder.