• 국제지역연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-173
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• 2014

평균 9% 성장이라는 외적인 성과와 달리 소득 격차, 빈부 격차 및 지역 격차 등의 사회적인 문제는 중국이 지금까지 이어온 성장세를 지속할 수 없을 것이라는 부정적 견해의 주요 원인이 되었다. 이러한 이유로 중국 정부는 CSR에 대한 제도적인 규정이 기업의 지속가능한 발전을 위한 선택적 사항이 아닌 필수적인 사항임을 인식하기 시작하였다. 특히 11.5규획이 시작되고 3차 개정 "회사법"이 시행된 2006년은 중국의 CSR 원년이라고 할 수 있다. 11.5규획에서 CSR을 처음 언급하며 사회적 관심을 불러일으켰다면, 개정 회사법에서는 사회적 책임이라는 단어를 처음으로 법률 조항에 삽입시켰다. 그리고 12.5규획에서는 '지속가능한 발전'을 핵심목표로 설정하고 본격적으로 CSR에 대한 구체적인 방안을 기업정책에 반영하고 있다. 은행의 사회적 책임은 은행고유의 산업적 특징으로 인하여 일반기업보다 더 구체적이고 강제적인 규정을 마련하고 있다. 우리나라 은행이 중국시장에 성공적으로 진출하고 안정화하기 위해서는 중국정부의 거시정책을 반영하고 적절한 대응방안을 마련하는 것이 중요할 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 중국정부의 중요 거시정책 중 하나인 CSR을 중심으로 논의를 전개하였다. 특히 상업은행의 사회적 책임이 은행법 체계에 어떻게 반영되어 있으며 문제점이 무엇인지, 그리고 향후 상업은행의 사회적 책임과 관련한 입법 방향에 대하여 연구하여 전략적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.231-250
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• 2016

본 연구는 선하증권이 발행된 국제무역거래에서 화물이 서류보다 일찍 도착하여 원본 선하증권 없이 화물을 인도 받기 위해 국제적으로 통용되고 있는 상관행인 수입화물선취보증서를 기존 연구와 다른 관점에서 고찰하고자 한다. 혼합결제방식 하에서 발행된 수입화물선취보증서의 보증책임 범위를 판례를 통해 분석하고 국제적인 상관행으로 자리잡고 있는 수입화물선취보증서의 원활한 활용을 위한 다음 두 개의 대안을 제언한다. 첫째, 혼합결제방식을 이용한 경우, 수출업자는 상업송장을 발행함에 있어 결제방식의 결제대금을 각각 분리해서 발급해야 수입화물선취보증서의 보증책임 한도에 대한 명확한 의사표시가 이루어질 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 수입화물선취보증서의 발행은행은 보증서 발행의 보증책임 범위를 명확히 하기 위해 기존 양식에 책임한도를 제한한다는 취지의 문구를 추가한 새로운 수입화물선취보증서 양식의 구축이 필요하다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2023

In the current era of globalization, financial and banking organizations have been facing ever-growing challenges in the global market regarding retention, customer satisfaction, commitment, engagement, proper services, and the belief of their employees. Employees are regarded as an enormous asset for every organization that plays an important role in achieving the vision of the company. The objective of this study is to explore the determinants of bank employee retention and its impact on an organization in the context of Bangladesh. In terms of research purpose, non-probability convenience sampling has been used in this study, and the targeted population was the commercial bank employees of Bangladesh. In terms of data collection, the researchers have used the adopted questionnaires from previous studies. In this study, the total sample size was 180, and a questionnaire was sent to the respondents through e-mails. For analyzing the collected data, SPSS 26.0 version has been used to test the study model and the proposed hypotheses. This study shows that there were four independent variables training and development, organizational culture, job satisfaction, and career development have a positive and significant impact on employee retention. So, the bank management should organize the retention program for the welfare of the employees.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2021

The study investigates the effectiveness of the macroprudential policy on credit growth in Vietnam. The authors use the logic of the transmission mechanism of macroprudential policy on credit growth. Research variables include economic growth, inflation, interest rate, and quarterly bank-level data from 28 commercial banks in Vietnam during 2011-2018. The results reveal that: (i) GDP growth had a positive impact on credit growth of small banks but had no impact on large banks, (ii) Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) and small banks respond differently to macroprudential measures of imposing different credit growth targets for different bank groups, (iii) Restrictions on foreign currency loans are found to be effective in curbing credit growth for the full sample and small banks, (iv) Inflation and economic cycle have significantly impacted credit growth at bank-level in Vietnam and (v) Interestingly, a significant positive relationship between interest rates and credit growth is found for the full sample and D-SIBs in Vietnam. The findings suggest that a stable macroeconomic environment should be good conditions for financial stability, and monetary authority should pay more attention to small banks' behaviors than D-SIBs behavior, toward such "administration" tools since small banks tend to prefer "breaking the rules" to make profits.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2021

The study aimed to investigate the impact of sectoral bank credit facilities provided by commercial banks on the non-oil economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Bank credit facilities are given for nine economic sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, mining, electricity and water, health services, construction, wholesale and retail trade, transportation and communications, services, and finance sector. The study employs annual data from 1970 to 2019. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to identify the long-run and short-run dynamics relationships among the variables. The main results reveal that the overall impact of total bank credit has a significant and positive effect on non-oil economic growth in KSA. The results revealed that the effect of bank credit on the non-oil GDP growth in the short and long run was uneven. The study finds that all sectors have a positive and significant impact in the long run, except for the agricultural and mining sectors. Likewise, all sectors have a positive and significant impact in the short run, except for construction, finance, services, and transportation & communications. As a result, bank credit facilities in different sectors have played an important role in enhancing the non-oil economic growth in the KSA.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

Purpose: Research on banking sustainability plays an important role in helping banks understand the level of risk in different types of companies. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the sustainability of Joint Stock Commercia l Banks in Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: The following theories, the factors affecting the bank's sustainability include: Business model diversification (income diversification), bank size, loan ratio, and net interest margin. Data was collected from Joint Stock Commercial banks in Vietnam from 2015 to 2019. With GLS model on panel data with banks listed on Vietnam stock exchange. Results: The analysis results show that net interest income has a positive impact on the sustainable business results of banks through the rate of return on total assets (ROA). The non-interest income hasn't impact on bank stability. From this result, there aren't positive signs of income diversification in banks. At the same time, with the obtained results, the study also provides a policy implication for banks. Conclusions: The study also provides some policy implications to improve the bank stability. Diversifying income in banks is necessary, but how to make it influential banks has not yet been done. Therefore, the adjustments in non-interest business activities need to be carefully considered by banks.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.342-344
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• 2008

24V DC power system of commercial vehicle includes 28V alternator and 24V battery bank (two 12V battery bank in series). BEQ(Battery Equalizer) provides efficient and reliable 12V DC power to 12V electrical load in 24V DC power system. In addition to providing 12V DC power, BEQ ensures that battery voltages remain equal which extends battery life. It is the most cost effective and efficient solution for dual voltage systems. BEQ made by Hyundai MOBIS is specifically designed to provide reliable 12V DC power for 12V ABS(Anti-lock Brake system).

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

The seamless integration of the architecture and structure of a tall building plays a key role in establishing a recognizable and iconic design. The structural system developed for Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank Headquarters (SRCBH) utilizes enhanced structural innovations unique to the tower's geometry to improve structural and sustainability performance. SRCBH utilizes a steel diagrid system pulled outside of the enclosure line with diaphragm forces resolved primarily by corner diagonal beams. During the design process the structural systems underwent performance based design and optimization for wind and seismic loading. Resiliency was prioritized for structural design as well as fire resistance. More closely integrating the structure of a building with its architecture and sustainability goals can lead to unique and innovative towers with a timeless expression.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2007

The materials on the development of modern architecture in Korea are being collected and organized in a systemic fashion. However, this is not the case with the materials relative to interior design. They are gradually disappearing or being lost. In particular, no serious attempt has yet been made to determine the characteristics and historic value of the interior design of the modern bank buildings. The purpose of this study is to trace the disappearing legacy of the interior design of modern bank buildings by learning the inner space arrangements of these buildings and the characteristics of modern interior design in order to determine the historic significance of modern commercial interior design. Banks of relatively large scale were selected for the purpose of this study. They consisted of: Chosun Bank(1911) and its Andong, Wonsan and Cheongjin branches; Chosun Shiksan Banks and its Busan, Daegu and Pyongyang branches; the Busan branch of the 18 Bank; Dongil Bank, Chosun Savings Bank(1935) and their branches. The study focused on the space arrangements and design characteristics of these banks. Although they aimed at modernization in designingtheir interior spaces, the modern bank buildings were not representative of any particular style of interior design. While western style designs were prevalent, eclectic designs incorporating many different styles existed. The characteristics of the interior design of banks of the time included installation of such decorations and use of high quality construction materials for interior and exterior expressing the wealth as to create an aura of credibility for the banks, while the floor arrangements were relatively stereotyped and simplified.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.55-74
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• 2007

The documentary credit has been functioning as an indispensable tool for making international commercial transactions safer throughout the world since ICC adopted the second revision of the Uniform Customs and Practices for Commercial Documentary Credits in 1962. Letter of Credit transaction should be cleared by the principle of the trust and integrity and vile partners sometimes make a fraud on the L/C by the misinterpretation of the documents. As there is no rule but no exception, exception from application of these principles is allowed. The fraud exception nile constitutes contracting out an application of basic principles, this rule should apply restrictively and in many authorities a court does not apply this rule to nominated bank, confirming bank, and bona fide holder of draft even if fraud is involved in L/C transactions. If not, we lose a lot of benefits from the credit as valuable commercial device through reservation of these principles to take a few benefits. So, We need to recognize that the fraud exception rule should be applied restrictively. Therefore, this study reviewed condition of application and exception from application of fraud exception rule in view of Cardozo's opinion, the Sztejn court, and UCC Sections-114(2).