• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1978

General components of comfrey collected during the period of July-September 1978 in Pusan area were investigated with a view to determine its possible value as a foodstuff by means of titrimetry, chromometric analysis and fluorometric analysis. As a result, the following data were obtained. 1) The contents of moisture, crude lipid, crude protein and carbohydrates of the comfrey were similar to those of other green vegetables such as spinach, crowndaisy, lettuce, leek and mallow. 2) The inorganic Ca, P and Fe of the comfrey were fairly greater in contents than those of other green vegetables. Compared with spinach, for instance, there were 4 times as much Ca and about 2 times as much Fe in it, respectively. 3) The contents of vitamins of the comfrey were also found in an amount much greater than those of other green vegetables. V-A of the comfrey, for instance, were 6 times greater in content than that of lettuce, and about 2 times greater than that of crowndaisy, leek and mallow, respectively. It also showed a greater content of V-A than even that of spinach, known as a vegetable most rich in V-A. V-B of the comfrey showed a little lower level of content than that of spinach but showed about the same level of content as that of leek and lettuce. V-B of the comfrey was 6 to 8 times greater in content than that of lettuce and leek. The content of niacin of the comfrey was also found much greater than those of other foodttuffs. V-C of the comfrey compared 3.5 times greater with that of lettuce, 2 times greater with that of mallow, and generally a higher level with those of other green vegetables. The above findings seem to firmly establish the food scientific value of the comfrey. Furthermore, the vegetable is very prolific and grows easily. If the general public is made aware of these facts, the vegetable is thought to contribute not a little to their dietary life as a nutritious foodstuff.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1978

comfrey의 잎과 뿌리에 함유된 free amino acid의 종류 및 함량은 G.L.C와 T.L.C.로 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) G.L.C.에 의해서 검출한 free amino acid는 13종이었으며 alanine, valine, glycine, isoleucine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine, cystine, tryphtophan, phenylalnine 등 13종이 정량되었으며 이들 중 arginine은 전질소 100%중에서 10.77%로 제일 많았고 그 다음이 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, histidine순이었다. (2) T.L.C로 검출한 amino acid는 G.L.C로 검출한 것보다 cysteic acid, leucine를 검출할 수 있었으며, 정량적인 면에서도 G.L.C방법과 일치하였으나 검출감도가 나쁘고 1종은 미확인 되었다. (3) G.L.C의 분석은 T.L.C 분석보다도 검출감도가 높고 정량적이었으나 재현성이 낮았고 실험과정이 복잡하여 비용이 많이 든다. (4) comfrey 중에서 잎과 뿌리에 함유된 amino acid의 함량과 성분을 비교해볼때 잎보다는 뿌리에 amino acids의 함량과 종류가 약간 많았다. (5) 60일후에 채취한 comfrey뿌리의 일반성분은 수분 13.2%, 조지방 2.2%, 조단백질 22.30%, 탄수화물 37.62%, 조섬유 9.38%, 회분 15.06%로 되어 있으며 60일 전후로 하여 조단백질의 함량이 감소되고 60일이 전의 comfrey는 수분의 함량이 많았고 60일이후에 채취한 comfrey는 탄수화물 조섬유, 회분의 함량이 증가되었다. (6) 60일정도 성장한 comfrey가 제일 많은 amino acids을 함유하고 있으며 그 함량도 제일 많았다. (7) comfrey에는 많은 amino acids가 함유되어 있는 것으로 보아 동물의 사료용으로 광범위하게 쓰일 수 있으며 comfrey차 이외의 다른 가공 식품을 만들수 있으리라고 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2021

Objectives: Bruising is an important side effect of enoxaparin injection. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is used to treat different types of wounds, bone fractures, and bruising in traditional medicine in many countries for centuries. This study aimed to determine the effects of the Comfrey ointment on the bruise size and color following enoxaparin injection. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 40, namely Comfrey and Placebo. Changes in bruise size and color in both groups were assessed daily before and after the intervention. Results: The Comfrey and Placebo groups were homogeneous in demographic and clinical variables. A downward trend was observed in the bruise size in both groups throughout the study. However, the bruise size was smaller in the Comfrey group than the Placebo group on day 2-5 of the intervention. Moreover, there was a significant difference in bruise color between the groups, with a shorter healing course in the Comfrey group. Conclusion: The Comfrey ointment accelerated the healing process of enoxaparin injection-induced bruising in patients with ACS. It is recommended as a safe and simple approach for these patients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1152-1158
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• 1997

In order to develop new soysauce using mountain edible herbs, cirsium setidens Nakai and comfrey were added to the raw material of soysauce as a partially substituting ingredient to wheat composing the total nitrogen. The changes of chemical composition of soysauce by the substitution of 1~5% cirsium setidens after four months of aging were similar to those of the control soysauce. On the other hand, total solid content was decreased, while the pH was increased by more than 7%. The total nitrogen and solid contents in the confrey substituted soysauce were increased with the increment of the amount of comfrey, but showed little changes of the pH. The mineral contents of calcium and potassium in the soysauce after four months of aging at 10% substitution of cirsium setidens were increased by 1.7 and 1.4 times, respectively. A significant increase in calcium(2.3 times as compared to the control) was also observed in 7% substitution of comfrey. The amino acid contents such as methionine, tyrosine and histidine were markedly increased at 3% substitution of cirsium setidens. With 5% substitution of comfrey, the contents of tyrosine, glutamic acid methionine were increased by 4.4, 1.8 and 1.7 times, respectively as compared to the control. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that overall acceptability of soysauce with 1~5% substitution of cirsium setidens and 5% of comfrey exceeded other samples composing different ratios of substituting ingredients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.539-543
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• 1992

변이원물질인 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, $benzo{(\alpha)}pyrene,$ 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole에 대한 컴프리의 생즙과 가열즙의 항돌연변이 효과를 spore rec-assay 및 Ames test방법을 이용하여 검토하였다. Bacillus subtilis $H17(rec^+)$와 $H45(rec^-)$를 사용한 spore rec-assay에서 comfrey의 생즙시료 $40{\mu}l$처리시에 MNNG에 대한 강한 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다(p<0.01). Salmonella typhimurium TA98과 /TA100의 두 균주를 이용한 Ames test에서는, comfrey생즙의 경우 $B{(\alpha)}P$에 대해 TA98과 TA100 두균주 모두에서 각각 43% 및 52%의 다소 낮은 항돌연변이 효과를 나타낸 반면, 가열즙의 경우 Trp-P-1에 대해 TA98과 /TA100의 균주에 대해서 각각 75% 및 76%의 강한 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다(p<0.01).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1995

Proximate compositions pH, contents of Vitamins in Russian comfrey(RC) were investigated to furnish basic research for the utilization of health foods or processed foods. Analysis has been made of the proximate composition of comfrey leaf and root of RC, and pH, vitamin content of RC. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash of RC were 89.78%, 3.23g/100g, 0.40g/100g in leaf and 69.66%, 0.44g/100g, 0.21g/100g, 8.24g/100g in root, respectively. pH of RC was 7.33. The $\beta$-carotene content in RC was 1097.158$\mu\textrm{g}$/100g. Vitamin B content in RC was 0.01mg/100g. Vitamin B content in RC was 0.29mg/100g. Niacin content in RC was 1.2mg/100g. Vitamin C content in RC was 26.4mg/100g.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted for 4 weeks to compare the feeding values of dried meal of Russian Comfrey and Kale as green feeds with Acacia leaf meal and Ladino clover meal, and to investigate the effects of feeding these on the total cholesterol in blood serum and liver fat content. Seventy-five male chicks of Single Comb White Leghorn were allotted into 5 treatments. Fifteen birds in each treatment were received Russian Comfrey meal, Kale meal, Acasia leaf meal, Ladino clover meal or no dried meal, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. No significant differences were recognized between the treatments and control in the growth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency, utilization of nutrients, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy value. 2. Carotene content in Russian Comfrey and Kale has been decreased as the growing stage advanced, and the leaves of both vegetable contained significantly (p<0.01) more carotene than that in stems. Vitamin C content of leaves was also signifcantly (p<0.01) higher than that in stems, however, vitamin C content has been increased as the growing stage advanced. 3. Toltal cholesterol content in blood serum of the chickens fed the Acacia leaf meal or Russian Comfrey meal was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Ladino clover meal fed group or those received no green feeds. Kale seems to decrease cholesterol content a little. Above results indicated that Acacia leaf and Russian Comfrey might contain certain substances that would depressing the cholesterol content. 4. No significant differences in the liver fat were discovered among the treatment but it was observed that liver fat was decreased as the cholesterol content increased.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 1998

본 연구는 국내에서 재배한 서양 향신 허브식물의 무기물 함량과 항산화 활성 효과를 비교검토하기 위하여 시험한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 1. 서양 허브식물은 여러 가지 종류의 무기물을 함유하고 있었으며 허브 종류별 무기물 함량은 매우 상이하였다. 캄슘함량은 borage, chicory에서 높았고 칼륨은 comfrey, borage, Parsley에서 철분은 coriander, comfrey에서 높았다. 2. 19종의 서양 허브식물에 대한 DPPH Radical 소거작용 검색에 의한 항산화 활성을 검색한 결과 spearmint, marjoram, sweet basil 및 rosemary 식물의 추출물에서 tocopherol, BHA와 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 용매별 분획에 의한 항산화효과를 검토한 결과 MeOH ext.에서 효과를 타나내지 못한 herb종류도 용매분획에 의해 항산화 활성을 나타낼수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.790-794
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 국내에서 재배되고 있는 컴프리의 형태학적 특성 및 pyrrolizidine alkaloids을 분석하기 위해서 수행되었다. 국내에서 채취한 12개 지역의 컴프리를 대상으로 형태학적 인 연구를 실시한 결과 모두 한 종류의 Symphytum officinale임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이들 시료를 hot methanol과 ultra-sonification으로 추출하여 pyrrolizidine alka loids 함유 여부를 확인하기 위하여 TLC 시험을 실시한 결과, 12개 시료의 컴프리는 o-chloranil과 Ehrlich's reagent의 발색시약이 pyrrolizidine alkaloids와 반응하여 특이적인 purple spot을 나타내었다. 그러나 치커리, 호박잎 및 깻잎을 사용하여 동일한 시험을 실시한 결과 purple spot이 관찰되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. HPLC 패턴을 분석 결과, 12개 시료의 컴프리는 retention time 30 부근에 특이적인 peak를 나타내었으나, 치커리, 호박잎 및 깻잎은 peak를나타내지 않았다. 따라서 국내 재배중인 컴프리 12종은 형태학적 특성 및 pyrrolizidine alkaloids로 조사한 결과, S. officinale 종임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 1998

The antimutagenic and cancer cell growth inhibitory effects of woorimil contained herb and seaweed powders were examined. While woorimil itself showed only 40% antimutagenic effect on S. typhymurium TA98 against 4NQO(0.15 g/plate), water extracts of mountain herbs and seweeds including Comfrey, wormwood, Kale, Angelica utilis and pine leaves showed 80~90% antimutagenicity. On the other hand, these extracts along with woorimil showed 68 to 80% antimutagenic activities. Low antimutagenic activities of less than 50% were shown when these extracts were tested on TA98 against Trp P 1(0.5 g/plate), but high antimutagenic activities of 80~93.3% were shown on TA100. Water extracts of Capsella bursa pastoris and Allium grayi exhibited 60~80% of the activites in cytotoxicity tests of woorimil water extracts(0.5mg/ml) on human lung carcinoma cell. A549 showed 10% cell growth inhibitory effect. When mixed with Comfrey and Angelica utilis extracts, it showed 23~25% inhibition and other extracts showed only 12~23% inhibition. Cytotoxicity test of woorimil extracts on human liver cancer cell Hep3B revealed 20% inhibition. The additions of pine needle extracts, Angelica utilis and Comfrey showed 33%, 29% and 25% inhibition, respectively. But other extracts showed only 20% inhibition.