• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2014

In this study, two commercial PCR and ELISA test kits were examined for identification of eight animal species (beef, pork, chicken, duck, turkey, goat, lamb, and horse) from raw meat and meat products in Korea. The detection limit in RAW meat ELISA kit$^{(R)}$ on three types of meat samples blended with beef, pork and chicken, demonstrated that all meat species were differentiable down to 0.2%. RAW meat ELISA kit$^{(R)}$ on animal species resulted in differentiation rate of 94.5% for beef, 93.3% for pork, 90% for lamb, and 100% for chicken, duck, turkey, goat, and horse. In contrast, Powercheck Animal Species ID PCR kit$^{TM}$ resulted in 100% specificity at 0.05% limit of detection for all meat species. The detection limit of Cooked Meat ELISA kit$^{(R)}$ on mixed meat samples heat-treated with different temperatures and times, resulted in 0.1% for all heat-treated mixed meat except for chicken at 1.0%. Additionally, ELISA kit on sixty meat products resulted in specificity of 31.8% for ham, 13.6% for sausages, and 12.5% for ground processed products, and relatively low rate for more than 2 types of mixed meats. On the contrary, meat species differentiation using PCR kit showed higher percentage than that using ELISA kit$^{(R)}$: 50.0% for ham, 41.7% for sausages, and 28.6% for ground processed meat. Futhermore, PCR kit on 54 dried beef meats detected pork genes in 13 products whereas ELISA kit showed negative results for all products. Hence, the possibility of cross-contamination during manufacturing process was investigated, and it was found that identical tumblers, straining trays, cutters and dryers were used in both beef and pork jerky production line, suggesting the inclusion of pork genes in beef products due to cross-contamination. In this study, PCR and ELISA test kits were found to be excellent methods for meat species differentiation in raw meat and heat-processed mixed meat. However, lower differentiation rate demonstrated in case of meat processed products raised the possibility of inclusion of other species due to cross-contamination during manufacturing process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.896-898
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• 2012

Recently, many countries are making efforts for the development of ocean resources because the necessity and importance of the ocean resources are increased. Underwater sensor networks have emerged as a very powerful technique for many applications, including monitoring, measurement, surveillance and control and envisioned to enable applications for oceanographic data collection, ocean sampling, environmental and pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, tsunami and seaquake warning, assisted navigation, distributed tactical surveillance, and mine reconnaissance. The idea of applying sensor networks into underwater environments (i.e., forming underwater sensor networks) has received increasing interests in monitoring aquatic environments for scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, and military reasons. The data obtained by observing around the environment are wireless-transmitted by a radio set with various waves. According to the technical development of the medium set, some parameters restricted in observing the ocean have been gradually developed with the solution of power, distance, and corrosion and watertight by the seawater. The actual matters such as variety of required data, real-time observation, and data transmission, however, have not enough been improved just as various telecommunication systems on the land. In this paper, a wireless management system will be studied through a setup of wireless network available at fishery around the coast, real-time environmental observation with RF sensor, and data collection by a sensing device at the coastal areas.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

Age and growth of Glyptocephalus stelleri in the East Sea of Korea were determined, from monthly samples of commercial catches, caught by the eastern sea Danish seine fishery in 2007. The annuli of G. stelleri are formed once a year, with the boundary between opaque and translucent zones forming in September. Relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW) were $TW=0.002TL^{3.392}$ ($r^2=0.970$) for females and $TW=0.002TL^{3.335}$ ($r^2=0.961$) for males. TLs at annuli formation in otoliths were back-calculated from the otolith-length relationship and were adjusted to von Bertalanffy growth curves to $L_t=39.71(1-{\exp}^{(-0.152(t+1.156))})$ for females and $L_t=32.16(1-{\exp}^{(-0.213(t+0.879))})$ for males. From the age of 3 years, females grew faster than males (P<0.05).

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.139-153
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• 2012

The re-examination of morphological and anatomical characters of Laminaria appressirhiza and L. inclinatorhiza collected from different localities in the Sea of Okhotsk was performed. Despite their commercial and ecological importance to the region they have not been comprehensively reviewed since their first description in 1970. Our results show that some original diagnostic key characters (e.g., shape of holdfast, shape of sporangial sori, and dissection of blade) are not stable and have deviations from the type morphology when plants grow in different environments. In L. inclinatorhiza, the sporangial sori development occurred differently to the pattern indicated in original species description as they did not develop simultaneously on both sides of the blade. Instead, the sporangial sori outlines on both sides of the blade did not coincide at first and only became coincident later. Also, a deep-water population of L. inclinatorhiza with an unusual and interesting morphology, growing at depths of 15-25 m on opened rocky coasts in Taujskaya Bay (northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk) was found. The stable diagnostic key characters to distinguish these two species are the cone-like, multilayered, very thick and massive holdfast (in L. inclinatorhiza) and rolled margins of blades, lamellar rosette-like part of thallus, and sporangial sori developing only on one side of the blade (in L. appressirhiza). The ecological characteristics, distribution, and abundance of both species in the Sea of Okhotsk are discussed. Both species are perennial and widely distributed in the region. L. appressirhiza is more often found as a subdominant species among other kelps, forming maximum biomass and density of 7-9 kg and 8-25 plants per $1m^2$, respectively. L. inclinatorhiza sometimes forms local mono-species communities with maximum biomass and density of 10-12 kg and 10-15 plants per $1m^2$, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

A 8-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on the growth performance and hematological parameters of juvenile Caspian roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus (average weight $1.46{\pm}0.12g$ mean${\pm}$SD) reared under five photoperiods (24 h Light, 24L; 18 h Light & 6 h Dark, 18L:6D; 12 h Light & 12 h Dark, 12L:12D; 6 h Light & 18 h Dark, 6L:18D; 24 h Dark, 24D) with constant light intensity 1,500 lx on the water surface. Triplicate of 20 fish were allocated into each of 15 fiberglass tanks of 50 L capacity and they were fed three times per day with the commercial feed (SFK, Co., Sari - Iran) contains 50.0% protein and 10.5% lipid. At the end of experimental period, final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rates of fish exposed to 24L were significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 12L:12D, 6L:18D and 24D (P < 0.05). Red blood cell and hemoglobin of fish exposed to 24L were significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 24D. No significant difference observed in hematocrit, white blood cell and plasma glucose among the different treatments groups. Therefore, these results demonstrated that the growth performance of juvenile Caspian roach can be significantly stimulated by using 24L and 18L:6D photoperiods without any measurable significant stress response such as plasma glucose concentration.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.833-838
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• 2015

To develop a value-added product from individually quick-frozen oyster Crassostrea gigas extract (IQFOE), we prepared two types of oyster sauce (OS): bottled OS (BOS) and retort pouched OS (ROS). We investigated processing conditions, quality metrics and flavor compounds in each type of sauce. We found that the most appropriate base formular for both BOS and ROS consisted of 40.0% IQFOE (Brix $30^{\circ}$), 15.0% sugar, 6.0% salt, 4.0% monosodium glutamate, 4.0% soy sauce, 3.5% starch, 3.0% yeast extract, 3.5% wheat flour and 21.0% water. The crude protein, salinity and amino-nitrogen contents of the BOS and ROS were 8.2 and 8.3%, 9.3 and 9.2%, and 539.2 and 535.2 mg/100 g, respectively. In commercial oyster sauces (COS), these values were 4.7-6.5%, 9.7-12.0%, and 244.7-504.2 mg/100 g, respectively. The total free amino acids content of ROS was 7,346.9 mg/100 g, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, proline, glycine and alanine. The inosinic monophosphate (IMP) content of the ROS was 131.6 mg/100 g, and the primary inorganic ions were Na, K, S and P. The present BOS and ROS have favorable organoleptic qualities and storage stability compared with COS, and are suitable for commercialization as high-flavor seasoning sauces.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.772-778
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• 2016

To develop a value-added product from individually quick-frozen oysters Crassostrea gigas (IQFO), we prepared a retort pouched oyster soup (RPOS) from IQFOs and characterized its processing conditions and quality metrics. We found that the most appropriate manufacturing process for the RPOS consisted of half-thawing and washing raw IQF oysters, blanching, adding them to the retort pouch along with other ingredients (base soup stock, IQF oyster extract, radish, bean sprouts, garlic, and red pepper), sealing, retort sterilization ($120^{\circ}$, F0-value 10 min.), cooling, and packaging inspection. The moisture, crude protein, pH and salinity of the RPOS were 91.0%, 2.8%, 6.20 and 0.9%, respectively. The total amino acid content of the RPOS was 2,163.8 mg/100 g, and the main amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, proline, lysine and arginine. The primary inorganic ions were Na, K, S and Zn. In taste compounds, total free amino acid content was 313.4 mg/100 g, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, proline, hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, lysine and arginine. This RPOS has good storage stability and organoleptic qualities compared with commercial retort pouched shellfish soup, and is suitable for commercialization as a value-added instant seafood soup.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.143-161
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• 2015

This study presents a comparative analysis on mackerel distribution process and price formation process, and investigation of price and margin between traditional markets and Large-scale discount store distribution channel. Through this, the study investigated distribution efficiency of each channel, and examined whether a difference of distribution efficiency leads to a difference of performance through the investigation of a difference of function and role between members of a wholesale market and vendor of Large scale discount store. The following are the results of this study. As a consequence of investigating supply and sum by distribution channel of mackerel, it appeared that mackerels shipped from port market are distributed into 9 consumption sites(Wholesale market, Large scale discount store, Institutional Food Service, etc.). In the comparison of distribution efficiency between traditional retail store and Large scale discount store 52.0% margin is formed in traditional retail store distribution channel and 43.1% margin is formed in Large scale discount store, and a distribution cost rate consists of 19.4% cost in a traditional retail store for fishery products and 18.1% cost in a Large-scale discount store. To analyze a difference of performance, the study examine a difference of role and function between vendor and Wholesale market company, wholesaler and middleman. Wholesale market company and middleman of wholesale market for consumer have slightly high or similar score in collection function, sorting function, evaluation function and financial function which are traditional and original. However, it was confirmed that vendor has a better score in other functions, that is, newly-demanded functions(ex : market frontier function, product development function, Integral Distribution Function, etc.).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2009

A Korean trawl fishery was conducted on the Emperor Seamounts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean from 2005 to 2007. Total catches were 750 mt, 460 mt and 440 mt in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Splendid alfonsino (Beryx splendens) and North Pacific armorhead (Pseudopentaceros wheeleri) were dominant in the commercial fisheries on the Emperor Seamounts during 2005-2007. Biomass of each species was estimated by the swept area method from March 2005 to August 2007. During three years, average biomass of Splendid alfonsino and North Pacific armorhead were 791 mt and 266 mt, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.611-620
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• 2008

The process of sediment transport has a very complex mechanism due to waves, currents and bottom topography changes. Usually, beach erosion occurs from various causes such as non-equilibrium sediment transport condition, construction of seawall and rip currents. Therefore, when we try to reduce and develop countermeasures for beach erosion, we have to know the main mode and direction of sediment transport that causes beach erosion. In this study, the process of sediment transport on Jeonchon-Najung beach and main causes of beach erosion have been studied. Field investigation data, aerial photos and the results of numerical model test were used in the analysis. As a result, it was realized that the main causes of beach erosion at Jeonchon-Najung beach was due to the construction of fishery harbors and a seawall.